多层螺旋CT多平面容积重建诊断腰椎峡部裂的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT诊断腰椎峡部裂的检查合理方案及其价值。方法对连续540例无明确外伤史的腰腿痛患者行多层螺旋CT腰椎容积扫描,范围从胸12至骶1。所有病例均利用容积数据重建腰椎间盘横断位、全腰椎横断位、矢状位及冠状位图像。观察有无明确的椎弓峡部裂。结果540例中,5.37%(29/540)能明确显示共54处峡部裂。20例伴相应椎体滑脱。矢状位清晰、直观显示了所有裂隙的特征及伴随改变。全腰椎横断位亦显示了所有裂隙,但效果较矢状位差。冠状位、椎间盘横断位分别显示51.85%、7.41%的裂隙。结论多层螺旋CT全腰椎矢状位容积重建是显示腰椎峡部裂的最好方法,应将其列为腰腿痛患者腰椎多层螺旋CT检查的常规重建项目。     

多层螺旋CT对腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂的诊断价值。方法:选取我院2016年3月-2017年2月89例腰椎滑脱并椎弓根崩裂患者,通过多层螺旋CT予以诊断,观察其滑脱及崩裂情况与影像特点。结果:在89例患者中,L3滑脱14例,L4滑脱65例,L5滑脱10例,共有前滑脱71例,后滑脱18例;双侧峡部裂75例,单侧峡部裂14例;Ⅰ度滑脱80例,Ⅱ度滑脱9例。多层螺旋CT检测影像资料较为清晰。结论:多层螺旋CT可清晰观察到腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂情况,具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT对腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂的诊断价值。方法:本研究选择我院外科2015年1月至2017年1月之间收治184例腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂患者的临床资料进行统计分析,全部患者均接受多层螺旋CT检查,回顾分析患者的临床检查情况。结果:I度滑脱164例,II度滑脱20例。L3滑脱30例,L4滑脱132例,L5滑脱22例。前滑脱148例,后滑脱36例。单侧峡部裂30例,双侧峡部裂154例。结论:腰椎滑脱并椎弓崩裂患者接受多层螺旋CT检查和诊断,具有较高的准确性,能够为患者的临床治疗提供依据。     

16层螺旋CT三维重建对腰椎峡部裂的诊断价值

腰椎峡部裂是临床上常见的一种脊椎病变，约5％的成人可患此病，它又称为腰椎椎弓崩裂，为椎弓上下关节突之间的狭细部分的断裂．由椎弓峡部裂及其所致的脊椎滑脱是引起腰腿痛的常见原因之一。传统的X线平片和CT轴位平扫是诊断该病的常用检查手段，这方面的报道较多。但由于腰椎峡部与三维空间上的任何一个平面均不平行，常会出现漏诊的情况。随着近年来多层螺旋CT在临床的广泛应用，明显提高了该病的诊断率，拓展了人们对该病的认识。本文通过对38例峡部裂患者进行16层螺旋CT扫描及三维重建．旨在提高对峡部裂CT重建图像征象的认识．     

腰椎峡部裂CT诊断进展

腰椎峡部裂的病因主要有先天性发育缺陷、重复性损伤及应力造成的疲劳性骨折及先天发育性因素与后天损伤共同作用。对腰椎峡部裂的诊断CT常规轴位检查较普通X线摄片有较大优势,但也常发生漏诊、误诊。反角度CT扫描能清晰显示环裂征及双关节征等特征性表现,CT常规轴位扫描结合反角度CT扫描可避免对腰椎峡部裂的误诊和漏诊。多层螺旋CT多平面重组、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积再现或表面遮盖成像等图像重组,可从不同角度、不同方位、不同观察窗条件真实全面地反映腰椎峡部裂的结构特征,确诊率达100%,是目前诊断腰椎峡部裂理想的成像方法。     

