人白细胞抗原-A*0201限制性丙型肝炎病毒细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位的鉴定

目的 鉴定人白细胞抗原(HLA)-A*0201限制性HCV-CTL表位.方法 基于RANKpep和SYFPEITHI细胞表位预测软件预测结果,选择合成6条候选CTL表位.研究候选CTL表位肽与T2细胞表达的HLA-A*0201分子的亲和力,进一步采用酶联免疫斑点实验(ELISPOT)和细胞内细胞因子染色(ICS)实验研究HLA-A*0201高亲和力肽在HLA-A*0201阳性HCV感染者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中刺激CTL反应情况.结果 在6条候选CTL表位肽中,肽C_181(LLSCLTTPV)和NS2_172(VLQAGLIRV)与HLA-A*0201分子有高亲和力,其亲和力随肽浓度增加而升高.在10例HLA-A*0201阳性HCV-1b感染者每1×105PBMC中,肽C_181和NS2_172刺激后,特异性分泌IFN-γ细胞的斑点形成细胞数(SFC)分别为0～19和0～20.肽C_181和NS2_172特异性IFN-γ+CD8+T淋巴细胞占CD8+T淋巴细胞的比例分别为0.006%～0.065%和0.005%～0.080%.结论 肽C_181(LLSCLTTPV)和NS2_172(VLQAGLIRV)为HLA-A*0201 限制性HCV-CTL表位.     

人类白细胞抗原限制性乙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位研究进展

不同个体在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染后的免疫学和临床转归不同,这与宿主的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigens,HLA)等免疫遗传学背景和HBV自身特性均相关。HLA-I类基因的型别和HBV抗原的序列特点,共同决定某一宿主的抗原呈递细胞(antigen-presenting cell,APC)能     

中国丙型肝炎病毒细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位预测及其多表位疫苗设计

寻求抗HCV疫苗和有效抗病毒药物的探索一直是研究的热点[1].我们应用生物信息学方法,选择HCV核心(C)区、NS3、NS4、NS5等各区的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)表位,进行优势组合,结合中国人人类白细胞抗原(HLA)的频率,设计、合成重组HCV多表位疫苗的基困序列,以达到对CTL表位初步筛选,提高实验成功率的目的,同时为构建多个CTL表位疫苗提供理论依据,为今后HCV疫苗的研究开发积累一定的实践经验.     

丙型肝炎病毒多细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位DNA疫苗诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应

本研究通过构建含有两个丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）表位（Core133-142和El315-322）的多HCVCTL表位DNA疫苗，用其免疫小鼠，研究其引起的特异性CTL应答，以明确由多个HCVCTL表位基因编码直接连接构成的多CTL表位DNA疫苗，其各个HCVCTL表位是否能独立表达，引起各自相应的特异性CTL应答，且多个CTL的联合作用能否能增强总体的CTL杀伤效应，为构建有效安全的多CTL表位DNA疫苗提供理论基础。     

乙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞应答与不同临床感染状态的关系

目的 分析人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-A0201限制性的特异性CTL,研究急性肝炎急性期和慢性乙型肝炎活动期患者T淋巴细胞对特异性抗原表位免疫应答的差异.方法 收集HLA-A0201阳性的5例急性肝炎急性期和6例慢性乙型肝炎活动期患者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISPOT)测定针对HBV聚合酶区(Pol575-583)、包膜区(Env348-357)和核心区(Core18-27)3个CD8+T淋巴细胞表位肽特异性CTL的数量和功能.数据采用t检验.结果 经Pol575-583、Env348-357和Core18-27三条抗原肽刺激,急性乙型肝炎急性期患者组斑点形成细胞数(SFC)分别为110±13、165±17和185±20;慢性乙型肝炎活动期患者组SFC分别为22±4、23±5和30±5,两组差异有统计学意义(t值分别为10.9、15.2和8.0,均P<0.05).急性乙型肝炎急性期患者各抗原肽特异性CTL的应答能力Pol575-5830.05).非特异性HLA-2402限制性Core117-125刺激也出现SFC增加,但与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 急性感染者HBV特异性CTL应答水平显著高于慢性HBV感染者,慢性乙型肝炎患者体内的多克隆CTL数量和功能低下.     

