血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤

Hisiuk(1960年)最早提出用可脱性球囊血管内阻塞颅内动脉瘤,但未能应用于临床。Fogarty(1963年)用不可脱性球囊导管血管内闭塞动脉瘤及载瘤动脉。自从Serbinenko(1974年)首次报告用可脱性球囊导管血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤及其它脑血管疾病以后,由Deb-run,Taki,Berenstein,Hieshima等对球囊、球囊内充     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的手术时机、治疗方法、并发症及其预防措施。方法回顾性分析2009年7月~2012年7月在我院行颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗患者40例临床资料。另选同期进行开颅夹闭手术患者40例进行比较。结果经数字减影血管造影（DSA）检测结果显示,观察组与对照组在动脉瘤栓塞程度、术后并发症和随访结果上比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效切实可靠,安全、有效、微创,预后好,早期手术和及时术后处理是降低致残率、致死率的重要方法。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后再出血危险因素研究进展

再出血是颅内破裂动脉瘤最危险的并发症,虽然发生率非常低,但是预后极差,病死率高,需引起高度重视。本文分析了近年与之相关的国内外文献,综合分析了颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后再出血的相关危险因素和机制,以及降低再出血率的措施。     

血管内介入治疗颅内动脉瘤的现状及进展

颅内动脉瘤是神经外科常见疾病，死亡的主要原因为出血及早期并发症。随着血管内介入治疗的日趋成熟，越来越多的医师开始选择这种微创、有效的方法。     

颅内动脉瘤的手术夹闭及血管内栓塞治疗

目的　探讨手术夹闭及血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的适应证和治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析我科 1992～ 2 0 0 3年收治的 345例颅内动脉瘤患者的术前状况、动脉瘤的大小、形状、部位、治疗效果及脑血管造影 (DSA)的随访结果。结果　 2 36例行开颅夹闭手术 ,2 1例出现各种术后并发症 ,6例因术后出血再次手术 ;死亡 9例 ;87例术后 3个月或 6个月DSA复查 ,其中 3例因动脉瘤夹移位而再次手术夹闭。 10 3例行血管内栓塞治疗 ,4例出现一过性偏瘫或失语 ,经保守治疗后消失 ;6 3例不同时期DSA随访 ,6 2例动脉瘤栓塞良好 ,未再显影 ,1例动脉瘤复发 ,再次栓塞。 6例保守治疗 ,自动出院。结论　手术夹闭适合于动脉瘤位于前循环、因血管痉挛或解剖原因微导管不能到位的、瘤体小于 3mm动脉瘤 ;动脉瘤破裂发生危及生命的颅内血肿者 ,应手术清除血肿 ,同时夹闭动脉瘤。血管内栓塞适合大多数动脉瘤 ,尤为适合于动脉瘤位于后循环动脉瘤 ,随着Remodeling技术和颅内血管支架的应用 ,宽颈动脉瘤适合血管内栓塞 ,适应证越来越宽。对于两种方法的治疗效果的比较缺乏大宗病例的长期随访。     

微弹簧圈血管内介入治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的总结颅内动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的经验,探讨微弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的技巧、效果及相关并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析我院介入治疗颅内动脉瘤31例,32个动脉瘤的临床资料,其中单纯用弹簧圈栓塞25例,宽颈动脉瘤球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞4例,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞1例,载瘤动脉闭塞1例。结果栓塞程度:致密栓塞27例,疏松栓塞3例,闭塞载瘤动脉1例;术中动脉瘤破裂3例,术后完全康复22例,不同程度神经功能障碍8例,死亡1例。结论电解脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤,具有微创、安全、效果可靠等优点。选择合适的技术和方法,对提高栓塞率,减少并发症具有重要的意义。     

GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和技术要点。方法 对31例动脉瘤患者应用微导管技术,通过数字减影全脑血管造影,采用GDC作动脉瘤囊内填塞治疗。结果 31例31枚动脉瘤中28枚瘤腔完全闭塞,3枚95％闭塞。术后30例临床痊愈;1例死亡;病死率3．2％。术中并发动脉瘤再破裂出血1例;术后弹簧圈末端逸出1例。术后随访0．5～3年均无再出血。结论 GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效可靠,早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期血管内栓塞治疗

闭塞颅内动脉瘤的方式主要有开颅动脉瘤夹闭和血管内栓塞治疗,随着血管内介入技术的提高和栓塞材料及设备的改进,颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗所占比例有增多的趋势。以下通过回顾性分析比较栓塞和手术夹闭治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果,评价栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期治疗中的应用。     