腰椎峡部裂CT诊断进展

腰椎峡部裂的病因主要有先天性发育缺陷、重复性损伤及应力造成的疲劳性骨折及先天发育性因素与后天损伤共同作用。对腰椎峡部裂的诊断CT常规轴位检查较普通X线摄片有较大优势,但也常发生漏诊、误诊。反角度CT扫描能清晰显示环裂征及双关节征等特征性表现,CT常规轴位扫描结合反角度CT扫描可避免对腰椎峡部裂的误诊和漏诊。多层螺旋CT多平面重组、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积再现或表面遮盖成像等图像重组,可从不同角度、不同方位、不同观察窗条件真实全面地反映腰椎峡部裂的结构特征,确诊率达100%,是目前诊断腰椎峡部裂理想的成像方法。     

腰椎峡部裂CT诊断进展

腰椎峡部裂的病因主要有先天性发育缺陷、重复性损伤及应力造成的疲劳性骨折及先天发育性因素与后天损伤共同作用.对腰椎峡部裂的诊断CT常规轴位检查较普通X线摄片有较大优势,但也常发生漏诊、误诊.反角度CT扫描能清晰显示环裂征及双关节征等特征性表现,CT常规轴位扫描结合反角度CT扫描可避免对腰椎峡部裂的误诊和漏诊.多层螺旋CT多平面重组、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积再现或表面遮盖成像等图像重组,可以不同角度、不同方位、不同观察窗条件真实全面地反映腰椎峡部裂的结构特征,确诊率达100%,是目前诊断腰椎峡部裂理想的成像方法.     

多排螺旋CT多平面重建技术在腰椎椎弓峡部裂诊断中的价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT多平面重建（multi-planar reconstruction,MPR）后处理技术诊断腰椎椎弓峡部裂的准确性。方法 36例腰椎椎弓峡部裂患者,行多排螺旋CT扫描后对原始数据进行MPR后处理,比较椎间盘CT轴位图像与MPR图像对腰椎椎弓峡部裂的显示率。结果 椎间盘CT轴位图像及MPR图像共发现椎弓峡部裂67个,峡部裂位于L32个,L424个,L541个;椎间盘CT轴位图像对椎弓峡部裂的显示率为68.66%（46/67）,MPR图像为100%,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 多排螺旋CT MPR技术可较好显示椎弓峡部裂特征,对指导治疗方案制订有重要价值。     

腰椎峡部裂的螺旋CT表现

腰椎峡部裂（spondylosehisis，SS）是指腰椎椎弓峡部关节间部骨质缺损，亦称椎弓崩裂或椎弓峡部不连；峡部裂可发生于一侧或两侧，大约95％的病人发生在腰5椎峡部；腰椎峡部裂是引起腰腿痛的原因之一，国内报道发病率5％～7％日。X线平片虽为一种必要的检查手段，但容易出现假阴性情况出现漏诊；单纯的椎间盘CT扫描亦不能发现未出现椎体滑脱的腰椎峡部裂；螺旋CT扫描基本可避免出现遗漏，在诊断腰椎峡部裂方面有独特的优势。     

腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂的治疗

目的探讨腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂患者的治疗。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2010年8月收治的腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂的15例患者,行脊柱后路滑脱椎体复位、椎板切开减压、椎体间植骨融合、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术治疗。结果 15例滑脱椎体获得良好复位,术后13例患者得到6～25个月随访,全部患者腰背疼痛及神经根性症状改善,无神经功能障碍存在。结论腰椎峡部裂性滑脱合并下位椎峡部裂病例少见,临床上易遗漏下位峡部裂的诊断及治疗,手术治疗需同时固定融合下位峡部断裂的椎体,防止术后再次滑脱。     