丙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞活性研究

目的阐明丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)在慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染中的作用.方法用标准铬释放法(以从患者肝组织或外周血单个核细胞中经选择性克隆扩增后的CD8+细胞为效应细胞,经EB病毒转染的自身B淋巴母细胞为靶细胞,由能表达HCV1型核心区基因的重组痘苗病毒作为转导载体)对62例慢性丙型肝炎患者肝组织及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中的HCV特异性CTL活性(HCV CTL)进行检测,8例非HCV感染的肝病患者作为对照.结果62例慢性丙型肝炎患者中,共有28例(46 7%)肝组织中检测出HCV CTL活性,但HCV-CTL在PBMC中未检出.对照组患者肝组织及PBMC中均未检出.5例非HCV1感染的丙型肝炎患者检测出针对HCV1型表位的HCV-CTL.HCV-CTL阳性的丙型肝炎患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平及肝组织活动指数均明显高于HCV-CTL阴性的患者,而其血清HCVRNA水平则显著低于后者(P＜0.01).结论1 HCV-CTL主要存在于肝组织内;2存在型交叉性HCV-CTL;3.HCV-CTL活性阳性的患者较HCV-CTL活性阴性者具有较高的疾病活动度及较低的病毒血症水平;4.HCV特异性CTL在丙型肝炎的发病机制及疾病控制中起重要作用.     

丙型肝炎病毒多CTL表位树突状细胞疫苗的构建及体外刺激T细胞应答

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）多细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）表位树突状细胞（DC）疫苗,观察其体外刺激的T细胞反应,为下一步做体内免疫实验提供一定的资料。方法构建和制备出含绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标签的HCV两个CTL表位的重组腺病毒,感染DC,直接在荧光显微镜下或用流式细胞仪检测其感染率;RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测HCV多CTL表位的表达。流式细胞术分析感染前后DC的CD80、CD83、CD86和人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DR的表达,CCK-8法观察感染重组腺病毒的DC促进T细胞的增殖效应。ELISA检测重组腺病毒刺激后的DC培养上清液内白细胞介素（IL）-12及DC和T细胞混合培养上清液内干扰素（IFN）-γ的含量。用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法检测特异性CTL的杀伤活性。结果成功构建含GFP标签的HCV多CTL表位的重组腺病毒,并在DC中表达。重组腺病毒能促进DC成熟,DC的CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR的表达分别为（71.19±3.29）%、（81.21±5.07）%、（91.23±4.24）%、（97.95±5.31）%。感染DC后促进同源T细胞增殖,DC：T为1：10时增殖指数为6.806±0.247。分泌的IL-12和IFN-γ也明显增多,分别达到（193.83±6.25）pg/ml和（111.14±2.09）pg/ml。感染DC刺激的CTL能特异性杀伤转染FL-J6/JFH的Huh-7.5细胞,当效靶比为100：1时,AD1-DC-L的杀伤率为35.99%。结论重组多CTL表位腺病毒在体外能有效感染DC,促进了T细胞反应,为下一步抗HCV的DC疫苗研制打下基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞功能的研究

目的 研究慢性丙型肝炎患者丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的功能及其与临床疾病状态的关系.方法 表达HCV核心蛋白的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-core通过Lipofecta-mineTM基因转染法转染HepG2细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定转染HepG2细胞(Hep-core),经Western blot证实有HCV核心蛋白表达;分离患者外周血单个核细胞,经体外诱导扩增获得HCV特异性CTL(HCV-CTL),以Hep-Core细胞和HepG2细胞作靶细胞,乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测HCV-CTL活性,用酶联免疫吸附法检测培养上清液中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量,以正常人作为对照.结果 慢性丙型肝炎患者组HCV-CTL活性值为(23.9±4.8)%,明显低于对照组(42.6±6.5)%(t=7.22,P=0.011).高病毒载量组HCV-CTL活性值(18.9±4.8)%,明显低于低病毒载量组的(33.7±3.2)%(t:8.22,P=0.003);基因1型患者HCV-CTL活性值(20.8±2.1)%明显低于基因2或3型的(32.4±2.5)%(t=11.7,P=0.001);ALT升高患者HCV-CTL活性值(29.3±3.1)%与ALT正常患者(25.7±3.4)%相比无统计学差异(t=0.93,P＞0.05).慢性丙型肝炎患者培养上清液中的IFN-γ量(957±241)pg/ml明显低于对照组的(3117±673)pg/ml(t=8.87,P=0.001).结论 慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV-CTL活性降低,CTL的免疫功能低下与病毒水平和基因型相关而与ALT水平无关.     

