Epicardial isolation of pulmonary veins with ethanol in open chest dogs

Background  Radiofrequency (RF) ablation has become a widely accepted treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vein (PV) ablation with ethanol and to explore an alternative energy source for catheter ablation of AF.

Methods  Twelve open-chest mongrel dogs were randomized into ethanol ablation group and control group. Both the injections and electrophysiological mapping procedures were performed epicardialy. In ethanol ablation group (n=6), injections were performed to circumferentially ablate the root of each PV (0.2 ml each site, 3 mm apart) with 95% ethanol using an 1 ml injector. In control group (n=6), saline was injected other than ethanol. PV isolation was confirmed with a circular catheter immediately after the procedure and at follow up of 30 days. PV isolation was defined as the absence of PV potentials at each electrode of the circular catheter positioned at the PV side of the lesions, as well as complete conduction block into left atrium (LA) during PV pacing.

Results  PV electrical isolation with complete bidirectional conduction block was achieved with ethanol immediately and at 30 days in 95% of PVs, while saline injection caused only transient conduction changes between LA and PVs. In ethanol group, histologic analysis showed transmural lesions at 30 days. And there was no evidence of PV stenosis or thrombus formation. Mean LA diameter was not significantly different between baseline and 30 days.

Conclusion  Ethanol is a safe energy source to effectively isolate PV in canine model and may be promising in endocardial ablation procedure of AF patients in the future.

     

Pulmonary vein tachycardia after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has been developed to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and the electrophysiological endpoint of PV isolation is the disappearance or dissociation of pulmonary vein potentials (PVPs). Pulmonary vein tachycardia (PVT) is the dissociated PV rhythm with a rapid rate. However, the characteristics and significance of PVT after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with AF remains unclear. Methods From June 2003 to June 2005, a total of 285 consecutive patients with drug refractory AF were included in this study, and they underwent segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) or circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA). PV isolation was the initial endpoint for both approaches with documenting disappearance or dissociation of PVPs. PVT was characterized as dissociated activities within PVs with a circle length (CL) of <300 ms, and was classified into organized PVT or disorganized PVT according to the variance of CL. Systematic follow-up was conducted after initial procedures. Continuous variables were analyzed by Student’s t test and categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Three hundred and fifteen PVs were ablated in 85 patients underwent SPVA approach, 400 circular lesions surrounding ipsilateral PVs (including 790 PVs) were produced in the rest of 200 patients received CPVA approach. Electrical isolation was achieved in all of these PVs. Of these, PVPs were abolished in 89.8% (992/1105) of the ablated PVs, dissociated PV rhythms were documented in the rest 10.2 % (113/1105) of the treated PVs. Among the 113 dissociated PV rhythms, 28 met the criteria of PVT with mean CL of (155±43) ms (2 PVTs in 2 patients received SPVA, 26 PVTs in 18 patients underwent CPVA). PVT was more frequently documented in patients underwent CPVA approach [9.0% (18/200) vs 2.3% (2/85), P=0.04]. During the 6-month follow-up, it was indicated that no significant difference existed in AF free rate between patients with PVT and those without PVT (P=0.75). Conclusions PVT dissociated from LA activations can be documented after PV isolation, especially in patients underwent CPVA approach. However, PVT does not affect the follow-up results.     

Left atrial wall thickness: anatomic aspects relevant to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

Background  The success and complication rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation may be related to regional differences in left atrial (LA) wall thickness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transmural LA wall thickness in various regions.

Methods  We measured LA wall thickness in 36 human heart specimens using calipers at three planes including left pulmonary veins (PVs) vestibule plane, right PVs vestibule plane and the middle plane between the two. In each plane, eight points were selected, including superior, middle and inferior levels at anterior and posterior wall, roof and bottom.

