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功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorder,FAD)是最常见的语言障碍[1],患儿常因语音不清造成人际交往困难和一系列情绪及行为问题。目前国内有关FAD的研究较少,对FAD儿童感觉统合能力的研究尚未见报道。为探讨FAD儿童的感觉统合能力发展水平及其在FAD发生中的作用,我们对FAD患儿和正常儿童进行了感觉统合能力的对照研究,现将结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象病例组:以2005-01—2006-06来我院发育儿科就诊的以吐字不清为主诉的6~12岁儿童为研究对象,符合FAD诊断标准者共38例,其中男35例,女3例。FAD的诊断依据日本听力言…     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate alterations of circulating levels of the inflammatory markers— reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation—in the fetal growth restriction??FGR??fetuses and newborns??and explore its possible relation ship with adverse intrauterine development. Methods??Sixty parturients??hospitalized in Shengjing hospital of China Medical University??giving consecutively birth either to 30 appropriate for gestational-age??AGA?? singleton infants ??AGA group ?? or 30 FGR full-term singleton infants ??FGR group????were recruited.Plasm hs-CRP??PAI-1??S100B and leptin levels were determined by enzyme link immune assay??ELISA??in the umbilical cords blood ??UC ?? and venous blood from neonates on postnatal day 1 ??D1?? and day 4??D4??. Results??The birth weight??body length and the body mass index ??BMI?? of the FGR neonates were significantly lower compared with those of AGA group ??P < 0.05??.The leptin levels of UC in the FGR neonates were lower than that in the AGA groups??P < 0.05????and correlated positively with the birth weights and the BMI??P < 0.05??.Plasma hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05??.hs-CRP levels in Umbilical cords blood were significantly decreased when compared with D1 hs-CRP in both AGA and FGR groups ??P < 0.05????and D1 hs-CRP was significantly increasedwhen compared with respective D4 hs-CRP??P < 0.05??.Plasma PAI-1 and S100B levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05????and did not correlated with the birth weights and the BMI. Conclusion??Despite the lower birth weight??BMI and leptin levels in FGRs?? there was no difference for the levels of inflammatory markers hs-CRP and PAI-1 between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates.The CRP level in both studied groups fluctuated from fetus to neonate stage might attribute to parturition stress and adaptation recovery.     

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目的探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)、常规磁共振成像(MRI)在新生儿低血糖性脑损伤不同阶段的动态变化。方法回顾分析了2005年9月至2008年9月,中国医科大学附属盛京医院新生儿科收治的经MRI确诊的20例低血糖性脑损伤患儿(病例组)的临床资料,并随机选取同期住院MRI正常的20例单纯性低血糖患儿为对照组。结果病例组平均最低血糖值低于对照组(P<0.01),低血糖持续时间长于对照组(P<0.01)。病例组于低血糖发生后3.8(1～11)d完成首次MRI检查,受累部位主要为枕叶11例、枕顶叶8例,顶叶1例,受累部位在DWI均表现为高信号,常规MRI相应部位12例表现为T1加权成像(T1WI)、T2加权成像(T2WI)正常信号,仅6例表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号;11例于首次检查后11.4(8～15)d完成第2次MRI检查,首次检查受累部位DWI7例转为正常信号,4例低信号,常规MRI均表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。3例于6个月随访,提示枕叶DWI正常信号,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。结论新生儿低血糖性脑损伤早期DWI表现为异常高信号的部位,与晚期常规MRI表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号的部...     

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目的探讨氨溴特罗口服液改善毛细支气管炎患儿气道功能的疗效影响。方法将2009年11月至2010年9月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心93例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组(氨溴特罗口服液组)和对照组。观察两组患儿治疗前后潮气呼吸流速-容量环(TBFV)的形态改变以及肺功能各项指标的变化。结果两组患儿治疗前TBFV环均变窄,呼气曲线升枝陡峭,高峰提前,降枝呈波谷样凹陷;治疗后明显好转。两组患儿治疗前各项主要参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿治疗前后比较:呼吸频率(RR)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、呼吸系统阻力(Rrs)、每千克体重功能残气量(FRC/kg)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);每千克体重潮气量(VT/kg)、吸呼比(TI/TE)、呼气达峰时间(TPTEF)、达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)、呼气达峰容积(VPTEF)、达峰容积比(PFV)、呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/呼气峰流速(25/PF)、潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI)、每千克体重顺应性(Crs/kg)均增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。其中治疗组与对照组比较,反映大小气道阻塞主要指标PFV、25/PF、ME/MI及肺顺...     