颅内动脉瘤显微手术与血管内介入治疗疗效比较

目的 比较颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术与血管内介入治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析颅内动脉瘤行血管内介入和显微手术治疗各54例患者资料,比较两组术后恢复良好率、GOS评分、并发症发生率、平均住院时间.结果 根据GOS评分,介入治疗组术后恢复良好、轻残、重残、植物生存、死亡分别为41例、6例、4例、2例、1例,而显微手术组分别为39例、8例、5例、1例、1例.介入治疗组、显微手术组的并发症分别为5例（9.26％）、6例（占11.1％）,平均住院时间分别为（8.2±0.9）d、（8.3±1.0）d.两组术后恢复良好率、GOS评分、并发症发生率、平均住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 血管内介入与显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效无明显差异,应根据不同病情选择更有效的治疗方法.     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤经验。方法 股动脉Seldinger穿刺,先后应用MagicBD,Tracker-16,Tracker-10和Cordis 3F/2.5F微导管,送入球囊、不同长度的国产、进口游离微弹簧圈,配用MDS、GDC系统送入不同长度微弹簧圈、治疗颅内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例、后交通动脉瘤1例、颈内动脉C2段动脉瘤3例、椎动脉颅内段动脉瘤3例、大脑后动脉瘤P2段动脉瘤1例,治疗颅内动脉C3－4段假性动脉瘤5例。结果 本组无1例死亡。球囊闭塞颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例均痊愈,无并发症;微弹簧圈栓塞治疗动脉瘤栓塞达100％者9例、95％者2例,其中1例因血管痉挛遗留轻瘫,1例因MDS到位后不能顺利解脱导致部分脱垂于颈内动脉和大脑中动脉2cm,遗留轻瘫;5例假性动脉瘤完全治愈;闭塞载瘤动脉及动脉瘤的2例椎动脉完全治愈。结论 颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤只要前、后交通动脉侧支循环代偿良好,可脱球囊闭塞载瘤动脉是安全有效的。微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种有发展前途的治疗方法。     

Endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in elderly people

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular detachable coil is being increasingly used for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms but little information is available about its feasibility and effectiveness in people. We assessed clinical outcomes in elderly patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with selective embolization. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002, 68 patients aged 65-80 years (mean age, 71 years) were treated by selective embolization with coils. Among them, 34 had a Hunt and Hess (HH) grade of I or II; 15, an HH grade of III; and 19, an HH grade of IV or V. All patients except four were treated within 72 hours after initial bleeding; those four patients had an HH grade of IV or V and were treated at 3-6 weeks after their clinical recovery. Clinical outcomes were assessed by using the Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale. Mean duration of follow-up was 20 months (range, 6-36 months). RESULTS: Endovascular treatment resulted in 47 complete occlusions (69%), 15 neck remnants (22%), and six incomplete occlusions (9%). Procedural complications occurred in eight patients (12%). Outcomes were good or excellent in 40 patients (59%), including the four treated 3-6 weeks after initial bleeding. A fair or poor outcome was observed in 14 patients (20.5%), including two with an HH grade of I or II. Of 14 patients (20.5%) who died, 13 (93%) had an HH grade of IV or V. No rebleeding occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Endosaccular coiling may be proposed in elderly people with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. However, in patients with HH grade IV or V lesions, morbidity and mortality rates remain high, and embolization should be considered only after their clinical recovery.     

Endovascular therapeutic strategies in ruptured intracranial aneurysms

The aim of the present study was to evaluate endovascular techniques used currently which were not available at the time of ISAT inclusion period, such as balloon remodelling and flow-divertion, in order to assess whether these new technologies have improved the endovascular approach outcomes.     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗技术探讨

目的 探讨介入栓塞术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤技术要点,并评估此技术的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年6月采用介入栓塞术治疗的30例共36枚颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床、影像学、操作技术和随访资料,其中24枚动脉瘤接受单纯弹簧圈填塞,5枚接受球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞,7枚接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞.结果 术中出现动脉瘤破裂出血2例,死亡1例.术后即刻造影显示,36枚颅内微小动脉瘤中22枚(61.1％)达到致密填塞,14枚(38.9％)非致密填塞.25枚动脉瘤获得3～24个月随访,22枚完全闭塞,1枚留有残颈无变化;患者无再出血,未出现弹簧圈移位和载瘤动脉血栓栓塞事件.结论 采用介入栓塞术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤是安全有效的,操作中不必刻意追求致密填塞.     

Endovascular repair of ruptured saccular aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta

Open repair of ruptured aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) is associated with early mortality rates of 20%-60% and severe morbidity rates exceeding 40%. The present report describes three octogenarian patients and one sexagenarian patient at poor surgical risk admitted with acutely ruptured saccular DTA aneurysms (two of four were anastomotic) unrelated to trauma or infection who underwent successful endovascular therapy, which involved the use of aortic endovascular cuffs in three cases. Mean intensive care unit and total hospital stay durations were 1.75 days (range, 1-4 d) and 6 days (range, 3-13 d), respectively. At 30 days, all patients were alive and free of repeat intervention, with aneurysm exclusion achieved in all cases but one, which featured a marginal type II endoleak. These data support endovascular therapy for ruptured saccular DTA aneurysms enabling short-term outcomes that otherwise would have been unrealistic.     

Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial aneurysms are common, with an overall frequency ranging from 0.8% to 10%. Because prognosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still very poor, treatment of unruptured aneurysms, either neurosurgically or endovascularly, has been advocated. However, risk of rupture and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage needs to be considered against the risks of elective treatment. We analyzed the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of a consecutive series of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: From July 1997 through December 2000, a total of 76 patients with 82 unruptured cerebral aneurysms were treated at our institution. Endovascular treatment was administered to 39 consecutive patients with a total of 42 unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Thirty-six aneurysms were treated with an endovascular technique; in six patients, the parent artery was occluded to eliminate aneurysmal perfusion. Aneurysms were located either in the anterior (n = 31) or posterior (n = 11) circulation. Eight patients had experienced previous subarachnoid hemorrhage from other aneurysms and were treated electively after complete rehabilitation. Ten patients had neurologic symptoms; in 21 patients, the aneurysm was an incidental finding. Eighteen aneurysms were small (0-5 mm), 11 were medium (6-10 mm), nine were large (11-25 mm), and four were giant (> 25 mm). Occlusion rate was categorized as complete (100%), subtotal (95-99%), and incomplete (< 95%) obliteration. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was technically feasible for 38 of 42 aneurysms. Complete (100%) or nearly complete (95-99%) occlusion was achieved in 34 of 38 aneurysms. In four aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, only incomplete (< 95%) occlusion was achieved. All patients except one with mild neurologic deficits according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and one with mild memory dysfunction but no focal neurologic deficit achieved good recovery, resulting in a morbidity rate of 4.8% and a mortality rate of 0%. CONCLUSION: Endovascular embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is an effective therapeutic alternative to neurosurgical clipping and is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular treatment should be considered.     

Endovascular treatment of peripheral intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Distally located cerebral aneurysms are difficult to treat with preservation of the parent vessel. We report the angiographic results and clinical outcome for 27 patients with peripheral cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2005, 27 patients, 13 female and 14 male, presented to our institution with peripheral intracranial aneurysms and were treated endovascularly. None of these aneurysms were mycotic in origin. The age of our patients ranged from 23 to 76 years with a mean age of 53. Twenty of the 27 patients had subarachnoid and/or intracerebral hemorrhage upon presentation. In 5 patients, the aneurysm was an incidental finding. One patient with a fusiform P2 aneurysm presented with cranial nerve III palsy, and another patient with P4 aneurysm had visual disturbances. Locations of the aneurysms were as follows: posterior cerebral artery in 9 patients, superior cerebellar artery in 5 patients, anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 1 patient, posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 5 patients, middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 5 patients, and anterior cerebral artery in 2 patients. RESULTS: Seven patients were treated with selective embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). Nineteen patients with fusiform aneurysms underwent parent artery occlusion (PAO). Fifteen PAOs were performed with coils and 4 with glue. One patient with a MCA aneurysm was found at the time of planned embolization to have spontaneously thrombosed the aneurysm and the distal branch of the MCA, 1 day after the initial diagnostic angiogram. Five patients (5/18 or 27.7%) who underwent PAO developed neurologic deficits. Two patients (2/18 or 11.1%) had permanent neurologic deficits (a visual field defect). CONCLUSION: Our results support that distally located aneurysms can be treated with endovascular PAO in the cases in which selective occlusion of the aneurysmal sac with GDC or surgical clipping cannot be achieved.     

Endovascular treatment of bacterial intracranial aneurysms

We report three patients with bacterial intracranial aneurysms treated by the endovascular approach: two presented with sudden severe neurological deficits after a diagnosis of endocarditis; the other had suspected vasculitis. CT showed an intracerebral haematoma in all cases: angiography revealed bacterial aneurysms of distal branches of the middle cerebral artery in two cases and posterior cerebral artery in one. Because of the patients' condition and the location of the aneurysms, endovascular treatment was considered the fastest and safest treatment. Hyperselective catheterisation of the parent branch, close to the aneurysm, was performed with a microcatheter. A small amount of glue was injected to occlude both the aneurysm and a short segment of the diseased vessel. Follow-up angiography revealed occlusion of the aneurysm in all cases. One patient recovered completely; one recovered over some months, with neurological deficit due to the haematoma. The third patient suddenly worsened and died 9 days after treatment for a contralateral haematoma, due to rupture of a new bacterial aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm and parent vessel may be an alternative to surgery in selected, severe cases of deep or distal bacterial intracranial aneurysms.