Results  The anterior and posterior wall thickness displayed gradient from superior to inferior level (anterior wall: (2.73±1.01) mm, (2.08±0.91) mm and (1.54±0.69) mm; posterior wall: (1.74±0.68) mm, (1.48±0.39) mm and (1.27±0.42) mm). At the roof, LA wall thickness was thickest in middle plane ((2.01±1.02) mm) and was thinnest in left PVs vestibule plane ((1.29±0.41) mm). The posterior wall thickness in left PVs vestibule plane was thinner than in the other two planes (P <0.05–0.001), and was thinner in right PVs vestibule plane than in middle plane (P <0.01–0.001). Whereas in anterior wall, the wall thickness in left PVs vestibule plane was thicker than in middle and right PVs vestibule plane.

Conclusions  Significant variations exist for mean LA wall thickness at different regions which are often targeted during circumferential pulmonary venous ablation (CPVA). Appreciating these differences may have significant implications in catheter ablation of AF.

     

Ensite NavX三维标测系统指导阵发性房颤的射频消融治疗

目的评价三维标测系统（Ensite NavX）指导下射频消融治疗阵发性心房纤颤的疗效。方法6例反复发作阵发性房颤患者，术中采用Ensite NavX系统结合肺静脉造影建立左心房和肺静脉模型，定位出左右肺静脉前庭开口及其周围呈现出双电位或复合高频电位的靶位点，在环状电极标测下，分别沿左右肺静脉前庭开口进行环状消融，并消融其周围双电位及复合高频电位处，直至双侧肺静脉内电位完全隔离。结果6例病人术后即刻均达到完全肺静脉内电位隔离，所有病人术中均无并发症发生。6例患者术后均未有阵发性心悸发作。1例伴有窦房结功能障碍的病人，未发现窦房结功能异常。结论在EnSite NavX系统指导下的肺静脉前庭环状消融治疗阵发性房颤安全有效。     

RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION OF PERMANENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDER GUIDANCE OF CARTO-MERGE TECHNIQUE

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) to treat permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) under the guidance of Carto-Merge technique. Methods Fifteen male patients with permanent AF underwent RFCA under the guidance of Carto-Merge technique. The mean age was 54.00±10.44 years, and duration of AF was 23.66±14.93 months. Cardiac magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed to obtain pre-procedural three-dimensional (3D) images on the anatomy of left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) before RFCA procedure. Then the electroanatomical map was integrated with 3D images of MRA to form Carto-Merge map that guided step-by-step ablation strategy of permanent AF. Circumferential PV ablation was performed first until complete PVs electric isolation confirmed by Lasso catheter. If AF was not terminated, lesion lines on roof of LA, mitral isthmus, and tricuspid isthmus were produced. Results The episodes of AF were terminated during RFCA in 2 patients, by direct current cardioversion in the remaining 13 patients. Transient AF occurred in 2 patients after ablation on 1st day and 1st week respectively, AF terminated spontaneously not long after taking metoprolol. One patient developed persistent atrial flutter (AFL) in 2 months after procedure and AFL was eliminated by the second ablation. Persistent AF recurred on 1st day, 1st and 5th week respectively in 3 patients, and did not terminate after 3 months even though amiodarone was given. The remaining 12 patients were all free of AF during 2-11 months of follow-up. The recent success rate for RFCA of permanent AF was 80%. Conclusions Carto-Merge technique can effectively guide RFCA of permanent AF. When combined with single Lasso mapping, it can simplify the mapping, lower expenses, and enhance the success rate of RFCA of permanent AF.     

盐水灌注导管电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤

目的 探讨盐水灌注导管电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾阵发性房颤经盐水灌注导管射频消融电隔离肺静脉治疗的病例,观察其手术情况、近期疗效以及并发症,以评价该方法的有效性和安全性.结果 68例发作频繁、药物治疗效果不佳的阵发性房颤患者进行了盐水灌注导管射频消融电隔离肺静脉术,共电学隔离大静脉230根,其中肺静脉208根(左上肺静脉68根、左下肺静脉49根、右上肺静脉49根、右下肺静脉42根),上腔静脉22根.电隔离成功226根,每个患者平均3.4根,即刻隔离成功率为98.3%.平均随访(8.2±3.0)月,(2～12)月,复发6例,3例进行了再次消融术,随访3～6月未见复发;另外3例放弃进一步消融手术;成功率达91.2%.6例复发病例平均在消融术后(8.2±2.8)月复发,但房颤发作频率和症状仍比消融术前轻.术中出现2例急性心包填塞(2.9%),经心包穿刺以及心包引流后好转,1例左上肺轻度气胸(1.5%),胸腔穿刺引流24小时后好转;没有发生肺静脉急性狭窄病例.结论 盐水灌注导管消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤是有效和安全的,它是目前治疗阵发性房颤一种很有前途的消融方法.     

