内淋巴囊瘤的临床病理及分子遗传学研究二例

例1女,33岁.因进行性听力障碍、眩晕和头痛1年于2009年3月24日人院.患者的母亲和姐姐均有血管母细胞瘤病史.MRI检查示一4.5 cm×3.8 cm×3.5 cm肿块位于右侧桥小脑角,并破坏小脑.T1、T2呈混杂性信号,增强后,T1呈不均匀强化.CT示右侧岩骨及中耳结构广泛破坏.影像科诊断为颈静脉球瘤可能.对患者进行肿瘤全切除,术中见肿块血供丰富,骨质破坏,术后复查CT无肿瘤组织残余.     

内淋巴囊瘤的临床病理及分子遗传学研究二例

例1女,33岁.因进行性听力障碍、眩晕和头痛1年于2009年3月24日人院.患者的母亲和姐姐均有血管母细胞瘤病史.MRI检查示一4.5 cm×3.8 cm×3.5 cm肿块位于右侧桥小脑角,并破坏小脑.T1、T2呈混杂性信号,增强后,T1呈不均匀强化.CT示右侧岩骨及中耳结构广泛破坏.影像科诊断为颈静脉球瘤可能.对患者进行肿瘤全切除,术中见肿块血供丰富,骨质破坏,术后复查CT无肿瘤组织残余.     

异时性乳腺和腹膜外双原发恶性肿瘤一例

患者女,47岁。右上腹隐痛1个月于2004年10月21日第一次入院,门诊彩超示胰头右侧、右肾前方5.9cm×5.3cm×6.4cm的实性团块,剖腹探查术中见肿块位于右侧腹膜外,边界尚清楚,腹膜光滑,未见侵犯,周围脂肪组织未见肿瘤浸润。术后患者恢复良好,2005年4月、7月两次来院复查均未见肿瘤复发及转移。2005年10月27日患者因右乳腺无痛性肿物4个月再次入院。彩超示右侧乳腺内上象限低回声肿块,约2.6cm×1.3cm×1.7cm,形态不规则,与正常组织呈锯齿状镶嵌,肿瘤内血供丰富,并见数个直径约1~2mm的钙化斑,右腋窝探及多个排列成串的淋巴结。病理检查:第一次手术…     

颅后窝间叶性软骨肉瘤

1　临床资料患者男性 ,4 1岁 ,因进行性头痛半年 ,出现面瘫及吞咽困难 3个月 ,于 2 0 0 2年 12月就诊。体检 :左耳后包块 2cm× 2cm× 2cm ,表面皮肤无溃烂。CT扫描检查见肿瘤主要位于颅后窝 ,左颞岩部骨质破坏。术中所见 :左颅后窝肿块5cm× 5cm× 5cm ,呈鱼肉状伴有钙化。肿块与硬脑膜相连 ,周围骨组织广泛破坏 ,部分肿瘤侵及颅外肌肉内。2　病理观察2 .1　眼观　送检灰白碎组织一堆 3cm× 3cm× 3cm ,切面灰白 ,鱼肉状 ,内含少量钙化组织。2 .2　镜检　在软骨岛间 ,可见形态较一致未分化的 ,呈瘤细胞小圆形及小梭形 ,核深染 ,核仁不清 ,…     

睾丸原发性类癌1例报道及文献复习

1材料与方法患者,34岁,偶感右侧阴囊部坠胀不适6天,自查发现右侧睾丸明显较左侧睾丸大,而且较左侧硬。B超示右侧睾丸实质性占位性肿块;CT示右侧睾丸增大,实质性占位,考虑为肿瘤。体检:右侧阴囊皮肤无红肿,右侧睾丸大小5cm×3.8cm,质地较硬,无压痛;肛门、前列腺未见异常,腹股沟淋巴结及全身体表淋巴结未触及肿大。临床诊断:右侧睾丸肿瘤,行右侧睾丸切除术。术中见右侧睾丸内肿块3.1cm×2.8cm,质地较硬。标本经常规石蜡切片,HE染色,并做PCK、NSE、CgA、Syn、PLAP、vimentin和AFP免疫组化(S P法)标记。2病理检查2.1眼观右侧肿大的睾…     

