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1.
A simple method for concentrating psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) from crude feather suspensions is described. The addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (MW 6000 to 9000) to feather suspensions facilitated the precipitation and pelleting of PBFDV by low speed centrifugation. Pellets were resus-pended in one-twentieth of the original volume with caesium chloride (CsCl) buffer and subjected to isopycnic ultracentrifugation. Peak haemagglutination activity (HA) occurred at 1.35 g/ml in PBFDV CsCl gradients. CsCl purified virus agglutinated galah (Eolophus roseicapillus), eastern long-billed corella (Cacatua tenuirostris), sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita), Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Cacatua lead-beateri) and gang gang cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) erythrocytes, but not those of 19 other avian or five mammalian species. PBFDV agglutinated galah erythrocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C over a wide range of pH and no change in HA titre was observed when PBFDV was treated with chloroform. HA persisted in PBFDV suspensions heated to 80 degrees C for 30 min, but was not detected after incubation at higher temperatures. High HA titres were detected in the feathers, serum, liver and kidneys of PBFD-affected birds. 相似文献
2.
The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of eight isolates of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) obtained from a range of psittacine species with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) from throughout Australia were compared with the sequences of two BFDV isolates previously reported from Australia (BFDV-AUS) and America (BFDV-USA), respectively. All isolates had the same basic structure including the position of the open reading frames, the hairpin structure between ORF1 and ORF2, the nonanucleotide motif (TAGTATTAC) therein, the three motifs of Rep protein encoded from ORF1 and involved in rolling circle replication, and the P-loop motif previously described, but the genome size of the eight isolates ranged from 1992 to 2018 nt. Overall nt identity of the isolates compared to BFDV-AUS ranged from 84 to 97%; the variation was due to a combination of point mutations and a number of deletions and insertions ranging from 1 to 17 nt in size detected in both coding and noncoding regions. The identity of the nt sequence of ORF2 compared to BFDV-AUS varied from 80 to 99%, while the identity of the deduced amino acid sequences varied from 73 to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into four clusters but there were no apparent regional differences or differences related to the psittacine species of origin. While seven ORFs with the potential to encode proteins greater than 8.7 kDa were detected in the BFDV-AUS isolate described previously, only three of these ORFs were detected in all 10 BFDV isolates for which sequence data were available. The three ORFs were ORF1 that presumably encodes the Rep protein, ORF2 presumably the major capsid protein, and the ORF previously designated ORF5. The ORF5 was of two size classes in different isolates, 303 and 474 nt, and only the first 303 nt of the viruses with an ORF of 474 nt were common to the other isolates. 相似文献
3.
Nestling budgerigars and galahs and one-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with an homogenate prepared from the feathers of a variety of birds with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), and known to contain virus-like particles 20 nm in diameter. Uninoculated birds were included as in-contact controls and groups of birds were also inoculated with homogenate treated with ss-propriolactone to inactivate any virus present. Typical PBFD developed in many of the inoculated birds and in some in-contact controls but in none of the birds inoculated with inactivated homogenate nor in SPF chickens. It is concluded from these findings that PBFD is an infectious disease of viral aetiology and is identical to the disease in budgerigars commonly referred to as 'French Moult'. 相似文献
4.
Zhuang Q Chen J Mushtaq MH Chen J Liu S Hou G Li J Huang B Jiang W 《Archives of virology》2012,157(1):53-61
Budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD) and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) are caused by avian polyomavirus (APV) and
psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV), respectively. These diseases frequently infect psittacine birds and result
in similar clinical manifestations. In this study, we observed the prevalence of PBFDV infection and a dual infection of APV
and PBFDV in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) in Mainland China for the first time. One PBFDV isolate and two APV isolates were harvested using chicken embryos. Genetic
characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of the two APV isolates revealed nucleotide similarity ranging
from 99.0% to 99.6% to other sequences in GenBank, and a 14-bp insertion was observed in the genome of one APV isolate. The
results of complete genome analysis of the PBFDV isolate showed nucleotide similarity ranging from 83.0% to 95.0% with other
PBFDV sequences in GenBank. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the APV and PBFDV strains isolated in this
study indicated that the isolates from China were closely related to their Japanese counterparts. The results of this study
will help to identify molecular determinants and will aid further research on the prevention and control of APV and PBFD infection. 相似文献
5.
Beak and feather disease is a major avian disease of both captive and wild parrot and cockatoo populations. Clinical signs include beak elongation and abnormal growth, together with weight loss and in some individuals the disease is fatal. We investigated the relationship between viral genotypes and their hosts in order to test for a positive association between distinct viral genomes and avian species. Specifically, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and sequence a 605-nucleotide (nt) segment of a coding region in the Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV) genome. Feather and blood samples from 25 caged birds representing 10 species were assayed and the BFDV was detected in 21 samples from New Zealand. A phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from 17 specimens together with previously published sequences from Australian "isolates" revealed three lineages present in New Zealand. One viral lineage was found in six cockatoos representing two species (designated CT), a second lineage was detected in a budgerigar (designated BG), and a third was found in 10 lorikeets representing seven species (designated LK). This distinctive clustering pattern of viral sequences with groups of psittacine species indicates a genotypic association between the virus and these hosts. 相似文献
6.