射频消融术在房颤治疗中的应用

心房颤动（atrial fibrillation,AF）是临床上常见的心律失常,且患病率随年龄增长呈逐渐上升趋势.自第一例采用射频消融术治愈房颤以来,消融技术从线性消融到肺静脉的阶段性消融、延伸的环肺静脉消融、左房的线性消融、心脏复杂碎裂电位消融、心脏神经节丛的消融等不断创新,一项新的方法在环肺静脉消融的基础上通过左房后壁来治愈房颤.射频消融在阵发性房颤患者中的成功率较高,而在持续性房颤及永久性房颤患者中效果欠佳,这些患者通过环肺静脉的消融加心房复杂碎裂电位的消融可使成功率得到极大的提高.因此,射频消融是房颤患者得到远期治愈的一种有效且确切的治疗方法.     

Combined use of three-dimensional rotational angiogram of left atrium and circular multi-electrode ablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation

Background  A novel circular pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) has been introduced for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Accurate delineation of left atrium-pulmonary vein (LA-PV) anatomy is important for this technique. The aim of this study was to test whether the 3-dimensional rotational angiography (3D RTA) of the left atrium can facilitate PVI using PVAC technique.

Methods  Twenty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled in this study. The 3D RTA was reconstructed and registered[L1]  with live fluoroscopy in all the patients. AF ablation was performed with a PVAC catheter in the navigation of registered 3D RTA.

Results  The 3DRTA image was successfully reconstructed and registered with live fluoroscopy in all patients (100%). The LA-PV anatomy was delineated clearly in all patients. Navigation of the PVAC inside the registered 3D RTA, ensured accurate placement within the atrium to perform ablation, and the PVAC was correctly placed inside the PV ostium to verify the PVI. All the PVs were isolated. Total procedural time was (87.5±12.1) minutes, and fluoroscopy time was (20.1±6.3) minutes. Follow-up after (7.1±1.5) months showed freedom from AF in 70% (14/20) patients. No PV stenosis was observed.

Conclusions  Intraprocedure reconstructed and registered 3D RTA can clearly delineate the LA-PV anatomy in real-time. The results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of combining use of 3DRA and PVAC in AF ablation procedures.

 

     

Carto merge技术指导永久性心房颤动射频消融

目的探讨Carto merge技术指导永久性心房颤动射频消融的作用和优势。方法用Carto merge技术指导射频消融治疗永久性心房颤动15例。术中用Carto导管标测和构建左心房和肺静脉的电解剖图,然后与术前心脏核磁共振造影的三维图像进行数据整合形成二者的复合图形(Carto merge)。首先在Carto merge的指导下行双侧上下肺静脉环线消融,直到Lasso标测证实所有肺静脉均达到电隔离效果,如心房颤动不终止,依次进一步消融左房顶部线、二尖瓣峡部线及三尖瓣峡部线,如上述部位消融后心房颤动仍未终止,即行同步直流电复律恢复窦性心律。结果15例患者中2例在消融过程中心房颤动自行终止,13例均经直流电复律。3例患者分别于术后24h、1和5周时复发持续性心房颤动。其余患者经1～10个月随访,均维持窦性心律。近期手术成功率为80%。结论Carto merge技术可有效地指导永久性房颤的射频消融,结合单Lasso标测,可简化操作,提高消融手术的成功率。     