椎体肿物

1.病例简介:患者女,30岁.主因"胸背部疼痛1个月,加重1周"于2006年11月20日入住本院.1个月前无明显诱因出现胸背部疼痛,近1周症状逐渐加重,下床活动疼痛明显,卧床后可缓解,在外院就诊,行相关辅助检查后发现T12椎体病变,随后来我院住院诊治.胸椎CT检查:T12,椎体病变:右侧横突、双侧椎板、棘突等可见骨质破坏(图1).骨扫描:T12椎体异常浓聚.遂行手术治疗,手术中见:T11右侧附件、T12双侧附件及T12右侧方被肿物侵犯,向右侧方延伸包绕肋骨形成10 cm×6 cm大小软组织肿块,肿块质韧,色黄.行前后联合T12肿瘤切除,内固定术.术后随访2年无复发及转移征象.     

胸骨后甲状腺癌1例

患者,男,42岁,胸锁关节处肿块4年伴疼痛就诊入院。15年前因甲状腺腺瘤行右甲状腺次全切除术。体检:前胸壁胸锁关节处皮肤隆起约8cm×6cm×3cm,质硬、光滑、较固定,触痛。X线示:胸骨右侧胸锁关节处占位致密类圆形阴影。术中见:肿块位胸骨前紧贴右胸锁关节处。肿块包膜完整,约9cm×8cm×7cm大小,肿瘤侵蚀并穿透胸骨,与纵隔轻发粘连。切除胸骨及肿瘤送检。病理检查:送检灰白及褐色不整形胸骨及肿物约12cm×7cm×7cm大小,肿物近上端呈鼓棰状约8cm×     

肾盂淋巴上皮癌一例

患者女,45岁.无痛性肉眼血尿3 d于2007年3月21日入院.B超示右侧肾盂内低回声占位性病变,右肾盂积水.CT示右侧肾盂内可见一软组织肿块,大小约3.1 cm×3.7 cm,边缘光整,肿块向下生长至右侧输尿管,右侧肾盂肾盏稍扩张,考虑肾盂恶性肿瘤,累及输尿管,并伴轻度肾积水.入院后行右肾盂肿瘤根治术.     

真两性畸形伴成熟性畸胎瘤恶变一例

患者男,30岁。因自觉下腹部肿物逐渐增大3个月于2006年2月入院。体检:下腹部可扪及质硬肿块,约18cm×17cm大小,右侧睾丸缺如,左侧睾丸约2cm×2cm×1cm,位于腹股沟外口处。患者外生殖器为男性表型,第二性征亦为男性表型。B超示:腹盆腔可见自脐周至盆腔17cm×14cm×10cm低回声区,边界清楚,回声不均匀(图1)。螺旋CT示:盆腔巨大密度不均匀肿物影,向上突向腹腔达脐上方水平,增强后呈不均匀强化,约18.0cm×17.0cm×9.6cm,与邻近肠管及右髂动脉区血管分界不清。右侧睾丸显示不明确,左侧阴囊区结节样影。左髂动脉血管区结节影,约2.4cm×1.8cm,与邻…     

颅骨多发性血管肉瘤一例

患者男, 51岁。因外伤检查头颅CT意外发现后颅 (颅骨来源)肿瘤,左侧枕骨鳞部呈相邻的两个膨胀性骨质破坏病灶,边缘清楚。头颅正侧位X片也见相应部位的骨质破坏区。磁共振成像(MRI)发现左侧枕骨鳞部及横窦上方枕骨、颞骨后部共 4处多发病灶 (图 1 ),最大者 4 5cm×3 0cm×2 5cm,最小者 2 4cm×1 5cm×0 5cm,表现为略长T1长T2信号,强化明显。诊断考虑为左枕、颞骨多发占位病变,脑膜瘤可能。保守治疗 (中药 )半年后复查,发现肿瘤较前有明显增大。遂于 2003年 7月 8日住入我科。体检:一般情况良好,颈枕部等未触及皮下肿块及浅表淋巴结肿…     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.