纤维胆道镜在肾结石开放手术中的应用(附38例报告)

目的：探讨纤维胆道镜在肾结石开放手术中的应用价值。方法：将纤维胆道镜应用于肾盂切开取石术治疗肾多发结石患者38例，术中经纤维胆道镜介入液电碎石，并配合钳夹冲洗等方法取出结石。结果：36例获得成功，2例失败。结论：肾多发结石经肾盂切开并配合纤维胆道镜治疗是一种安全有效的方法，具有对肾脏损伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点，同时还能对其他病变起到检查及治疗作用。     

腹腔镜下配合肾盂拉钩行肾盂切开取石术治疗无肾盂积水肾内型肾盂结石：附视频

目的 总结腹腔镜下配合肾盂拉钩行肾盂切开取石术治疗无肾盂积水肾内型肾盂结石初步经验.方法 在腹腔镜下配合肾盂拉钩行肾盂切开取石术治疗无肾盂积水肾内型肾盂结石23例,回顾分析23例病例资料.结果 23例手术均取得成功,手术时间（53±19）min,出血量（50±15） ml,平均住院时间（8±2）d,无一例漏尿,无一例中转开放手术,无输血病例等情况,随访除1例肾下盏残留0.7 cm结石外,其余无结石残留.结论 腹腔镜下配合肾盂拉钩行肾盂切开取石术治疗无肾盂积水肾内型肾盂结石可行,选择合适病例,术中操作快速,适当游离、牵拉暴露肾内型肾盂,可以有效避免开放手术、经皮肾镜等手术重创,此种手术方式术后恢复快、疗效确切,值得推广.     

腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术疗效分析

目的 报告腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术的初步临床经验。方法 经腹腔途径腹腔镜下施行肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾结石19例，21侧；同期处理其他上尿路疾病9例。男14例，女5例。年龄16～67岁，平均41岁。结石直径1．2～3．5cm。结石位于右侧11例，左侧6例，双侧2例。合并输尿管结石5例，其中双侧输尿管多发性结石同侧石街形成1例；肾盂息肉2例，其中致巨大肾积水1例；开放性输尿管切开取石术后狭窄伴巨大肾积水1例；妊娠期肾盂结石致巨大肾积水时放置双J管内引流术后1例。12例13侧曾行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗失败，1例曾行微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）取石不净。结果 手术均获成功。手术时间75～240min，平均115min。术中出血量30～100m1．平均50ml。术后漏尿者1例，5d后自愈。术后住院时间5～9d，平均6d。留置双J管4～6周。随访3～36个月，KUB及IVU显示除1例肾下盏残留1枚0．7cm结石外，余无结石残留，肾盂出口输尿管无狭窄，双肾输尿管均显影。结论 腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术是治疗肾结石可选择的一种微创手术，且可同期处理上尿路合并症，可部分替代开放性手术。     

后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石38例效果观察

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石的效果。方法依据不同术式将75例肾盂单发结石患者分为2组。对照组37例采用经皮肾镜碎石取石术,观察组38例采用后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术。比较2组的治疗效果。结果 2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率及取石成功率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石,取石成功率高、术中出血少、术后并发症少,可缩短患者住院时间。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术联合负压装置一期治疗结石性脓肾的疗效分析

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术联合负压装置一期治疗结石性脓肾的有效性和安全性. 方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2011年6月应用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗的83例结石性脓肾患者的临床资料,其中输尿管上段结石15例、肾盂结石9例、多发性肾结石28例、铸型肾结石31例,结石直径1.2～6.3 cm,均有肾盂出口梗阻.术中C臂X线机或B超引导行经皮肾穿刺.患者经皮肾穿刺时均抽出脓性尿液,应用筋膜扩张器一步扩张建立20 F工作通道,12 F李氏微创肾镜连接负压装置,先吸出肾内脓液,行一期碎石取石,术中通过间歇性负压吸引保持肾内低压. 结果 83例均成功建立20 F通道并一期碎石取石,手术时间(34±19)min.24例输尿管上段结石及肾盂结石均一期取净结石;59例多发肾结石及铸型结石患者结石一期取净33例,结石残留26例,行二期取石术.一期结石总清除率为68.7％(57/83),二期结石清除率为91.6％(76/83).术后发热7例,血培养未见致病菌生长,经对症抗炎治疗1～3d后体温恢复正常,未发生败血症或感染性休克等并发症. 结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术中,20 F单通道联合负压装置一期治疗结石性脓肾安全、有效.     