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??Abstract?? Objective To study the application of ambulatory electrocardiography to screen obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome ??OSAHS?? in children was evaluated by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability ??HRV??. Methods Totally 100 individuals underwent polysomnography and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography simultaneously. Identify appropriate boundary of HRV parameters to diagnose OSAHS by using ROC curve. Evaluate the feasibility of screening for OSAHS by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of HRV. Results SDNNall day?? SDANNall day?? PNN50night?? PNN50day-night and LF/HFnight were significantly different in OSAHS group as compared with non-OSAHS group. Thresholds were set at SDNNall day≤95.5 ms?? SDANNall day≤80.5 ms?? PNN50night≤24.6?? LF/HFnight≥0.845 and absolute PNN50day-night≤24.55 by using the ROC curve. The area under ROC curve ??AUC?? could reach 0.695 by uniting 5 parameters. Conclusion Time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of HRV is a useful method for OSAHS screening.     

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??Objective To investigate the predictive value of lipopolysaccharide binding protein ??LBP?? in early diagnosis of preterm infection with premature rupture of membrane??PROM??. Methods Totally 93 preterm infants with PROM were enrolled in this study?? and were divided into infection group ??45 cases?? and non-infection group ??48 cases?? according to the discharge diagnosis. Their serum LBP levels were detected within 24 hours after birth. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein ??hs-CRP???? procalcitonin ??PCT?? and interleukin-6 ??IL-6?? levels were compared with LBP. Receiver operator characteristic curve ??ROC?? was drawn and the area under the curve ??AUC?? was calculated. Each parameter was evaluated for the diagnosis of early-onset infection in preterm infants with PROM. In addition?? according to the severity of the disease infection group was further divided into severe infection group??21 cases?? and general infection group??24 cases??. LBP levels were detected in two groups of premature infants to assess the value of LBP in the diagnosis of premature infants with premature rupture of membranes. Results The serum levels of IL-6?? PCT and LBP in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group. There was no significant difference on serum levels of hs-CRP between the two groups. The level of LBP in the severe infection group was higher than that in the general infection group?? and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The AUC of ROC for LBP ??0.974?? in early-onset bacterial infection of preterm infants with PROM was the highest?? PCT ??0.694?? second?? IL- 6 ??0.588?? third?? and hs-CRP ??0.478?? was the lowest. Conclusion Serum level of LBP is superior to hs-CRP and PCT in the diagnosis of early-onset bacterial infection in preterm infants with PROM. LBP can be used as a useful index for the early diagnosis of bacterial infection in preterm infants with PROM. LBP levels can evaluate the severity of premature premature infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes.     

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目的了解儿童乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型与临床分度的关系。方法选择甘肃省人民医院儿科和兰州大学第一医院感染科2008年4月至2010年4月门诊和住院患儿中HBV-DNA阳性的124例乙型肝炎患儿,其中男84例,女40例。HBV携带者65例,慢性乙型肝炎59例(轻度31例、中度18例、重度10例),对以上患儿进行基因分型、同时检测肝功、术前出凝血、HBV-DNA载量。结果 124例肝病患儿中,C基因型62例(50.0%),B基因型48例(38.7%),B/C混合型9例(7.3%),非B/C型5例(4.0%);HBV携带者和轻度组中,以B基因型为主,分别为47.7%和45.2%;中度和重度组中,以C基因型为主,分别为72.2%和80%;在C、B基因型分布方面,HBV携带者和轻度组与中度和重度组比较差异有统计学意义;C基因型患者的HBV-DNA载量、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)均高于B基因型;C基因型患者与B基因型比较,凝血酶原时间(PT)延长、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)下降、纤维蛋白原(FIB)减少。B、C型通过母婴传播的比例差异无统计学意义。结论甘肃省儿童乙型肝炎病毒基因...     

小儿化脓性脑膜炎临床和病因学分析

目的探讨化脓性脑膜炎的病因,为诊治提供科学依据。方法收集住院化脓性脑膜炎患儿371例,男252例,女119例;平均年龄(2.67±3.32)岁。对患儿临床表现及血液和脑脊液(CSF)相关参数进行分析。结果 371例中≤1岁患儿占46.36%,<3岁占80.59%,以发热(90.29%)、抽搐(52.56%)等症状就诊。82.21%患儿白细胞计数(WBC)>10×109/L,74.42%患儿中性粒细胞比率>50%,85.44%患儿脑脊液WBC≥500×106/L。血培养革兰染色阳性(GSP)37例,革兰阳性菌(GPB)24例,革兰阴性菌(GNB)13例。脑脊液培养阳性34例,GPB 19例,GNB 15例。脑脊液检测出肺炎链球菌8例,流感嗜血杆菌3例,奈瑟菌1例。死亡7例(1.88%)中,脑脊液2例GNB阳性,5例化脓性/混浊,4例蛋白>150 mg/dl和葡萄糖<1 mg/dl。结论化脓性脑膜炎的发病年龄多在婴幼儿阶段,临床表现多种多样,血液和脑脊液相关参数分析,能较好的提供病因诊断依据,并为临床治疗及预后提供参考。     