结核杆菌抗原Ag85A HLA-A*0201限制性CD8+ CTL表位的预测和鉴定

目的预测结核杆菌（Mtb）抗原Ag85A的HLA-A＊0201限制性CD8^＋细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）表位,并对其进行鉴定。方法应用数据库SYFPEITHI预测可能存在的HLA—A＊0201的限制性CD8^＋CTL表位,并经流式细胞术分析抗原肽与HLA-A＊0201的亲合力,经时间荧光分辨法检测结核（TB）患者外周血单个核细胞（PB-MC）对抗原肽的增殖反应,再通过细胞毒实验研究抗原肽诱导的T细胞毒杀伤活性,逐步鉴定Ag85A的HLA—A＊0201限制性CD8^＋CTL表位。结果位于Ag85A氨基酸序列7（48-56aa）和5（242-250aa）的表位与HLA—A＊0201分子具有较高的亲和力,并能刺激HLA-A＊0201阳性结核患者PBMC增殖,诱导产生具有特异性杀伤活性的CTL。结论肽7GLPVEYLQV（48—56aa）和肽5KLIANNTRV（242—250aa）是Mtb抗原Ag85A的HLA—A＊0201限制性CD8^＋CTL表位。     

胰岛人类白细胞抗原-A2限制性T淋巴细胞表位体外筛选方法的建立

目的 应用表位多肽与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)Ⅰ类分子结合力和解离率分析建立新型T淋巴细胞表位体外筛选方法.方法 采用基于矩阵算法的SYFPEITHI和BIMAS数据库预测6种胰岛细胞自身抗原[包括谷氨酸脱羧酶65(GAD65)、胰岛素瘤相关抗原2(IA-2)、前胰岛素原(PPI)、胰岛特异性葡萄糖6-磷酸酶催化亚基相关蛋白(IGRP)、胰岛淀粉样多肽(IAPP)、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)]的表位序列,根据预测的结合力指数和已有数据分析筛选并合成15个HLA-A2限制性候选表位多肽.采用HLA-A2转基因的T2细胞检测候选肽与HLA-A2的分子结合力,通过多肽/HLA复合物解离率实验分析复合物的稳定性.采用单因素方差分析进行数据统计.结果 T2细胞肽结合力分析显示,15个候选表位多肽中,IGRP152～160、IGRP215～223、IGRP228-236、PPI2～10、胰岛素B10～18、IA-2172～180、GFAP143～151与HLA-A2的分子结合力＞80%.肽/HLA复合物解离率分析显示,上述结合力较强的7个表位多肽中,胰岛素B10-18、IGRP228～236、GFAP143～151、IA-2 172～180 4 h解离率低于20%.结论 本实验建立的候选多肽结合力与解离率相结合的T淋巴细胞表位体外筛选方法有助于减少研究中目标肽数量,推进1型糖尿病T淋巴细胞诊断方法的研究.     

Identification of two new HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from colorectal carcinoma-associated antigen PLAC1/CP1

Background

To explore the potential application of placenta-specific PLAC1/Cancer Placenta (CP) 1 antigen for immunotherapy in CRC patients, further identification of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from this antigen is necessary.

Methods

We assessed the protein expression of PLAC1/CP1 using a tissue chip and immunochemistry staining in CRC samples. Simultaneously, we predicted four PLAC1/CP1-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides by using reverse immunology methods. Peptide-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses were assessed by an IFN-γ release ELISPOT assay. Effector CD8⁺ T cells lyse HLA-A*0201 CRC cell line SW620 was detected in a granzyme-B release ELISPOT cytotoxicity assay.

Results

Our results indicated that PLAC1/CP1 was highly expressed in 56.7 % (55/97) of adenocarcinomas. PLAC1/CP1 protein expression was associated with CRC tumor differentiation, the tumor/node/metastasis stage, and lymph node metastasis. Two of four peptides showed high affinities in an HLA-A2 binding assay. In 66.7 % (6/9) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CRC samples with PLAC1/CP1 protein-positive expression, these two peptides, PLAC1/CP1 p41-50 (FMLNNDVCV) and PLAC1/CP1 p69-77 (HAYQFTYRV), were immunogenic in the induction of peptide-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses as assessed by an IFN-γ release ELISPOT assay. Furthermore, the generated effector CD8⁺ T cells could specifically lyse the PLAC1/CP1 HLA-A*0201 CRC cell line SW620 in a granzyme-B release ELISPOT cytotoxicity assay.