非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电隔治疗心房颤动的临床评价

目的:探讨非接触三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉电融隔离治疗心房颤动(房颤)的可行性和临床疗效.方法:28例药物治疗无效或不能耐受的房颤患者.其中23例阵发性房颤、5例持续性房颤.采用非接触三维标测系统(Ensite navX)建立左心房、肺静脉的三维等时电势图和电解剖图,并在距离肺静脉口1～2 cm处行环肺静脉及其周围组织电隔离.消融终点包括:完成所有环肺静脉消融径线;全部肺静脉均达电隔离;阴性诱发结果.结果:28例患者均达到消融终点;手术的总操作时间和X线曝光时间分别为(161.3±23.2)min和(38.0±6.8)min;随访6～17月,20例(71%)无房颤发作;8例(29%)有房颤复发,其中2例因其发作次数及时间均较术前明显减少未再消融,予以可达龙治疗可控制(术前可达龙治疗无效),6例行第2次消融,术中均发现肺静脉电位有不同程度的恢复,第2次术后4例房颤无再发,2例仍有发作但未再消融,予以可达龙治疗可控制.术中及随访期间无任何操作相关并发症.结论:非接触三维标测系统指导下的环肺静电隔离是治疗房颤的有效而安全的方法.肺静脉既是房颤的诱发机制,亦有可能参与房颤的维持.     

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation after an unsuccessful surgical ablation and biological prosthetic mitral valve replacement: A pilot study

BackgroundPatients with mitral valve (MV) disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement and radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedure; however, this combinational procedure restores sinus rhythm (SR) in only 68–82% of the cases. In patients with ineffective surgical ablation, the use of a biological prosthetic valve might not only be a good choice to perform safe catheter ablation procedure in the left atrium (LA), but also provide a way to discontinue administration of oral anticoagulants. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of catheter ablation for AF after MV replacement with a biological prosthesis and an ineffective surgical ablation procedure.MethodsTen consecutive patients aged 48 ± 7 years were enrolled in this study. All patients had long-persistent AF associated with a rheumatic valve disease, which was treated by MV replacement with a biological prosthesis and a surgical RF ablation procedure. In the late postoperative period, all the patients had recurrent hemodynamically significant AF, which required repeated cardioversions. From 1 year to 3 years after the surgery, catheter ablation was performed, including reisolation of pulmonary veins (PVs) with the ablation of ganglionic plexi or linear lesions on the roof of the LA and mitral isthmus. The efficacy was assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure.ResultsRestoration of SR during ablation was achieved in all of the cases. In 6–9 months, all the patients were free of arrhythmia. LA stunning manifested by the absence or decrease of the “A” wave in the transmitral flow and the retrograde wave in the PV flow was observed in nine patients with SR. In five of the patients, LA contractile function was restored in 1–6 months. Prosthetic valve dysfunction was not detected in any of the patients.ConclusionCatheter ablation is an effective method for AF treatment following an ineffective surgical RF ablation procedure and biological prosthetic MV replacement. The use of bioprosthetic MVs allows for performing safe catheter ablation without subsequent prosthetic dysfunction.     

2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Symposium in China

Background CartoXP and CartoMerge have been used to treat atrial fibrillation （AF） for several years. Our randomized prospective study compared clinical outcomes of these two versions of three dimensional electroanatomic mapping system in guiding catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation （PAF）. Methods Eighty-one patients with symptomatic, drug refractory PAF were randomly assigned to CartoMerge group （n=-42, mean age （54.5 ＋ 13.1） years, history of AF = 3.2 years） or CartoXP group （n=39, mean age （59.8 ± 15.6） years, history of AF = 2.9 years）. All patients underwent 64-slice computed tomography （MSCT） 1 to 3 days prior to ablation procedure. Using CartoMergeTM Image Integration Module, 3D anatomical images of the left atrium （LA） and pulmonary veins （PVS） derived from MSCT of CartoMerge group were established and merged with the electroanatomical map. The integrated images were used to guide the procedure of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation （CPVl）. In the other group, CPVl was guided just by CartoXP. The endpoint of CPVl in both groups was abolition or dissociation of pulmonary vein potentials （PVPs）. Results Mapping points to establish the electroanatomical model of the LA/PVs were 48.7＋13.4 in CartoMerge group and 62.5±15.7 in CartoXP group （P〈0.001）. Mean distance between mapping points and the MSCT surfaces in CartoMerge group was （1.59±0.33） mm. Accomplishment of abolition or dissociation of PVPs was achieved 95.2% in CartoMerge group and 92.3% in CartoXP group. Durations of procedure and exposure to X-ray were （156±25） minutes, （179±21） minutes （P〈0.001） and （19.6±7.5） minutes, （28.5±12.8） minutes （P 〈0.001）, respectively. After a follow-up with duration of （11.9＋3.1） months vs （12.4±3.6） months post the first ablation procedure, patients free of AF were 33 （78.6%） in CartoMerge group and 29 （74.4%） in CartoXP group （P〉0.50）. No patient suffered pulmonary vein stenosis,     

