医疗机构口腔科如何控制医院感染

针对目前口腔科医院感染事件高发的现状,结合医疗机构医院感染管理监督检查,以及口腔的医护人员、设备、器械的诊疗过程情况,确定口腔诊疗过程中播散传染性疾病的“感染链”,提出医疗机构口腔科控制医院感染的防护、消毒措施和医疗废物管理、医疗机构水污染物排放标准及处理。     

口腔诊疗机构的医院感染管理现状

目的为了较全面的了解本地区基层口腔诊疗机构医院感染管理工作的落实情况以及口腔诊疗设备安全处理方面存在的问题. 方法针对辖区所有基层口腔诊疗机构,依据<医院感染管理规范>制定统一检查表格,采取现场调查的方法. 结果有医院感染管理规章制度的占82.2%;没有医院感染管理制度的监督和落实的占32.2%;有91.4%医疗机构的手机可达到灭菌处理,有60.4%的医疗机构能开展消毒灭菌效果监测,有98.15%医疗机构的医疗器械能达到消毒. 结论基层口腔诊疗机构的医院感染管理工作仍需加强.     

奉化市口腔诊所医院感染管理的现况调查

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,口腔诊疗活动已不仅仅局限于口腔疾病的治疗,也广泛用于牙齿正畸、整形、修复、美白等医疗美容行业。在大量诊疗活动开展过程中,许多经血感染性疾病如乙肝、丙肝、HIV等潜在危险也随之增加,口腔诊疗活动作为医院感染(院感)管理的一个薄弱环节,     

口腔科消毒隔离技术与医院感染管理

《医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术操作规范》的施实,对进一步加强口腔科诊疗器械消毒工作,保障医疗质量安全起了重要作用。我院组织了《医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术规范》条例学习培训,对照本院口腔科消毒隔离管理工作进行自查自纠,要求从事口腔诊疗服务的医务人员正确掌握口腔器械消毒灭菌技术,尽力减少或杜绝口腔科医院感染发生。1存在问题1.1消毒隔离工作重视程度须加强口腔科医护人员对口腔消毒隔离工作重视程度不够,个别口腔科医生未严格遵守医院消毒技术规范、不认真洗手、有时操作时未戴手套等。在检查和治疗过程中牙科手机机头深入…     

口腔医学领域人类遗传资源管理存在问题及对策探讨

目的对口腔医学领域人类遗传资源管理存在的问题进行分析, 并探讨相应对策。方法通过对科技部人类遗传资源事项公示信息中口腔医学相关项目的整理分析, 结合文献和科研管理负责人访谈, 提炼总结口腔医疗机构人类遗传资源管理中存在的问题, 并提出管理对策。结果口腔医学领域人类遗传资源利用活动获批项目61项, 呈逐年增加趋势。其中口腔专科医疗机构为组长单位获批项目43项。口腔医疗机构人类遗传资源管理存在资源开发利用不足、生物样本库亟待发展和资源共享机制待完善等问题。访谈结果显示, 人类遗传资源管理有待完善, 管理部门和专业管理人员的制度建设和培训等方面有待加强。结论口腔医学院校和医疗机构应全面统筹机构人类遗传资源管理, 建立健全管理体系, 加强生物样本库建设, 多途径拓展共享资源, 充分利用人类遗传资源开展研究, 促进口腔医学高质量发展。     

基层医疗机构感染管理现状分析及对策

目的调查了解基层医疗机构医院感染管理现状。方法组织专家检查组对区县社区医疗卫生服务中心及所属卫生站和民营整形美容与口腔诊所等28家医疗机构进行院感专项检查。结果基层医疗机构医院感染管理存在问题主要有院感常识缺乏,消毒剂使用不规范,消毒供应环节稍薄弱。结论需要对基层医疗机构进行医院感染相关知识培训及加强监督管理,为患者提供安全高质的医疗服务。     

口腔科门诊医院内感染规范化管理的实践与认识

为了有效地预防和控制口腔科门诊的医院感染。笔者所在科室从培训医护人员人手，严格按照医院感染相关法律法规进行操作。从而规范了口腔科的医院感染工作，使医院感染工作完全符合《医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术操作规范》、《医疗废物管理条例》等要求。     

口腔诊疗中感染因素及其对策

口腔科疾病的诊疗、操作在医院感染的预防与控制中占有重要地位。在口腔疾病治疗过程中，由于直接接触患者的唾液和血液，感染病原菌的机会很大，如果不彻底消毒极容易造成医源性交叉感染。中华人民共和国卫生部《医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术操作规范》，对口腔科在诊疗工作中医院感染的预防和控制进行了规范。     

口腔科医院感染管理

当患口腔疾病或保健就诊时,诊疗操作或手术会不同程度地损伤口腔黏膜及组织,使口腔内微生物生态环境发生改变,患者口腔中的微生物、器械污染的微生物、以及医师呼出的含菌气溶胶等均可进入口腔创面,导致患者发生感染,通过飞沫、污染锐器刺伤等途径,可使医务人员发生医院感染,因此口腔科成为医院感染管理的重点部门.     

口腔科消毒灭菌效果监测分析

随着医学科学的发展，口腔诊疗过程中有可能发生的医院感染问题愈来愈受到医务人员及社会各界人士的关注。为了进一步加强医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒灭菌工作，保障医疗质量和医疗安全，我们于2004年11月对太原地区16所医院的口腔科门诊环境卫生学及医疗器械等的消毒灭菌效果进行了采样监测，结果如下。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.