Conclusions

These results show that the PLAC1/CP1 antigen is a possible prognostic marker of CRC and that PLAC1/CP1 p41-50 and PLAC1/CP1 p69-77 are novel HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8⁺ T cell epitopes and potential targets for peptide-based immunotherapy in CRC patients.     

Analysis of the intraclonal diversity of HLA-A0201-restricted T lymphocyte epitopes in follicular lymphoma idiotype

Lymphoma-derived immunoglobulin idiotype (Id) is a tumour-specific antigen used for antitumour vaccination in follicular lymphoma (FL). However, FL Ids are subject to hypermutation and subclones may escape antitumour cytotoxic T-cell response. To investigate the intraclonal epitope diversity, we sequenced the FL heavy chain gene (consensus Id gene) and subclones of 24 patients. The derived polypeptide sequences were analysed by bioinformatics for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A0201-restricted epitope prediction. Epitopes were classified according to BIMAS and SYFPEITHI scores. Surprisingly in these highly mutated polypeptides, the epitopes concentrated in short hotspots in the conserved framework regions (FRs), both in HLA-A0201(+) and HLA-A0201(-) patients. Similar hotspots have been observed by others in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Ids which in contrast to FL have low mutation frequency. FR3 amino acids 78-88 displayed the best-score epitopes in Ids containing a VH3-family segment, the most represented in FL Ids. Such VH3-FR3(78-88) epitopes were previously demonstrated as immunogenic. Modifications of the epitope pattern in subclones of HLA-A0201(+) patients were generally absent from high-score peptides, including VH3-FR3(78-88) epitopes (83% unmodified). Therefore, no tendency for loss of HLA-A0201-restricted epitopes was evidenced and, given their limited intraclonal diversity, VH3-FR3(78-88) epitopes may provide a useful target for the induction of cytotoxic response in Id-vaccinated FL patients.     

HLA、细胞因子与丙型肝炎发展的相关性研究进展

病毒性肝炎,尤其是慢性病毒性肝炎对人体的危害极大,丙型肝炎作为慢性肝炎之一其危害不亚于乙型肝炎,其主要原因是感染早期临床症状较轻,患者一般不会引起注意,一旦感染后极易慢性化且易转化成肝硬化和肝癌,预后较差。研究影响丙型肝炎转归的相关因素,例如人类白细胞抗原(HLA)等位基因的多态性和细胞因子对疾病的影响,有助于丙型肝炎患者早期病情的控制。     

Glypican-3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by human leucocyte antigen-A*0201-restricted peptide effectively kill hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

Objective: To investigate potential human leucocyte antigen(HLA)-A2-restricted epitope peptides of glypican-3(GPC3) and determine the cytotoxicity of peptidespecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) against hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells.Methods: The potential HLA-A*0201-restricted GPC3 peptides were screened using computer algorithms, T2 cell-binding affinity and stability of peptide/HLA-A*0201 complex assay. The peptide-specific CTLs were generated and their cytotoxicity against GPC3+SMMC 7721 and Hep G2 cells was detected using IFN-g based enzymelinked immunospot and lactate dehydrogenase release assays in vitro.Results: A total of six peptides were identified for bindings to HAL-A2 and the GPC3522–530 and GPC3 229–237 peptides with HLA-A*0201 molecules displayed high binding affinity and stability. The CTLs induced by the GPC3 522–530 or positive control GPC3 144–152 peptide responded to the peptide by producing IFN-g, which were abrogated by treatment with anti-HLA-A2 antibody. The GPC3 522–530-specific CTLs responded to and killed SMMC 7721 and Hep G2 cells, instead of GPC3-silenced SMMC7721 or Hep G2 cells. GPC3 522–530-specific CTLs response to HCC cells was blocked by anti-HLA-A2 antibody.Conclusions: The GPC3 522–530 peptide contains antigen-determinant and its specific CTLs can effectively kill HCC in a HLA-A2-restricted and peptide-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that this peptide may be valuable for development of therapeutic vaccine.     

