阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与心律失常相关性及持续正压通气疗效探讨

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与心律失常的关系及经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)治疗OSAS所致心律失常的疗效。方法:对82例睡眠打鼾者同步进行夜间7h以上多导睡眠图(PSG)及24h动态心电图监测,根据PSG结果分为OSAS组64例和对照组(单纯鼾症组)18例,比较组间最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)、平均呼吸暂停时间(MAT)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低动脉血氧饱和度(mSaO2)、心律失常发生率及发生类型;对18例中重度OSAS伴心律失常患者行nCPAP治疗,比较治疗前后监测资料。结果:OSAS组LAT、MAT长于对照组,AHI高于对照组,mSaO2低于对照组(均P<0.01),OSAS组心律失常发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);并且随着病情加重而升高(P<0.05)。nCPAP治疗后,AHI下降,mSaO2上升,平均每小时心律失常发生次数较治疗前显著减少(均P<0.01)。结论:OSAS与心律失常之间存在显著相关性,OS-AS患者夜间心律失常与低氧血症密切相关,nCPAP可有效减少心律失常的发生。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征并发心律失常临床观察

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)与心律失常的相关性。方法对经多导睡眠呼吸监测仪(polysomnogra-phy,PSG)监测确诊的62例患者行同步24 h动态心电图监测,根据PSG结果选20例单纯鼾症患者对照分析。结果观察发现OSAS患者体重、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、动态血氧饱和度改变及心律失常发生率较对照组有统计学意义(P0.01),OSAS组心律失常发生率明显高于鼾症患者。结论 OSAS患者心律失常的发生与呼吸暂停低通气指数及低氧血症密切相关。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的关系

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者中高血压的患病情况。方法选取90例有睡眠打鼾的儿童,实施多导睡眠监测并同步进行24 h 动态血压监测。按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为(OSAS 组(AHI≥5次/h)和对照组(AHI<5次/h),比较两组的临床血压指数值、高血压的发病率和非杓型血压的情况。结果 1)OSAS 组的体质量指数(BMI)、氧减指数(ODI)和睡眠期间血氧饱和度<92%的时间(TST92%)均比对照组高(P<0.05);2)OSAS 组夜间睡眠时的收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)指数,以及白昼的收缩压指数较对照组高(P<0.05);3)OSAS 组的高血压发病率及非杓型血压情况比对照组多(P<0.01)。结论儿童 OSAS 与高血压密切相关,且是高血压发病的危险因素,血压多呈非杓型改变。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的关系

目的 探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者中高血压的患病情况.方法 选取90例有睡眠打鼾的儿童,实施多导睡眠监测并同步进行24 h动态血压监测.按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为OSAS组(AHI≥5次/h)和对照组(AHI<5次/h),比较两组的临床血压指数值、高血压的发病率和"非杓型"血压的情况.结果 1)OSAS组的体质量指数(BMI)、氧减指数(ODI)和睡眠期间血氧饱和度<92%的时间(TST92%)均比对照组高(P<0.05),2)OSAS组夜间睡眠时的收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)指数,以及白昼的收缩压指数较对照组高(P<0.05);3)OSAS组的高血压发病率及"非杓型"血压情况比对照组多(P<0.01).结论 儿童OSAS与高血压密切相关,且是高血压发病的危险因素,血压多呈"非杓型"改变.     

老年患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征严重性与血压和血糖及周围动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨老年患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的严重性与周围动脉硬化、高血压、糖尿病的关系。方法选择2010年1月~2014年10月北京大学人民医院老年科收治的113例经睡眠监测检查证实且尚未接受治疗的老年OSAS患者,按照睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAS组32例、中度OSAS组33例、重度OSAS组48例;选择年龄、性别、吸烟情况与OSAS患者匹配的40例为对照组。均行颈动脉及下肢股动脉超声检查,24h血压监测,检测糖化血红蛋白等指标。结果与对照组比较,轻度OSAS组、中度OSAS组和重度OSAS组2型糖尿病及高血压的发病率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);重度OSAS组2型糖尿病的发病率高于轻度OSAS组(50.0%vs 28.1%,P<0.05)。重度OSAS组体质量指数、高脂血症及脂肪肝发生率高于对照组[(27.7±3.1)kg/m2 vs(24.4±2.5)kg/m2、68.8%vs 40.0%及56.3%vs 27.5%,P<0.05]。中度OSAS组及重度OSAS组24h平均收缩压、白昼收缩压、夜间收缩压、醒后收缩压、醒后舒张压高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,颈动脉及下肢动脉不稳定斑块发生率与AHI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论严重的OSAS患者更易出现高血压、2型糖尿病、高脂血症,颈动脉及下肢动脉不稳定斑块。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的心率变异性分析

目的 分析探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSAS）患者的心率变异性（HRV）.方法 将71例高血压病患者根据是否合并OSAS分为：EH组（无合并OSAS）37例及EH＋OSAS组（合并OSAS）34例.比较EH组及EH＋OSAS两组之间呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）、夜间血氧水平、HRV频域指标（SDNN、SDANN、PNN50）与时域指标（低频谱、高频谱、LF/HF）的差异.结果 与EH组相比,EH＋OSAS组的夜间平均血氧及最低血氧水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,而AHI则明显升高（P＜0.05）.SDNN、SDANN及PNN50三个时域指标EH＋OSAS组均高于EH组,但差异均无统计学意义.与EH组相比,EH＋OSAS组LF明显增加（1823.3±265.4比1278.5±239.7,P＜0.05）、HF降低（503.2±163.7比783.6±101.5,P＜0.05）、LF/HF显著增加（4.1±2.2比2.3±2.5,P＜0.01）.结论 OSAS使高血压病患者的心率变异性中频域指标受损.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心律失常发生情况及持续气道正压通气的治疗效果