儿童化脓性脑膜炎108例临床分析

目的探讨化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)的临床特点,为进行更好的临床治疗提供依据。方法对本院2006年9月—2008年9月收治的108例化脑患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果化脑多数表现典型,但年龄较小的婴儿易出现非特异性表现而延误诊断。脑脊液和血培养阳性49例,以葡萄球菌及肺炎链球菌为主,其中耐青霉素菌株较多,对三代头孢、万古霉素、氯霉素等敏感。应用联合抗生素、地塞米松及对症治疗,化脑好转、治愈率高,但后遗症仍较多。结论对患儿病情进行全面分析并结合脑脊液检查,可早期诊断化脑;采用敏感有效的抗生素、辅以地塞米松等治疗,是好转的关键,需警惕并发症及后遗症的发生。     

新生儿不同病原菌化脓性脑膜炎临床分析

目的探讨新生儿不同病原菌化脓性脑膜炎的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日172例新生儿化脓性脑膜炎患儿的临床资料。结果脑脊液外观浑浊和脓性54例(31.4%);脑脊液培养阳性70例(40.7%),以大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌为主;并发症31例(18.0%),其中脑积水14例(8.1%)。大肠埃希菌脑膜炎组与其他病原菌组、不明病原菌组比较,脑脊液外观异常比例、脑脊液白细胞计数、脑脊液白细胞计数500×106/L比例、脑脊液糖和蛋白水平、发热持续时间、脑脊液恢复正常时间、住院时间和费用、并发症和死亡的比例差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论对于脑脊液外观呈浑浊和脓性,尤其脑脊液白细胞数500×106/L时,需重点考虑大肠埃希菌感染可能,其并发症多、病死率高,预后相对较差。     

伤寒沙门氏菌化脓性脑膜炎1例报告

临床资料患儿,男,3个月。因解稀烂便伴反复发热4d于2004年10月9日晚入院。入院前4d无明显诱因出现大便次数增多,由原来2～3次／d增至3～4次／d,为黄色稀烂便或泡沫样便,初有1次带少量血丝,无粘液、脓液,伴反复发热,体温波动在38℃～39℃间。曾诊断上呼吸道感染（胃肠型）给予磷霉素抗感染等治疗2d后上述症状未好转,转入本院前半天出现阵发性哭闹,吃奶减少,尿量减少,大便次数无增加。起病以来无鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽、气促、抽搐、意识障碍、腹胀等症状,精神、食欲欠佳,体重无明显改变。     

新生儿无乳链球菌败血症合并脑膜炎12例临床分析

目的探讨无乳链球菌(GBS)败血症合并脑膜炎新生儿的临床表现、治疗及预后情况。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年5月收治的12例无乳链球菌脑膜炎新生儿的临床资料。结果 12例患儿中,男女各6例,均为足月儿,早发型4例、晚发型8例,顺产7例、剖宫产5例,母亲均无明显感染病史,亦未行常规GBS筛查。新生儿血降钙素原均升高。头颅磁共振(MRI)可见脑膜强化,5例硬膜下积液,3例脑实质受累。1例单用青霉素,1例应用美罗培南之后降阶梯单用青霉素效果良好,大部分患儿需联合用药。随访20~29个月,1例语言发育落后,2例运动发育落后,其余9例发育正常。结论新生儿无乳链球菌败血症合并脑膜炎病情危重,需及时应用敏感抗生素,必要时联合用药。建议完善产前筛查。     