经腹腹腔镜联合肾镜治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)合并肾结石的可行性和临床疗效。方法:2013年5月,我院采用经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO合并肾结石患者1例。具体方法是采用经腹腔入路,在腹腔镜下先分离出肾盂并切开,然后使肾镜通过腹腔镜穿刺通道进入肾盂肾盏行碎石取石术,再在腹腔镜下行离断式肾盂成形术。结果:手术过程顺利,手术时间180min。术后21小时肛门排气,5天后拔除腹腔引流管,10天后出院。术后3个月随访,肾盂输尿管连接部通畅,未发现明显结石残留。结论:经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石安全、有效。     

纤维膀胱镜在肾盂多发性结石手术中的应用

我科从 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,采用纤维膀胱镜配合肾盂切开取石术治疗肾脏多发性结石 15例 ,效果满意。报告如下。临床资料　本组 15例。男 6例 ,女9例。年龄 19～ 6 4岁 ,平均 4 2岁。术前超声及ＩＶＵ检查 ,左肾盂多发性结石伴右侧输尿管上段结石 2例 ;肾盂结石伴中、下盏结石 8例 ;鹿角形结石 2例 ;肾内各盏多发性结石 1例 ;中、下盏多发性结石合并单纯性肾囊肿 2例。手术方法　常规肾盂切开取石术操作 ,采用ＯｌｙｍｐｕｓＣＹＦ 2型纤维膀胱镜帮助取出小结石。膀胱镜镜鞘外径5 .1ｍｍ ,末端外径 5 .3ｍｍ ,末端可向上弯曲 2 10…     

肾盂切开联合内腔镜治疗孤立肾鹿角型结石的疗效观察

目的:探讨肾盂切开联合内腔镜治疗孤立肾鹿角型结石的治疗效果和操作应用体会。方法:4例孤立肾鹿角型结石患者首先接受肾盂切开取石术。术中沿肾盂切口置入膀胱镜或输尿管镜,在内腔镜监视下进行钬激光碎石取石术,直至肾盂和肾盏内结石完全清除。总结分析相关临床资料。结果:手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间120min。术中术后无出血、感染等并发症。术后平均住院时间5d,结石清除率100%。随访12个月无肾积水、肾盂狭窄或结石复发。结论:肾盂切开联合内腔镜治疗孤立肾鹿角型结石技术和设备要求少,安全高效。     

后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石联合膀胱软镜碎石术治疗肾多发结石的回顾性分析

目的 分析后腹腔镜下肾盂切开取石术联合膀胱软镜碎石术治疗肾多发结石的效果。方法 天门市第一人民医院泌尿外科2016年12月至2019年12月治疗的66例肾多发结石患者,按照手术方式分为经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)组和联合组(采用后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术联合膀胱软镜碎石术),对比两组患者结石清除率、手术时间、血红蛋白下降值及术后降钙素原值。结果两组患者在结石清除率、手术时间方面无统计学差异(P均0.05),而PCNL组血红蛋白下降值和术后降钙素原值明显高于联合组(P均0.01)。结论 对于肾盂结石并扩张积水的肾多发结石患者,后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石联合膀胱软镜碎石术与经皮肾镜取石术效果相当,但安全性优于后者。     

腹腔镜联合经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗肾囊肿并肾多发性结石

目的 介绍腹腔镜联合经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗肾囊肿并肾多发性结石的技术要点和初步经验。 方法 选取20例肾囊肿并肾多发性结石患者行腹腔镜联合经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗肾囊肿并肾多发结石。结石最大4x3cm,最小1x0.5cm。先用腹腔镜行肾囊肿去顶术。然后根据术前CTA+CTU片制定手术方案和穿刺部位。在腹腔镜监视下行经皮肾穿刺,建立F18取石通道取石。 结果 20例患者均获得成功。结石全部取尽,手术效果满意。手术平均时间90min。没有出现出血、尿漏、肾盏颈撕裂和输尿管狭窄等严重并发症。术后平均住院时间5d。 结论 腹腔镜联合经皮肾穿刺取石术可以同时处理肾脏多种疾病。在处理肾盏内结石或肾盏颈细长,肾内型肾盂的患者较腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术容易操作,盏颈损伤小和结石清除率高。是腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术有益的补充和支持。     

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis originating from a functional solitary kidney associated with renal stones

A 60-year-old man was hospitalized because of multiple bilateral renal stones and macrohematuria. The right kidney was not functioning, and the left kidney showed marked hydronephrosis. Left renal stones were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Several months later, squamous cell carcinoma of the treated renal pelvis was diagnosed. Although the patient was treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he died of renal failure.     

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the solitary kidney

We reviewed 53 patients with stones in a solitary kidney who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Previous surgery on that kidney had been performed in 35.8%, and 50.9% had other medical conditions including 26.4% who had impaired renal function. Staghorn or partial staghorn calculi were present in 52.9% and an additional 18.8% had multiple stones. Postoperative complications in 18.8% of the patients included sepsis, the need for transfusion and 1 death of bronchopneumonia. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy alone resulted in a 77.3% rate free of stone or fragments of 2 mm, or less. This rate increased to 86.8% with the addition of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy or open surgery (2 patients). Only 1 patient suffered long-term deterioration in renal function. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe procedure in the solitary kidney. It should be considered in those patients with complex stone burdens and impaired renal function when reduction in stone bulk and improved renal function may allow other treatment modalities to be used.     