The pathogenesis and epidemiology of a feather disease in wild Senegal doves (Streptopelia senegalensis) which is morphologically similar to psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) was investigated. Although the lesions in doves resembled PBFD there was little evidence for the presence of psittacine circovirus (PsCV). Haemagglutination activity (HA) using type A galah (Eolophus roseicapillus) erythro-cytes was not detected in feathers or livers of affected doves as would occur in PBFD. Low concentrations of HA excreted in the faeces of affected doves was not caused by psittacine circovirus (PsCV) because the antigen in faeces also caused haemagglutination of PsCV-insensitive type B galah erythrocyte and was not inhibited by anti-PsCV antibody. Similar HA of unknown cause was also detected in faeces from clinically normal Senegal doves. Anti-PsCV haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody was not detected in the serum of affected doves or in the blood of 206 clinically normal wild Senegal doves or 17 captive columbid birds in close contact with a flock of psittacine birds that was known to be PsCV-infected. Senegal doves also failed to seroconvert after two inoculations with PsCV purified from the feathers of a PBFD-affected long-billed corella (Cacatua tenuirostris). The results indicate that the feather disease seen in feral Senegal doves in Perth is not due to PsCV although the possibility that it is due to another antigenically distinct circovirus was not eliminated. 相似文献
7.
Skin biopsies from 23 birds with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Affected cells, preferentially found in the cell layers of the feather follicles, could be clearly identified by the presence of intracytoplasmic virus inclusion bodies. Ultrastructurally, the degenerative process in these cells was morphologically suggestive of apoptosis. 相似文献
8.
9.
Rüdiger Raue Reimar Johne Lorenzo Crosta Marcellus Bürkle Helga Gerlach Hermann Müller 《Avian pathology》2004,33(1):41-50
To investigate sequence diversity of psittacine beak and feather disease virus, samples collected from 31 psittacine species with or without clinical signs were tested for the presence of the viral genome. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed amplifying a 202 base pair fragment of the region encoding the capsid protein C1 and detecting 100 to 1000 genome equivalents. The nucleotide sequences of the polymerase chain reaction products showed 84.1 to 100% identity with no consistent pattern with regard to the infected bird species. Amino acid exchanges were concentrated mainly in five of the 42 deduced positions. Sequences obtained from an outbreak of acute beak and feather disease in lories clustered in a separate branch of a phylogenetic tree. Sequences in samples from African grey parrots with feather disorders grouped together, whereas those from the same species with immunosuppression clustered in other branches. These results indicate the possible existence of beak and feather disease virus genotypes. 相似文献
10.
11.
Summary. A study was made of the phylogenetic relationships between fifteen complete nucleotide sequences as well as 43 nucleotide sequences of the putative coat protein gene of different strains belonging to the virus species Beak and feather disease virus obtained from 39 individuals of 16 psittacine species. The species included among others, cockatoos (Cacatuini), African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), which were infected at different geographical locations, within and outside Australia, the native origin of the virus. The derived amino acid sequences of the putative coat protein were highly diverse, with differences between some strains amounting to 50 of the 250 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the putative coat gene sequences form six clusters which show a varying degree of psittacine species specificity. Most, but not all strains infecting African grey parrots formed a single cluster as did the strains infecting the cockatoos. Strains infecting the lovebirds clustered with those infecting such Australasian species as Eclectus roratus, Psittacula kramerii and Psephotus haematogaster. Although individual birds included in this study were, where studied, often infected by closely related strains, infection by highly diverged trains was also detected. The possible relationship between BFD viral strains and clinical disease signs is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Luis Ortiz-Catedral Brigitta Kurenbach Melanie Massaro Kate McInnes Dianne H. Brunton Mark E. Hauber Darren P. Martin Arvind Varsani 《Archives of virology》2010,155(4):613-620
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a viral disease distributed worldwide with a potentially critical impact on
many rare parrots. While efforts have been made to determine its prevalence in wild and captive psittacines, only limited
work has been done to document complete genomes of its causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). Here, we describe
five full genomes of BFDV isolated from wild specimens of an endemic New Zealand parrot, the red-fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae). The isolates share >99% nucleotide similarity amongst themselves and ~91–92% similarity to BFDV isolates from southern
Africa, Europe and Australia. A maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree including 42 other full-genome sequences indicated
that the five isolates from red-fronted parakeets represent an undescribed genotype of BFDV. These isolates are evolutionarily
most closely related to the Cacatuini isolates from Thailand and the Lorinae isolates from Australia in the rep gene ML tree; however, in the cp ML tree, the evolutionary relationship is closer to viruses found in the Psittacini. 相似文献
13.