新战士100名强化训练前后腰椎椎弓峡部断裂情况调查

背景:新战士在新兵训练期间出现腰椎椎弓峡部断裂发病率较高并影响了正常训练。目的:分析部队新兵中腰椎椎弓峡部断裂的发病率与训练及其腰部原有病变的关系。设计:随机抽样调查。单位:解放军第九十七医院骨科。对象:某部2003年入伍的新兵100名,男性,平均年龄18.7岁。方法:对100名新兵全程追踪随访,于训练前及100d强化训练后分别摄腰部X射线正、侧位和双斜位片进行对照观察。主要观察指标:椎弓峡部断裂病例发病率,原有断裂者有无滑脱等加重现象。结果:调查对象100名均进入结果分析。①新兵训练前、后椎弓峡部断裂发病率:训练开始前的入伍新兵,L5椎弓峡部断裂5例,发病率为5%。100d训练结束时,腰椎椎弓峡部断裂8例,发病率增加至8%。②新兵训练前、后X射线检查结果:100名新战士X射线片训练开始前,左侧L5椎弓峡部变细2例,右侧L5椎弓峡部变细1例;双侧L5椎弓峡部断裂5例,其中1例呈I度滑脱。100d训练结束时,原双侧L5椎弓峡部断裂5例中I度以内滑脱3例,另3例原腰椎椎弓变细者均发生断裂。结论:腰椎椎弓峡部断裂发病率与训练强度有关。建议加强入伍新兵脊柱体检,常规加拍腰椎正、侧位和双斜位X射线片检查项目。     

Familial development of lumbar spondylolysis: a familial case report of 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father

The incidence of lumbar spondylolysis is affected by sex, race, and congenital abnormalities. These differences suggest a genetic component to the etiology of spondylolysis. However, no definitive evidence has been presented regarding the inheritance of lumbar spondylolysis. We report familial cases of lumbar spondylolysis in 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father, each of whom visited our clinic complaining of low back pain. Spondylolysis in the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) was identified in both boys and their father from clinical, radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Conservative treatment was provided for both boys. No bony union of any spondylolytic lesions was obtained, but they returned to sports activity without low back pain. Frequent development of spondylolysis, even at younger ages, in all male family members might indicate an underlying genetic etiology in lumbar spondylolysis, primarily in the form of autosomal dominant inheritance. However, information on patients and their parents should be considered carefully, as bony union with conservative therapy is not expected in such patients.     

腰椎峡部裂患者37例手术疗效分析

目的观察椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统治疗腰椎弓峡部裂的临床疗效。方法对37例腰椎峡部裂的患者应用椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统行峡部断端间植骨内固定。结果全部病例均获随访,平均随访时间9个月,术前日本整形外科学会(JOA)评分平均为(19.08±2.54)分,末次随访时平均(27.05±1.73)分。所有患者术后峡部裂植骨均骨性融合,内固定无松动、脱落。结论椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统是一种节段性内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂的有效方法,简单易行,尤其适用于年轻且无明显椎体滑脱和椎间盘突出的峡部裂患者。     

Computed tomorgaphy diagnostic of lumbar spondylolysis

Background. Low back pain is the main reason of reduction in physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine lumbar spine changes in patients with spondylolysis using computed tomography (CT) completed with multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Material and methods. The investigation was performed on 35 patients at the age from 13 to 79 years suffering from chronic low back pain with recognised lumbar spondylolysis. All these patients were subjected to anteroposterior and lateral radiography, and computed tomography (CT) and CD reconstructions Results. Spondylolysthesis was diagnosed as grade I in thirty patients, grade II in two patients and grade IV in other two patients. No signs of spondylolysthesis observed in three cases. The deformations of intervertebral foramina were confirmed in 26 patients (74.29%) and their craniocaudal narrowing was present in 22 cases (62.86%). The osteophytes around fissure margin of lumbar spondylolysis were found in 20 patients (57.14%). The herniation of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc was shown in 11 patients (31.43%). The degenerative changes of L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral joints were present in 9 cases (25.71%), whereas the spina bifida of S1 vertebra was stated in four patients (11.43%). Conclusions. 1. High percentage of deformations and narrowing of the intervertebral foramen and the osteophytes around fissure margin of lumbar spondylolysis, and the intervertebral disc herniation were diagnosed in patients with low back pain and spondylolysis using computed tomography completed with MPR and 3D reconstructions. 2. The axial scans completed with multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions are very usefull in diagnostic of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.     