输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜术残留肾结石12例报告

目的:评估输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)残留肾结石的效果。方法:利用输尿管软镜治疗PCNL残留肾结石12例,男8例,女4例;平均年龄42.6岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。KUB测量结石直径为0.7~2.6cm,平均1.4cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入输尿管软镜抵达肾盂,寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。观察其手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等疗效指标。结果:本组12例均顺利完成输尿管软镜碎石,手术时间68~116min,平均92min;结石清除率为83.3%(10/12)。1例结石残留患者另作穿刺通道行二期PCNL后结石完全清除;1例术后行ESWL仍有少量结石残留,随访观察。均无严重出血及输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗PCNL后残留肾石安全、有效。     

Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in a horseshoe kidney

A 66-year-old woman had a 22 mm right kidney stone accompanied with a horseshoe kidney. The size of this stone had been increasing gradually from 7 mm to 22 mm during the past 5 years. Although apparent pelviuretic junction stenosis could not be identified by intravenous urography, external pelvis was dilated in both kidneys. Complete excretion of fragmented stones by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy seemed to be difficult because impaired urinary passage from the renal pelvis to the ureter was suspected. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was also difficult due to malrotation of the pelvic-caliceal system and possible interposition of bowel loops between kidney and abdominal wall. Therefore, we chose laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. This procedure made it possible to remove the stone completely with minimum invasiveness. We assume that laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is a safe and effective approach for renal pelvic stone in case of horseshoe kidney.     

Direct pelvic access percutaneous nephrolithotomy in management of ectopic kidney stone: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is an effective procedure for the treatment of patients with large or complex stones. PNL is challenging in anomalous kidneys, certain patients, such as those with renal ectopia. It is unable to undergo PNL in conventional technique safely in these cases. We presented a case report of laparoscopic-assisted PNL via direct pelvic puncture in a pelvic kidney stone and discussed previous published literature. A 49-year-old man presented with right lower quadrant pain and hematuria. Intravenous pyelography and three-dimensional computerized tomography revealed an opaque 2.7?×?1.7?cm pelvis renalis stone in a right side ectopic pelvic kidney with grade III hydronephrosis. Laparoscopic-assisted tubeless PNL was performed to remove the calculus. Laparoscopic-assisted PNL as a minimally invasive therapy in ectopic kidney has many advantages. Our case showed that, in pelvic ectopic kidney with pelvic stones greater than 1.5?cm in size, laparoscopic-assisted PNL via direct pelvis puncture is a safe and effective technique.     

组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜与经皮肾镜治疗肾盂结石的比较

目的探讨组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜在治疗2～3 cm肾盂结石中的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析云浮市中医院2014年4月至2016年4月收治的87例2～3 cm肾盂结石患者的临床资料,分为组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜组（40例）和经皮肾镜组（47例）,对两组手术时间、结石清除率、平均住院时间及并发症发生率进行观察对比。 结果纳入研究的两组患者术前一般资料比较差别无统计学意义。组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜组和经皮肾镜组在结石清除率方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;但组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜组在手术时间,平均住院时间明显优于经皮肾镜组（P<0.05）;而且组合式输尿管硬镜联合软镜组术中出血量及术后发热率少于经皮肾镜组（P<0.05）。 结论组合式输尿管硬镜结合软镜治疗2～3 cm肾盂结石是安全有效的,具有手术时间短、创伤小,康复快,严重并发症少等优点,值得临床上推广和应用。     

Percutaneous removal of caliceal and other "inaccessible" stones: results

Percutaneous removal of renal stones (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) is becoming an established procedure, especially for stones lying free in the renal pelvis. However, some renal stones, particularly caliceal stones, are less accessible and, therefore, more difficult by the percutaneous route. We removed percutaneously 95 caliceal or otherwise poorly accessible renal stones from 53 patients with a variety of techniques, including percutaneous puncture above the 12th rib, double or Y percutaneous nephrostomy tracts, rigid and flexible endoscopy, and intrarenal cutting with diathermy. Intravenously assisted local anesthesia was used exclusively in 89 per cent of the patients. Status free of stones was achieved in all but 1 patient who retained 2 small fragments. The average number of sessions was 1.89 and the average hospital stay was 7.9 days. Complications were minor except for 1 patient who required tertiary renal artery embolization for bleeding. Illustrative cases are presented. Virtually all renal stones can be removed percutaneously.     

X线下Ⅱ期经皮肾镜弹道联合超声清石系统治疗残余肾结石

目的探讨X线定位经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)治疗残余肾结石的临床应用价值。方法2005年7月～2008年11月,采用X线下定位Ⅱ期PCNL治疗残余肾结石90例,其中单侧肾结石81例,双侧肾结石9例。结果76例结石直接完全清除,6例仍有直径1cm残余结石,余8例因建立盏间通道出血,Ⅲ期清除结石。术后无严重并发症,无术后出血及感染症状。90例中失访8例,82例随访3～6个月,平均4.5月,术后无严重并发症。结论X线下Ⅱ期经皮肾镜碎石术是治疗残余肾结石的一种安全、有效方法,具有较高的结石清除率,并发症少。