A longitudinal study was performed in order to investigate virus excretion and viraemia during a clinical outbreak of the psittacine beak and feather disease in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Viral nucleic acid was detected in feathers, cloacal swabs and blood samples. Overall, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) DNA was detected most commonly in feather samples, followed by cloacal swabs, and least frequently from blood samples. In most cases the viraemia was short lived and correlated with clinical signs, such as feather abnormalities. Sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction fragment amplified from the replication-associated gene (ORF V1) indicated a close relationship with other BFDV isolates. Overall the highest level of nucleotide identity was found with the ORF V1 of another budgerigar isolate. Our results suggest that feather samples and cloacal swabs should be taken for polymerase chain reaction diagnosis to determine the presence of BFDV in an aviary, but that detection in these samples may not correlate well with psittacine beak and feather disease. 相似文献
14.
Summary. A study on the genetic variation of Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) isolates in South Africa was performed by amplifying and sequencing a region within the ORF1 of the genome. Six different
BFDV isolates were found in 15 psittacine species from 6 regions within South Africa, representing three unique isolates and
three isolates that clustered into a budgerigar lineage (BG) previously described. 相似文献
15.
Nicolai Bonne Phillip Clark Patrick Shearer Margaret Sharp Shane Raidal 《Comparative clinical pathology》2009,18(4):353-359
The hematological characteristics of juvenile long-billed corellas (Cacatua tenurostris), with or without prior administration of a psittacine beak and feather disease vaccine, were studied for 97 days after experimental
infection with beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). It was found that the pre-challenge hematological values were similar
between vaccinated and non-vaccinated corellas. Most pre-challenge parameters were comparable to previously reported values
of other cockatoos and psittacine birds. Significant differences were seen in both groups when comparing pre-challenge values
with post-challenge values for total and differential leukocyte concentrations, but packed cell volume and total serum protein
were not significantly affected by BFDV challenge. 相似文献
16.
17.
A Ramis K S Latimer F D Niagro R P Campagnoli B W Ritchie D Pesti 《Avian pathology》1994,23(4):643-657
The evaluation of the usefulness of DNA probes in a diagnostic setting to identify nuclear inclusions in selected viral infections (psittacine beak and feather disease viral infection, avian polyomavirus infection, adenovirus infection and Pacheco's parrot disease) is reported. A DNA in situ hybridization method was used to detect viral nucleic acid in sections of paraffin-embedded tissues coming from birds naturally and/or experimentally infected. It is concluded that DNA probes used for polyomavirus (FN-19) and adenovirus (FN-23) are able to identify nucleic acid of each virus in the cells with nuclear inclusions, and when used for psittacine beak and feather disease virus (FN-8), and Pacheco's parrot disease virus (FN-49) are able to detect viral nucleic acid in cells with or without inclusions. 相似文献
18.
The development of diagnostic assays for detecting beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) has traditionally been hampered by the difficulty associated with producing suitable reagents, namely purified virus and polyclonal antibodies. In an effort to develop a consistent and standardised source of antibody, a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant BFDV capsid protein has been developed and its use in western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays characterised. The antibody was specific for both the recombinant BFDV capsid protein and the whole virus and had similar optimal titres when used in western blotting and IHC. The antibody also had HI activity and detected BFDV virus from three genera of psittacine birds, including the recently described cockatiel BFDV isolate. The monoclonal antibody should have widespread application in both research and the development of diagnostic assays for BFDV. 相似文献
19.
Arvind Varsani Gillian K. de Villiers Guy L. Regnard Robert R. Bragg Kulsum Kondiah Inga I. Hitzeroth Edward P. Rybicki 《Archives of virology》2010,155(3):435-439
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) infects psittaciformes
worldwide. We provide an annotated sequence record of three full-length unique genomes of BFDV isolates from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) from a breeding farm in South Africa. The isolates share >99% nucleotide sequence identity with each other and ~96% nucleotide
sequence identity to two recent isolates (Melopsittacus undulatus) from Thailand but only between 91.6 and 86.6% identity with all other full-length BFDV sequences. Maximum-likelihood analysis
and recombination analysis suggest that the South African budgerigar BFDV isolates are unique to budgerigars, are non-recombinant
in origin, and represent a new genotype of BFDV. 相似文献
20.
Recombinant expression of a truncated capsid protein of beak and feather disease virus and its application in serological tests. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Reimar Johne Rüdiger Raue Christian Grund Erhard F Kaleta Hermann Müller 《Avian pathology》2004,33(3):328-336
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) causes severe disease characterized by irreversible feather disorders and severe immunosuppression in many psittacine species. BFDV cannot be propagated in tissue or cell cultures, rendering virus propagation and thus diagnosis rather difficult. To develop reliable diagnostic methods, the region encoding the BFDV capsid protein C1 was cloned from an infected sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita). Phylogenetic analysis showed this gene had 76.3 to 83.2% amino acid identity to published sequences. No protein was detected after induction of full-length C1 expression in Escherichia coli. However, deletion of an amino-terminal arginine-rich sequence facilitated expression. C1(39-244)-His, a polyhistidine-tailed variant of this protein, was purified and used for immunization of chickens. The immune sera detected C1 with an apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa in western blots of organ homogenates of BFDV-infected birds. Using C1(39-244)-His as antigen, 11 psittacine sera were tested for the presence of BFDV-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The results obtained correlated well with the BFDV-specific haemagglutination inhibition activity of the sera, suggesting C1(39-244)-His has value as a recombinant antigen for BFDV-specific serological tests. 相似文献