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目的总结小儿化脓性脑膜炎的诊疗现状,为明确诊断、管理治疗提供参考。方法对2008年1月至2010年4月复旦大学附属儿科医院神经科住院诊治的66例化脓性脑膜炎患儿临床与辅助检查资料进行回顾性分析。66例年龄范围30d至11岁,中位数6个月。其中婴儿47例(71.2%)、幼儿11例(16.7%)、学龄前期5例(7.6%),学龄期3例(4.5%)。采用自定义诊断层面进行比较及总结。结果 66例中有前驱感染者37例(56.1%),有易感因素者6例(9.1%)。根据自定义诊断层面,病原学诊断明确者22例(33.3%)、临床符合诊断者33例(50.0%)、临床可能诊断者11例(16.7%)。原始脑脊液病原阳性率(62.5%)高于治疗后脑脊液(29.8%),原始脑脊液白细胞(WBC)异常升高比例(100.0%)亦高于治疗后脑脊液(91.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。原始脑脊液和治疗后脑脊液相比,糖和蛋白差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后:临床治愈或好转53例(80.3%)、未愈13例(19.7%)。临床治愈或好转者平均疗程21d(范围5～56d)。常见并发症为硬膜下积液、听力损害、脑积水、硬膜下积脓等。结论化脓性脑膜炎仍是婴幼儿最常见的急性危重病之一,结合临床定义的不同诊断层面有助于治疗管理。     

新生儿化脓性脑膜炎并发脑白质损伤危险因素分析

目的探讨新生儿化脓性脑膜炎并发脑白质损伤(WMD)的临床特点及高危因素。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2018年1月收治的诊断为新生儿化脓性脑膜炎的足月新生儿的临床资料。结果 170例足月化脓性脑膜炎新生儿中,32例(18.82%)合并WMD(WMD组),其中男20例、女12例,平均胎龄(38.71±1.14)周,出生体质量(2.94±0.26)kg;另138例患儿未并发WMD(对照组),男80例、女58例,平均胎龄(38.62±1.04)周,出生体质量(2.97±0.25)kg。两组患儿性别、胎龄、出生体质量的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。170例患儿中60例(35.29%)明确细菌病原学诊断,其中革兰阴性杆菌25例、革兰阳性球菌35例。WMD组的洋葱伯克霍菌阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间革兰阳性球菌及阴性杆菌的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。WMD组同年龄组异常脑电图以及听力损害发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。惊厥(OR=5.28,95%CI:1.80～15.56)、脑脊液白细胞升高(OR=4.22,95%CI:1.47～12.07)、脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶升高(OR=3.64,95%CI:1.11～11.99)、细菌培养阳性(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.13～8.62)为足月新生儿化脓性脑膜炎并发WMD的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,脑脊液白细胞(AUC=0.707)、脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶(AUC=0.672)对于预测化脓性脑膜炎并发WMD有一定准确性。结论新生儿化脓性脑膜炎惊厥表现,脑脊液白细胞、乳酸脱氢酶升高可能为并发WMD的高危因素。     

大肠埃希菌致新生儿化脓性脑膜炎31例临床分析

目的：化脓性脑膜炎是导致新生儿死亡、致残的重要病因,大肠埃希菌是最常见的致病菌,通过探讨该病的临床特点及耐药性情况,为早期诊断及合理治疗提供依据。方法：对近10年31例新生儿大肠埃希菌脑膜炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：临床以发热、少吃或拒乳、反应差、惊厥等表现多见。并发低钠血症17例、脑积水8例、硬膜下积液2例、脑室管膜炎2例、脑梗死1例。CRP升高30例,占97%。治愈14例,不良预后12例（其中死亡5例）。2007~2011年大肠埃希菌对常用的青霉素类、头孢菌素类耐药率达50%以上,明显高于2001~2006年。2007～2011年产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株检出率为57%,而2001~2006年未检出产ESBLs菌株。结论：新生儿大肠埃希菌脑膜炎临床表现多样,预后欠佳。CRP检查有较高的早期诊断价值。大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素类抗菌药物耐药性上升最为显著,产ESBLs菌株检出率近年有明显增高趋势。     

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??Objective??To investigate the risk factors of purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion in infants and young children. Methods??The clinical data of the infants and young children who were diagnosed with purulent meningitis in PICU of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All of them were divided into 2 groups according to whether there was complication of subdural effusion. The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results??There were significant differences in hemoglobin??C reactive protein and protein in cerebrospinal fluid between control group and subdural effusion group??P??0.05??. Logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin??OR??0.940??95%CI??0.899—0.998????C reactive protein??OR??1.015??95%CI??1.004—1.028?? and protein in cerebrospinal fluid??OR??2.490??95%CI??1.151—6.315?? were independent risk factors for purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion??P??0.05??. Conclusion??Infants and young children diagnosed with purulent meningitis are with lower hemoglobin. Higher C reactive protein and higher protein in cerebrospinal fluid are likely to be complicated with subdural effusion.