Radiological diagnostic of lumbar spondylolysis

Summary. Spondylolysis involves disruption of the bone structure at the vertebral arch at the isthmus. Various methods are utilized in diagnosing spondylolysis, such as plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and scintigraphy. Plain radiography with anteroposterior (A-P) and lateral views is a useful method in the initial diagnostics of low back pain. Although lateral views have great value in the assessment of the progression of slippage, dynamic views are useful for the determination of vertebral stability, while oblique views seem be less precise. There is evidence that CT has the greatest value in the diagnosis of spondylolysis and lumbar spine evaluation generally. The use of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction have increased the reliability and value of CT examination, when only axial sections are analyzed. CT examination with MPR and 3D reconstruction enables reliable, diagnosis of spondylolysis and attendant complications, such as nucleus pulposus herniation, spondylolisthesis, and narrowing of intervertebral foramina and the vertebral canal. MR imaging is useful is assessing soft tissues, and should be utilized primarily in neurological complications. Scintigraphy does not seems to have any practical importance in evaluating spondylolysis.     

后路360°植骨融合椎弓根钉棒系统内固定置入治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症48例

回顾性分析2006-02/2007-10应用后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定、椎间Cage植骨及后外侧植骨360°融合治疗腰椎椎体滑脱症患者48例,其中单节段融合30例,二节段融合10例,三节段融合8例。置入前、置入后3d及最终随访时常规摄腰椎正、侧、双斜位片及过伸过屈侧位X射线平片;并分别测量滑移率、滑移复位率和植骨融合率;根据下腰痛JOA评分标准计算其恢复率。全部患者均获随访,结果显示恢复率为71.2%,滑移复位率为91%,植骨融合率为100%。X射线平片示滑移椎均全部复位,所有患者均未出现切口感染及局部炎症反应、排异反应等宿主反应,腰椎融合后,腰部伸屈功能部分受限。提示后路椎间360°植骨融合、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定可有效提高滑脱椎体复位及融合,改善患者临床症状。     

以腰椎峡部裂快速定位椎弓根螺钉的进钉位置

背景:目前腰椎峡部裂引起滑脱的患者术中由于峡部裂,腰椎移位明显,局部解剖结构发生改变,给椎弓根定位造成困难,因此有必要找到新的定位方法来解决。目的:通过腰椎峡部裂快速定位椎弓根螺钉位置,减少术中软组织显露,减少手术时间和出血量。方法:通过解剖影像学正侧位测量,分析峡部裂部位与椎弓根中心的位置关系,以椎弓根中心向峡部裂作一垂线,测量L4及L5根弓根中心与峡部裂的距离。选择40例峡部裂伴腰椎滑脱患者,根据峡部裂来定位椎弓根螺钉,记录手术时间、手术出血量及置钉准确率,并与既往传统的AO置钉法对比分析。结果与结论:L4及L5椎弓根中心与峡部裂的平均距离为(8.2±3.6)mm。利用腰椎峡部裂快速定位椎弓根螺钉位置,可减少术中软组织显露,减少手术时间和出血量,置钉过程中及置钉后未发现神经根损伤表现。     

腰椎间盘突出及脊椎滑脱与植入物置入后的力学关系

背景:腰椎间盘突出及脊椎滑脱手术治疗的目的不单是减压植骨固定,更重要的是保持瞬时旋转中心的正常应力点范围,以减少脊椎前滑力,维持脊椎近期和远期的力学稳定.目的:对腰椎间盘突出、脊椎滑脱植入物置入治疗及其植入物生物力学等问题进行阐述,并对2005-01/05本院收治的腰椎间盘突出症合并椎体滑脱行治疗的68例患者进行总结分析.方法:68例腰椎间盘突出症和脊椎滑脱患者均有腰痛或同时伴有坐骨神经痛,全部采用后路行半椎板或全椎板切除探查减压、椎间盘摘除、椎间植骨融合、后路短节段椎弓根钉置入复位内固定.结果与结论:68例患者均完成1.5年随访,按Stamffer疗效标准,良好63例,可5例,良好率达92.6%.由于脊椎瞬时旋转中心应力点的异常,腰椎间盘突出症和脊椎滑脱在病理上是互为因果的,植入物置入后保持了瞬时旋转中心的正常应力范围,减少了脊椎前滑力,维持了脊柱各方向近期和远期的力学稳定性.