妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊治

近十年,对妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的认识有较深入的进展.新生儿出现中-重度血小板减少以及出血性并发症的几率并不高,但目前试图从众多病例中识别出少数将发生严重ITP的胎儿的无创和有创操作均不可靠,仍是期待解决的关键问题.剖宫产并不减少新生儿颅内出血的危险,建议只用于有产科指征的患者.     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊治

近十年，对妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的认识有较深入的进展。新生儿出现中—重度血小板减少以及出血性并发症的几率并不高，但目前试图从众多病例中识别出少数将发生严重ITP的胎儿的无创和有创操作均不可靠，仍是期待解决的关键问题。剖宫产并不减少新生儿颅内出血的危险，建议只用于有产科指征的患者。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜合并妊娠的临床分析

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少紫癜（ITP）合并妊娠的围产期处理方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1990－1999年间37例ITP合并妊娠的临床处理经验。结果 37例ITP孕妇中阴道分娩16例,剖宫产21例。与ITP有关的围产期并发症有产后出血及产褥感染,发生率分别为8．1％和2．7％。无孕产妇死亡。3例新生儿出现血小板减低,发生率为8．1％。无颅内出血发生。结论 ITP合并妊娠时,如不无科合并症,产妇以阴道分娩为宜;血小板水平极低的情况下,也可在血源充足时行选择性剖宫产;不主张使用干预性措施预防新生儿被动免疫性血小板减少症。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜1例报告

患者，29岁，因停经38周，鼻出血，牙龈出血，皮肤紫癜20余天于2000年7月16日入院。入院时主述头昏、乏力、食欲差、身体磕碰处容易出现紫癜。入院查体：T37．0℃，P120次／分，R20次／分，BP120／76mmHg。轻度贫血貌，口腔粘膜及牙龈出血，全身皮肤散在瘀点、瘀斑，双下肢浮肿( )。产科检查：宫底32cm，腹围100cm，胎位IDA，胎心146次／分，有不规律宫缩。     

妊娠合并重度特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊治

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)是孕妇妊娠期间常见的血液系统疾病,临床表现以出血为主,贫血及感染风险轻度增加,ITP在整体上并不影响母儿结局,但会使出血的风险增加。本文重点就妊娠合并重度ITP的诊治、对母儿影响及孕期管理进行讨论。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜40例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫瘢(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura，ITP)的诊断、处理及新生儿被动免疫性血小板减少症(neonatal passive immune thrombocytopenia，PIT)发生的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析我院1992年1月～2001年8月住院分娩的妊娠合并ITP孕妇及新生儿的临床资料。结果 妊娠合并ITP40例，发生率为3．4‰。其中妊娠合并妊高征7例，产后出血6例，早产5例，妊娠期糖尿病3例，胎儿生长受限3例。孕产妇死亡1例。阴道分娩13例，剖宫产27例。新生儿PIT9例，占28．1％，其中3例为重度PIT，新生儿颅内出血1例，围产儿死亡2例。新生儿PIT的发生与母体血小板计数、母体治疗情况及PAIgG水平无明显相关性。结论 妊娠合并ITP母儿预后较好，新生儿重度PIT发生率较低，颅内出血较少见。新生儿PIT的发生与母体治疗、母体血小板计数及PAIgG水平无明显相关性。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜56例临床分析

<正>妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)是一种常见的自身免疫性血小板减少性疾病。因免疫性血小板破坏过多导致外周血血小板减少,是产科常见的血液系统合并症。血小板严重减少可致内脏出血、产后出血,甚至危及母体、胎儿生命。故妊娠合并ITP     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜处理的进展

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性癜（ＩＴＰ）并不少见,该病主要通过排除其它原因作出诊断。ＩＴＰ 孕妇治疗的重点是预防由于重度血小板减少所致的出血并发症,首先药物为糖皮质激素,其次是静脉注射免疫球蛋白,孕期尽量避免行脾切除术,输血小板只能作作临时性应急措施。新生儿血小板减少的发生率〈２５％,出血者〈１０％,颅内出血〈１％。目前尚无十分理想的方法预测新生儿血小板减少。ＩＴＰ产妇的分娩方式尚有争议：①ＩＴＰ不     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜110例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thromboeytopenic purpura,ITP）的诊断、治疗及其对母婴的影响。方法：回顾性分析1997年1月—2011年4月间住院分娩110例妊娠合并ITP患者的临床资料。结果：阴道分娩68例,剖宫产42例。其中发生产后出血3例,无死亡病例。予以单纯糖皮质激素治疗33例,糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗25例,糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗效果不佳或入院时血小板极低因产科因素需急诊剖宫产予以血小板悬液输注48例。除1例新生儿出生后外周血小板计数＜100×109/L外,其余均在正常水平（＞100×109/L）,无颅内出血及其他血小板减少或相关疾病。结论：妊娠合并ITP时,若处理及时得当,对母婴影响很小。糖皮质激素联合丙种球蛋白为有效的治疗方法,分娩方式由产科情况决定,若无产科指征,以阴道分娩为宜;若治疗无效或血小板水平极低,也可在血源充足时行选择性剖宫产。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜急性转慢性危险因素分析