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者心律失常发生情况及持续气道正压通气(CPAP)的治疗效果。方法选取2012年3月—2014年6月在宜春市人民医院就诊并接受治疗的OSAS患者145例,按照OSAS严重程度分为轻度组52例、中度组45例和重度组48例,另选取同期35例体检健康者作为对照组。比较各组受试者最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)、平均呼吸暂停时间(MAT)、夜间平均血氧饱和度(MSa O2)、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)及心律失常发生率。OSAS并发心律失常患者采用CPAP治疗,比较CPAP治疗前后MAT、AHI、MSa O2、最高心率、最低心率及心律失常发生频率。结果 145例OSAS患者发生心律失常82例,心律失常发生率为56.6%。各组受试者LAT、MAT、AHI、MSa O2及心律失常发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,OSAS严重程度与心律失常发生率呈正相关(r=0.304,P0.05)。OSAS并发心律失常患者治疗后AHI、LAT、最高心率、心律失常发生频率低于治疗前,MSa O2、最低心率高于治疗前(P0.05)。结论 OSAS患者易并发心律失常,且随着OSAS病情加重心律失常发生率随之升高;CPAP治疗可有效减少OSAS并发心律失常患者低氧血症、酸中毒等的发生,降低心律失常发生频率。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的心率变异性分析

目的:分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的心率变异性(HRV),探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对HRV的影响。 方法:对118例鼾症患者行多导睡眠图监测,根据呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)分为OSAS组(AHI≥5,n=56)与非OSAS组(AHI<5,n=62),分别观察两组患者觉醒期及睡眠期的心率变异性指标,包括:正常RR间期平均值及其标准差值(SDNN)、正常RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、低频峰(LF,0.04-0.10 Hz)、高频峰(HF,>0.15 Hz)、总频谱(TP,0-0.4 Hz)。 结果:OSAS组觉醒期与睡眠期各项指标均低于同期非OSAS组,均有显著差异(P<0.05-0.01),非OSAS组组内比较觉醒期与睡眠期的各指标差异有显著性(P<0.05-0.01)。 结论:OSAS对心率变异性有较大影响,且在睡眠的不同阶段有着不均衡的影响,这可能是OSAS患者发生恶性心律失常等严重心脏事件甚至猝死的重要原因,应予以积极防治及进一步研究。     

无创正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者心血管疾病发生率的影响

目的探究无创正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者心血管疾病发生率的影响。方法抽取2014年6月-2015年9月我院66例OSAHS患者,通过随机数表法分组,各33例。研究组选用经鼻持续正压通气(CPAP)模式,对照组选用普通氧疗,两组均持续治疗3d。对比治疗前后两组呼吸参数;睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(Sp O2)、平均Sp O2、最长呼吸暂停时间、平均呼吸暂停时间]、心率变异参数;夜间正常呼吸频率间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻呼吸频率间期均方根(r MMSD)、高频(HF)、低频(LF)及LF/HF]、血清炎性因子;白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及氧化应激指标(8-异前列醇素、硝基酪氨酸)水平变化情况,统计两组心血管疾病发生率。结果(1)呼吸参数:治疗前两组AHI、最低Sp O2、平均Sp O2、最长呼吸暂停时间、平均呼吸暂停时间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后研究组AHI、最长呼吸暂停时间、平均呼吸暂停时间低于对照组,最低Sp O2、平均Sp O2高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)心血管疾病:研究组窦性心动过缓、窦性停搏、室性心动过速、复杂心律失常、房性心动过速发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)心率变异参数:治疗前两组SDNN、r MMSD、HF、LF及LF/HF水平对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后研究组SDNN、r MMSD、HF水平高于对照组,LF及LF/HF水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)血清炎性因子及氧化应激:治疗前两组IL-6、CRP、TNF-α、8-异前列醇素、硝基酪氨酸水平对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后研究组各指标水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用无创正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征效果显著,可改善患者睡眠状况及心率变异性,降低心血管事件发生率,减轻炎症反应与氧化应激反应。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与脑卒中的相关性研究

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)与脑卒中相关关系和临床特点。方法筛查1658例年龄≥60岁海军离退休干部,非OSAS 1127例,OSAS 531例,其中轻度OSAS 212例,中度OSAS 239例,重度OSAS 80例。非脑卒中1286例,脑卒中372例。收集多导睡眠呼吸监测结果,分析其临床资料和常规生化结果。结果轻度OSAS、中度OSAS、重度OSAS睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、减氧饱和度指数、平均血氧饱和度及最低血氧饱和度比较差异显著(P<0.05)。非OSAS受试者合并脑卒中149例(13.2%),OSAS患者合并脑卒中223例(42.0%)。其中轻度OSAS患者合并脑卒中64例(30.2%),中度OSAS患者合并脑卒中104例(43.5%),重度OSAS患者合并脑卒中55例(68.8%)。OSAS患者脑卒中发生率明显高于非OSAS受试者(P<0.01)。脑卒中患者高血压、糖尿病、AHI、中度OSAS、重度OSAS比例明显高于非脑卒中患者,非OSAS、轻度OSAS比例明显低于非脑卒中患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。校正高血压、糖尿病等危险因素后,AHI≥20次/h为脑卒中发病的危险因素(OR=3.106,95%CI:1.583~12.571,P=0.001)。结论 60岁以上老年人OSAS发生率较高,且脑卒中发生率在OSAS患者中明显增加,随着OSAS的严重程度呈递增趋势。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.