导尿管引导双极消融钳技术在瓣膜置换同期房颤治疗中的应用

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换术中应用双极射频消融治疗房颤更安全、简洁的操作技术。方法建立导尿管引导双极射频消融钳技术,观察在163例瓣膜置换同期消融治疗房颤患者中应用疗效,其中,男性55例,女性108例,年龄27～70岁,平均47.6岁,房颤病史均超过1年,最长15年,左心房最大内径45～80 mm,左心室内径43～74 mm,左心室射血分数40%～70%。本技术在常规体外循环下进行,体外循环转流后依次分离左、右肺静脉,先套过普通尿管,再以导尿管作为牵引,引导双极射频钳通过肺静脉后壁并完整包绕肺静脉,先进行左、右肺静脉消融隔离,再进行左侧上、下肺静脉,上、下肺静脉与左心耳之间的消融,缝闭左心耳,经左房或房间隔径路完成瓣膜置换手术,最后进行右心房消融。结果本技术在163例瓣膜置换术同期双极射频消融患者中应用,手术操作顺利,无组织撕裂,无术中意外出血,以及手术后再止血患者,死亡1例(0.6%),其余均顺利出院。结论该技术简化常规双极射频隔离肺静脉的手术操作技术,有效降低常规双极射频方法的手术风险,减少手术并发症,是一种有效的技术方法。     

阵发性房颤患者大静脉肌袖与心房电连接特征的临床研究

目的：总结阵发性房颤病人肺静脉和／或上腔静脉肌的电生理标测和导管射频消融电隔离的结果，评价国人大静脉肌袖和心房的电连接类型和特点。资料与方法：顽固性阵发性房颤患者45例，在环状标测电极指导下行大静脉肌袖的电位记录、分析以及对能标测到袖电位的大静脉进行开口部的点或段的消融电隔离治疗。根据窦律和心房起搏下的肌袖内环形电极标测到的袖电位的激动顺序以及有效放电对袖电位的影响，总结和分析袖房之间的电连接特点。结果：共标测和／或电隔离肌袖115根，其中肺静脉100根，上腔静脉15根。其中呈单束状电连接43根（38％），双束状电连接54根（46％），多束状电连接12根（10％），环状电连接3根，无电连接3根。结论：根据环状电极标测到的袖电位的激动顺序和对放电的反应，提示袖房之间电连接的类型多为单束状和双束状（84％），说明对于大多数肌袖并不需要行环状消融，而只要在袖房连接处行点或节段性消融即可达到完全袖房电隔离的结果。     

灌注超声导管与冷盐水灌注射频导管电学隔离肺静脉的对比研究

目的 :对比灌注超声导管与冷盐水灌注射频导管电学隔离犬肺静脉的效果 ,以探讨灌注超声导管用于肺静脉电学隔离治疗的可行性。方法 :健康杂种家犬 2 3只 ,按不同消融方法随机分为冷盐水灌注射频导管组 (A组 ,n =12 )及灌注超声导管组 (B组 ,n =11)。房间隔穿刺后在环状电极标测指导下分别采用两种导管行肺静脉电学隔离 ,隔离 3 0min后再次评价心房与肺静脉之间 (LA -PV)电传导是否恢复。结果 :A组与B组犬肺静脉电隔离即刻成功率分别为 97. 9% (4 6/ 47)和 78 .6% (3 3 / 42 ) ,B组显著低于A组 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ;3 0min后左心房 -肺静脉电学传导恢复率分别为 71 .7% (3 3 / 46)和 2 7 .3 % (9/ 3 3 ) ,B显著低于A组 (P <0 . 0 1)。结论 :灌注超声导管电学隔离肺静脉的即刻成功率低于冷盐水灌注射频导管 ;但隔离成功后 3 0minLA -PV电传导恢复率也显著低于冷盐水灌注射频导管。     

