CAT评分与mMRC评分对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者病情评估比较

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)评估测试(CAT)评分与改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难指数(m MRC)评分系统在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者相关病情评估中的有效性及差异性。方法收集2016年12月到2017年8月就诊于我院急诊及呼吸内科门诊的COPD患者,共386例,进行CAT评分及m MRC评分,并记录患者合并症、临床症状及过去三个月住院或入住ICU情况。分析并比较CAT评分、m MRC评分与COPD患者合并症、症状严重程度以及住院率的相关性。结果 CAT评分在COPD合并症、症状严重程度的评估方面较m MRC评分敏感,而m MRC评分更适合评估COPD患者住院率,但在ICU的住院率上仍不如CAT评分敏感。结论 CAT评分与m MRC评分对COPD患者合并症、症状严重程度、住院率评估上各有优势,可根据二者的不同,对COPD患者做出更合理的评估及处理。     

重视慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并症和并发症的诊治

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）常与其他疾病合并,显著影响其预后。诊断和病情评估时,要分析合并症表现为 COPD类似症状的因素;不论COPD与合并症是否相关,COPD的治疗必须包括合并症的同步治疗。     

重视慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并症和并发症的诊治

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）常与其他疾病合并，显著影响其预后。诊断和病情评估时，要分析合并症表现为
COPD类似症状的因素；不论COPD与合并症是否相关，COPD的治疗必须包括合并症的同步治疗。     

胸部CT在慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情及合并症评估中的作用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是常见的呼吸系统疾病, 常伴有多种合并症。合并症的发生显著降低COPD患者的生活质量, 增加病死率和医疗费用。胸部CT作为常见的胸部影像学检查, 不仅能评估COPD患者的气道结构变化、肺气肿程度以及急性加重风险, 同时还能对COPD合并症进行早期评估, 为患者的个体化治疗提供客观依据。本文就胸部CT在COPD病情及合并症评估中的作用进行综述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并骨质疏松症的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)目前仍是全球患病率、致残率、病死率高的慢性呼吸系统疾病, 常可合并多种合并症。骨质疏松症是其中之一, 是一种以低骨量和骨组织微观结构退化为特征的系统性疾病, 常导致骨强度下降, 骨折的风险随之增加, 但在临床中常被忽视。因此, 了解COPD合并骨质疏松症的危险因素、伴随疾病、诊断与治疗, 对于COPD患者具有重要意义。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺结核的早期诊断及治疗探讨

目的分析住院老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺结核的临床特点,探讨其早期诊断及治疗措施。方法对48例住院老年COPD合并肺结核患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结论老年COPD合并肺结核的临床症状、体征、影像学及辅助检查均不典型,且合并症、并发症多,漏诊、误诊率高。应引起临床医师的高度重视,以早期诊断,及时治疗。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病骨质代谢临床分析

慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者骨质代谢异常 ,导致骨质疏松 ,其病因多种 ,国内外已有报道。为进一步探讨其发病情况和发病机制 ,并为临床提供治疗依据 ,我们对 97例COPD患者进行了骨质代谢指标及骨密度测定。1　对象和方法1 1　 对象　COPD急性发作期住院患者 97例 ,均符合中华医学会呼吸学会 1997年制定的“慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治规范”中的诊断标准。病程 5～ 40年 ,男 67例 ,女 3 0例 ,平均年龄60 .5 2± 12 .99岁。 97例中慢性支气管炎 89例 ,支气管哮喘 6例 ,支气管扩张症 2例 ,其中合并肺心病 3 6例 ,均排除其他疾病对骨质代谢的…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的合并症/并发症的发病率和病死率分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的合并症/并发症的发病率和病死率.方法 选择我院呼吸与危重症医学中心2018年1月至2018年12月住院的COPD患者1210例,按照其合并症/并发症的类型进行分组,以单纯COPD为对照组,其余为病例组,观...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病危险相关因素分析

目的：：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病( COPD)合并肺源性心脏病危险相关因素。方法：选取50例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病住院患者作为研究组,同时选取同期COPD未合并肺源性心脏病住院患者作为对照组,分析COPD患者发生肺心病的危险因素。结果：研究组患者在PaO2、 PaCO2、 CD4+/CD8+、 FEV1及FEV1/FVC方面均差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。疾病加重次数、吸烟指数及SGRQ评分是慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病的危险因素。结论：稳定患者病情,减少COPD急性发作次数,戒烟,及时疏导患者负性心理有利于降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病的危险性,提高患者生活质量,改善预后。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺血栓栓塞症诊治进展

肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）是老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的重要并发症,发病率、病死率和复发率均较高。COPD和PTE临床表现均缺乏特异性并相互重叠,易导致延迟诊断或漏诊。因此,提高诊断意识在临床上非常重要。对老年COPD合并PTE患者选择溶栓或抗凝时应充分考虑老年人的病理生理特点以及其他合并症的影响,慎重权衡病情轻重与出血风险。     

Social relations in older adults: Secular trends and longitudinal changes over a 16-year follow-up

Drawing on population studies in Finland, we investigated secular trends and longitudinal changes in social relations. The cohort comparison data comprised on 974 persons aged 65-69 years from three cohorts born between 1919 and 1939 and interviewed in 1988, 1996 and 2004. Longitudinal analyses were conducted for 635 persons aged 65-74 years over a 16-year follow-up at three measurement points. Social relations were studied on the basis of frequency seeing one's offspring, perceptions of the sufficiency of these contacts, and by asking whom the participants considered as their closest person and how often and in how many tasks they helped someone. The cohort comparisons showed that the frequency of seeing one's offspring had decreased in the most recent cohort and that the number of contacts was considered more inadequate. Longitudinal analyses showed that although the proportion of children as the closest persons increased, meetings with them became fewer. Helping others was more common in the last cohort, but in the longitudinal analyses it decreased with age. Finnish people at retirement help others more than before, but they do not meet their offspring as often as they would like. Measures are needed for action to promote intergenerational exchange in older adults on both individual and societal level.     