目的　探讨影响小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（AITP） 发展成慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（CITP） 的危险因素。方法　选择2006年5月至2010年4月于广西医科大学一附院诊断AITP住院患儿138 例,对患儿临床表现、实验室检查、治疗方案等16个相关因素分别进行单因素成组对照研究。对有意义的单因素,再运用非条件Logistic 多因素回归模型分析,以期找到有意义的因素。结果　病程（患儿起病至治疗时间）、O Rh（D）+型血、用含有大剂量丙种球蛋白的治疗方案、血小板上升正常时间都是影响AITP患儿转为慢性的主要因素,而与发病年龄、治疗初用血小板、血小板开始回升时间、性别、有无前驱显性感染、治疗前血小板数、血小板平均体积、血小板平均分布系数、骨髓巨核细胞数、幼稚巨核细胞数、颗粒型巨核细胞数、有无幼稚淋巴细胞数无关。结论　AITP患儿早期治疗时用有大剂量丙种球蛋白的治疗方案是改善预后的关键,治疗时血小板回升正常时间晚、O Rh（D）+ 血型 （相对于A和B血型）是转为慢性的高危因素。     

Predictors of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnant women presenting with thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) are common causes of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. Despite an ever-increasing experience with these disorders, differentiation between the two entities still remains a diagnostic challenge. The current study attempted to identify the antenatal predictors of ITP for pregnant women. METHODS: Between January 1999 and June 2005, a total of 58 pregnant women with a presumptive diagnosis of either ITP or GT were recruited for the study. All of them had platelet counts of less than 100 x 10(9)/L. The predictors of ITP were evaluated by comparison between the two disorders. RESULTS: The detection of thrombocytopenia prior to 28 weeks of gestation and platelet counts <50 x 10(9)/L at its diagnosis remained independently predictive of ITP (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). The combined analysis of these two factors provided a 96.0% sensitivity and a specificity of 75.8%. CONCLUSION: The onset time of thrombocytopenia and platelet count at its presentation remain the strongest predictors of ITP for pregnant women. The combination model using these factors may be useful for the early prediction of ITP.     

Perinatal outcomes and complications of pregnancy in women with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Objective.?To investigate pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Methods. A retrospective study comparing all singleton pregnancies of women with and without ITP was conducted. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2007. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to control for confounders.

Results.?During the study period, 186,602 deliveries were recorded, out of which 104 (0.06%) occurred in patients with ITP. In a multivariable analysis, we found the following conditions to be significantly and independently associated with ITP: hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, and preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation). Patients with ITP had significantly higher rates of preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation; 6.7%vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001) and perinatal mortality (4.8%vs. 1.3%; p = 0.011) when compared with patients without ITP. Two multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with perinatal mortality and preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation) as the outcome variables to control for possible confounders such as congenital malformations, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and maternal age. In these models, ITP was found to be an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (OR = 3.77; 95% CI 1.32–10.78, p = 0.013), as well as for preterm delivery before 34 weeks gestation (OR = 3.01; 95% CI 1.39–6.52, p = 0.005).

Conclusion.?ITP is significantly and independently associated with preterm delivery before 34 weeks gestation and with perinatal mortality.     

妊娠合并血小板减少诊断及处理

妊娠合并血小板减少是指在妊娠期由不同的病因引起的血小板低于正常范围,其中妊娠相关性血小板减少症(PAT)、妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)和妊娠期高血压疾病是其主要病因。妊娠合并血小板减少的治疗关键在于找出病因,进行严密监测,严重的血小板减少症需要接受一系列的治疗,包括糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白的输注等,但血小板的输注要十分慎重,对于血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)的病人输注血小板为禁忌。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜92例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP) 围产期治疗效果及母儿结局.方法回顾性分析我院1994年10月～2003年10月间妊娠合并ITP患者的临床资料,按照第二届全国血液病学术会议制定的ITP诊断标准.显效血小板计数> 100×109/L,良效血小板计数(50～100)×109/L,进步血小板计数比治疗前略有上升,无效血小板计数无变化.观察ITP患者给予糖皮质激素(泼尼松),丙种球蛋白及(或)血小板悬液治疗后的临床效果及其母儿的围产结局.结果妊娠合并ITP患者92例,同期妊娠分娩数为39 078例,发生率为2.4‰.34例伴有妊娠并发症(34/92,37%),其中妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)7例,产后出血6例,早产9例,妊娠期糖耐量低减19例,巨大儿10例.阴道分娩20例(20/92,22%),剖宫产分娩72例(72/92,78%),无孕产妇死亡.对其中68例进行了孕期治疗,单纯糖皮质激素治疗26例,糖皮质激素+丙种球蛋白治疗18例,糖皮质激素+丙种球蛋白+血小板悬液治疗24例.68例患者中,显效42例(42/68,62%),良效16例(16/68,24%),进步8例(8/68,12%),无效2例(2/68,3%).92例患者共分娩新生儿94个(其中2例为双胎),均存活,新生儿出生后外周血血小板计数均在正常水平(> 100×109/L),无颅内出血及其他血小板减少或相关疾病.围产儿死亡2个.结论糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白及血小板悬液是治疗妊娠合并ITP的理想方法,可使患者血小板计数水平升高,产后出血减少,且对母儿围产结局无影响.     

HELLP syndrome in a pregnant patient with a past history of splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Case report

Case: We present a case of HELLP syndrome occuring in a patient who at the age of 8 years had undergone a splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. She was diagnosed as having HELLP syndrome 37 weeks of gestation and had a cesarean section. Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 7 October 1996     

Chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: A case report

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a disorder of unknown etiology affecting the microcirculation of multiple organ systems. Plasma therapy has significantly reduced the mortality rate; thus, an increased incidence of recurrence has been noted. Since corticosteroids, antiplatelet agents, and splenectomy do not prevent recurrences, monthly plasma infusions have been instituted to decrease the risk of recurrence. However, in pregnancy, increase in frequency of plasma infusions to weekly or biweekly intervals has been associated with avoidance of placental infarcts. This is the first report of a successful pregnancy in which bimonthly prophylactic single plasma-exchange plasmapheresis was the treatment regimen with no obvious maternal-fetal morbidity.