单中心球囊冷冻消融术后房性快速性心律失常的电生理标测和再消融治疗

目的 对阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)患者行球囊冷冻消融后复发房性快速性心律失常的电生理机制进行初步探讨.方法 连续入选阵发性房颤行球囊冷冻消融后复发房性快速性心律失常、并行再次消融的患者.术中使用三维电解剖标测系统,先对左心房进行电压标测,判断各支肺静脉及肺静脉前庭是否仍有电传导,若有,则行射频消融,完成肺静脉及肺静脉前...     

Linear ablation of left atrium for the treatment of atrial fibrillation guided by double Lasso catheters and three dimensional electroanatomical mapping

Catheter ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) was a topic of electrophy-siological study in recent years.1-4 Linear ablation of left atrium (LA) guided by three dimensional (3-D) electroanatomical mapping (Carto) has been widely accepted by electrophysiologists since the clinical use of 3-D mapping systems in catheter ablation of AF. However, the previous procedures of CPVA were mainly via pure anatomical approaches.5-8 While recent studies showed that complete isolation…     

Early-phase changes of P-wave characteristics after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation

Background Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI),as the basal ablation strategy for treating atrial fibrillation (AF),not only isolates the connection between the left atrium (LA) and the pul...     

Efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation beyond HATCH score

Background  HATCH score is an established predictor of progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to determine if HATCH score could predict recurrence after catheter ablation of AF.

Methods  The data of 488 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients who underwent an index circumferential pulmonary veins (PV) ablation were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 250 (51.2%) patients had HATCH score=0, 185 (37.9%) patients had HATCH score=1, and 53 (10.9%) patients had HATCH score ≥2 (28 patients had HATCH score=2, 23 patients had HATCH score= 3, and 2 patients had HATCH score=4).

Results  The patients with HATCH score ≥2 had significantly larger left atrium size, the largest left ventricular end systolic diameter, and the lowest ejection fraction. After a mean follow-up of (823±532) days, the recurrence rates were 36.4%, 37.8% and 28.3% from the HATCH score=0, HATCH score=1 to HATCH score ≥2 categories (P=0.498). Univariate analysis revealed that left atrium size, body mass index, and failure of PV isolation were predictors of AF recurrence. After adjustment for body mass index, left atrial size and PV isolation, the HATCH score was not an independent predictor of recurrence (HR=0.92, 95% confidence interval=0.76–1.12, P=0.406) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion  HATCH score has no value in prediction of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.

     

不同消融策略治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床研究

目的 研究不同射频导管消融（RFCA）策略治疗阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的临床效果.方法 将44例PAF患者分成两组：①肺静脉电隔离组（PVI）21例,应用Ensite3000 Navx系统和Lasso电极指导下进行环肺静脉电隔离.终点消融为：若房颤发生,在消融过程中房颤终止,且肺静脉电位（PVP）消失,或房颤未终止,但PVP消失 若在窦律下消融,PVP消失.②PVI联合左房线性消融（PVI＋LALL）组23例,除完成PVI外,进行左心房顶部线和峡部线的消融并达到完全阻滞.结果 ①PVI组21例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间189～267 min,X线暴光时间24～51 min,17例患者术中出现房颤,其中9例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外8例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.随访期间发现3个月后有67%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.②PVI＋LALL组23例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间234～297 min,X线暴光时间29～55 min,19例患者术中出现房颤,其中14例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外5例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.左心房顶部线全部达到完全阻滞,峡部线有5例未能达到完全阻滞.随访期间发现3个月后有86.9%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.与PVI组比较,PVI＋LALL组手术时间明显延长,房颤消融后的随访成功率明显增加（P＞0.05）.结论 环肺静脉电学隔离联合左心房线性消融可以明显提高房颤RFCA后的随访成功率.