Social network ties before and after retirement: a cohort study

Social networks are associated with individual’s health and well-being. Working life offers opportunities to create and maintain social networks, while retirement may change these networks. This study examined how the number of ties in social network changes across the retirement transition. The study population consisted of 2319 participants (84% women, mean age 63.2 years) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Information about social network ties, including the number of ties in the inner, middle and outer circles of the social convoy model, was gathered using annual postal surveys before and after retirement. Three repeat surveys per participant covered the retirement transition and the post-retirement periods. Mean number of network ties was 21.6 before retirement, of which 5.6 were situated in the inner, 6.9 in the middle and 9.1 in the outer circle. The number of ties in the outer circle decreased by 0.67 (95% CI − 0.92, − 0.42) during the retirement transition period, but not during the post-retirement period (0.11, 95% CI − 0.33, 0.12) (interaction period * time, p = 0.006). The pattern of change in these ties did not differ by gender, occupational status, marital status, number of chronic diseases and mental health during the retirement transition period. The number of ties in the inner and middle circles overall did not decrease during these periods. The number of peripheral relationships decreased during the retirement transition but not after that, suggesting that the observed reduction is more likely to be associated with retirement rather than aging.     

Longitudinal trends of hemoglobin levels in a Japanese population--RERF's Adult Health Study subjects

Conflicting results have been reported on the long-term relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) level and age. We analyzed that relationship over a 40-yr period in a Japanese population, adjusting for the effects of sex, birth cohort, smoking, and anemia-associated diseases. We used Hb levels measured biennially between 1958 and 1998 for 4858 Adult Health Study subjects of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Using the mixed-effects model, we showed that the aging Hb profile varied by sex (P < 0.001) and birth cohort (P < 0.001). Male Hb levels peaked in the third and fourth decades and then decreased while female Hb levels dipped slightly in the third decade, peaked in the sixth and seventh, and then decreased. Levels were higher in younger cohorts. The rate of Hb decline after the sixth decade of life was greater for subjects with anemia-associated diseases (P = 0.002). The annual rate of decline between 70 and 80 yr of age for disease-free men ranged from 0.083 to 0.042 g/dL and for disease-free women from 0.049 to 0.036 g/dL. Levels were higher for ever-smokers (P < 0.001), more so for women than men. A decreasing trend in Hb concentration with advancing age was detected for elderly men and women after controlling for anemia-associated diseases, suggesting that anemia in the elderly is due not only to disease but also to aging. Cohort and smoking effects on Hb levels were also observed.     

Effect of smoking on FEV decline in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of a large cohort of Japanese males

OBJECTIVE: The effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on age-related pulmonary function decline was assessed in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. METHODOLOGY: In the cross-sectional study, pulmonary function data from 11,875 healthy asymptomatic males, aged between 35 and 74, were analysed and correlated with their smoking history and age. In the longitudinal study, changes in pulmonary function were monitored over a 5-year period in 1888 healthy males. RESULTS: The cross-sectional study showed that the difference in FEV(1) between male never smokers and current smokers was small at a younger age but increased with age. A beneficial effect on FEV(1) decline was observed in those who ceased smoking, even within the previous 12 months. Longitudinally, current smokers showed a more rapid decline in FEV(1) over the 5-year period than non-smokers. Those who ceased smoking had lower rates of decline in FEV(1) than those who continued to smoke. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with a reduction in pulmonary function, and that smoking cessation has a beneficial effect on FEV(1) decline. Provision of a smoking cessation program for all smokers, especially those showing a rapid decline of FEV(1), should be considered as an important strategy to prevent progression of COPD.     

Anticardiolipin antibodies as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in a population-based prospective study

Anticardiolipin antibodies, one of the family of 'antiphospholipid' antibodies, increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in the presence of autoimmune disease. Our objective was to determine prospectively whether there is a positive association between anticardiolipin antibodies and venous thromboembolism in ostensibly healthy adults. We conducted a nested case-control study (n = 317 patients and n = 655 control subjects) in a longitudinal study of over 20 000 participants. Baseline (prediagnosis) anticardiolipin IgG and IgM antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Venous thromboembolism was validated using standardized criteria for venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. There was no association between anticardiolipin antibodies and subsequent venous thromboembolism occurrence, overall or in any subgroup. For example, the multivariate-adjusted relative risk was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.43, 1.78) for greater than versus less than the 95th percentile of anticardiolipin IgG. In conclusion, in this general population sample, an elevated anticardiolipin antibody level was not a risk factor for venous thromboembolism.