Selective ex vivo expansion of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes using dendritic cells pulsed with a human leucocyte antigen A*0201-restricted peptide

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo-generated cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T lymphocytes may be effective in preventing CMV disease in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We developed a procedure for expansion of CMV-specific T lymphocytes based on the antigen-presenting function of donor dendritic cells (DCs), pulsed with a human leucocyte antigen A*0201-restricted pp65 nonamer peptide. CMV-specific T lymphocytes were identified following induction of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion prompted by peptide exposure. Both CD8+ and CD4+ CMV-specific T lymphocytes were selectively produced in these cultures and showed CMV-restricted cytotoxicity. The simultaneous and selective expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ CMV-specific lymphocytes might be instrumental for more efficient in vivo function of infused CMV-specific lymphocytes.     

Identification of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0201‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from HLA‐DOβ as a novel target for multiple myeloma

Despite the recent development of effective therapeutic agents against multiple myeloma (MM), new therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapies, remain to be developed. Here we identified novel human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0201 (HLA‐A2)‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from a B cell specific molecule HLA‐DOβ (DOB) as a potential target for MM. By DNA microarray analysis, the HLA‐DOB expression in MM cells was significantly higher than that in normal plasma cells. Twenty‐five peptides were predicted to bind to HLA‐A2 from the amino acid sequence of HLA‐DOB. When screened for the immunogenicity in HLA‐A2‐transgenic mice immunized with HLA‐DOB cDNA, 4 peptides were substantially immunogenic. By mass spectrometry analysis of peptides eluted from HLA‐A2‐immunoprecipitates of MM cell lines, only two epitopes, HLA‐DOB_232–240 (FLLGLIFLL) and HLA‐DOB_185–193 (VMLEMTPEL), were confirmed for their physical presence on cell surface. When healthy donor blood was repeatedly stimulated in vitro with these two peptides and assessed by antigen‐specific γ‐interferon secretion, HLA‐DOB_232–240 was more immunogenic than HLA‐DOB_185–193. Additionally, the HLA‐DOB_232–240‐specific CTLs, but not the HLA‐DOB_185–193‐specific CTLs, displayed an major histocompatibility complex class I‐restricted reactivity against MM cell lines expressing both HLA‐A2 and HLA‐DOB. Taken together, based on the physical presence on tumour cell surface and high immunogenicity, HLA‐DOB_232–240 might be useful for developing a novel immunotherapy against MM.     

HLA-B*35-restricted CD8 T cell epitopes in the antigen 85 complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Few target epitopes have been described for human CD8 T lymphocytes in antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By use of a reverse immunogenetics approach, 23 motif-bearing peptides of the Ag85 complex were tested for binding to HLA-B*35, one of the common B-types in West Africa. Three 9-mer peptides bound with high affinity to HLA-B*3501 and displayed low dissociation rates of peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). IC(50) and half-life values of peptide-MHC class I complexes were in the same range as reported earlier for other immunogenic peptides. Immune responses against peptide Ag85C (aa 204-212) WPTLIGLAM were characterized in detail. Peptide-stimulated effector cells were able to kill macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis or bacille Calmette-Guérin. Peptide-specific CD8 T cells could be visualized by using HLA-B*3501 tetramers and were shown to produce interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Together with other published epitopes, these peptides can be used to study more closely the role of CD8 T cells in mycobacterial infection and tuberculosis.     

Identification of vaccinia virus epitope-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted T cells and comparative analysis of smallpox vaccines

Despite worldwide eradication of naturally occurring variola virus, smallpox remains a potential threat to both civilian and military populations. New, safe smallpox vaccines are being developed, and there is an urgent need for methods to evaluate vaccine efficacy after immunization. Here we report the identification of an immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope that is recognized by cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells and conserved among Orthopoxvirus species including variola virus. This finding has permitted analysis and monitoring of epitope-specific T cell responses after immunization and demonstration of the identified T cell specificity in an A*0201-positive human donor. Vaccination of transgenic mice allowed us to compare the immunogenicity of several vaccinia viruses including highly attenuated, replication-deficient modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). MVA vaccines elicited levels of CD8(+) T cell responses that were comparable to those induced by the replication-competent vaccinia virus strains. Finally, we demonstrate that MVA vaccination is fully protective against a lethal respiratory challenge with virulent vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve. Our data provide a basis to rationally estimate immunogenicity of safe, second-generation poxvirus vaccines and suggest that MVA may be a suitable candidate.