经食管超声对二尖瓣狭窄患者左房自发显影和左房血栓的诊断价值

目的:探讨经食管超声心动图对二尖瓣狭窄患者左房自发显影和左房血栓的诊断价值.方法:对68例二尖瓣狭窄患者的经食管超声和经胸超声检查资料进行回顾,对左房自发显影和左房血栓检出情况进行总结分析.结果:68例二尖瓣狭窄患者经胸超声检查发现4例左房自发显影,3例左房血栓;经食管超声检查发现54例左房自发显影,9例左房血栓.结论:经食管超声检查明显提高二尖瓣狭窄患者左房自发显影和左房血栓的检出率.     

经食管超声检测房颤射频消融前左房自发性显影和左心耳血栓

目的探讨经食管超声心动图在房颤射频消融治疗前对左房自发性显影和左心耳血栓的诊断价值。方法对26例拟行射频消融的非瓣膜性房颤患者进行常规经胸超声心动图和经食管超声心动图检查,总结分析左房自发性显影和左心耳血栓检出情况。结果 26例房颤患者TTE发现左房自发性显影2例,占7.7%（2/26）,未检出左心耳血栓;TEE发现左心耳自发性显影10例,占38.5%（10/26）,左心耳血栓6例,占23.1%（6/26）。超声图像显示：左心耳扩大;左心耳出现异常团块回声,在心耳壁的附着面较宽大,彩色多普勒二尖瓣上少量、中量或大量反流;左房或左心耳可探及漩涡状或云雾状征象为SEC。结论经食管超声心动图明显提高了左房自发性显影和左心耳血栓的检出率,减少了房颤射频消融治疗的风险。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄左房血栓形成的超声心动图分析

目的　通过超声心动图检查结果回顾性分析探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄左房血栓形成的相关因素。方法　对 10 5例风湿性二狭患者行经胸及经食管超声心动图检查 ,根据左房和 /或左心耳内有无血栓形成进行分组。结果　有血栓组与无血栓组相比 ,在年龄、性别、左房大小方面无明显差异。血栓形成组心房纤颤及左房自发显影发生率高 ,二尖瓣口面积较小且无明显二尖瓣返流。多元回归分析表明心房纤颤、左房自发显影、二尖瓣口面积是左房血栓形成的独立相关因素。结论　风湿性二狭患者 ,尤其在没有二尖瓣返流且合并心房纤颤、左房自发显影时 ,发生左房血栓的风险性较高。     

自然组织谐波显像在观察心腔内自发造影回声中的应用研究

目的应用自然组织谐波显像(Native tissue harmonic imaging,简称NTHI)超声心动图检测心腔内自发性造影回声。方法应用NTHI与常规超声心动图检查结果进行对比。结果NTHI明显增加心腔内自发性造影回声的检出率及云雾密度与亮度。结论NTHI能显著改善常规二维图像的质量,提高诊断自发性造影回声的准确性及客观性,减少漏诊。     

多平面经食道超声心动图估测左心耳功能及血栓的评价

目的 评价应用经食道超声心动图(TEE)估测左心耳功能及诊断左房血栓的价值。方法 采用TEE对33例伴有或不伴有房颤患者检测左心耳容量及收缩功能，探测左房和左心耳内有无明确血栓征象。并与经胸多普勒二维超声心动图(TTE)比较。结果 33例患者中左房血栓6例，左心耳血栓6例，排除左房血栓3例。根据左心耳面积测定计算出左心耳射血分数(Efv)与左心耳峰值血流排空速度(Per)相关性良好(r=0．84)。结论 TEE不仅可定性诊断左房血栓，还可测量左心耳射血分数，房颤患者左心耳面积扩大，左心耳射血分数减低，评价左心耳功能较二维超声心动图更为准确。     

经食管超声心动图

西德Eppendorf大学心脏诊所医生报告,经食管的超声心动图是可代替常规经胸断层超声心动图有用的方法。 W Aschenberg医师等发现,左房血栓常并发于二尖瓣病变,伴有左房增大,但用二维超声心动图此区域的异常结构常很难确切识     

经食道超声对射频消融术前房颤患者左房及左心耳血栓的诊断价值

目的探讨经食道超声（transesophageal echocardiography, TEE）对射频消融术前房颤患者左房及左心耳血栓的诊断价值。方法对52例房颤拟行射频消融术患者同时进行经胸超声（transthoracic echocardiography, TTE）和经食道超声检查,比较分析左房和左心耳血栓检出情况。结果52例房颤患者经胸超声检出左房血栓4例(7.69%）,左心耳血栓3例(5.77%）,其中1例假阳性,左心房自发显影（spontaneous echo contras, SEC）2例(3.85%）;经食道超声检出左房血栓8例(15.38%）,左心耳血栓9例（17.31%),左心房SEC 8例（15.38%）,左心耳SEC 6例（11.54%）,两种方法比较均有显著差异性。超声图像显示：左心房及左心耳内可见异常回声团块,附着于心房或心耳内壁,形态不规则,不活动,提示为左房或左心耳血栓形成,左房或左心耳内漩涡状或云雾状回声为血流自发显影现象,提示血流高凝状态。结论经食道超声明显提高了左房及左心耳血栓的检出率,是房颤射频消融治疗前的有效检查手段。     

经食管超声心动图与经胸超声心动图对风湿性心脏病左房血栓诊断价值的比较

左房血栓是风湿性心脏病 (简称风心病 )二尖瓣狭窄的常见并发症 ,约有 15 %～ 30 % [1] 的患者并发左房血栓 ,死亡率极高。超声心动图尤其是经食管超声心动图的出现对左房血栓的检出率大大提高。本研究的目的在于进一步探讨食管超声心动图 (TEE)与经胸超声心动图 (TTE)相比较对左房血栓的诊断价值。一、对象与方法1.对象 :85例风湿性心脏病患者为 2 0 0 0年 2月至 2 0 0 3年 2月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心外科的住院患者 ,男 37例 ,女 4 8例 ,年龄 4 3岁± 5 8岁。其中单纯二尖瓣狭窄 5 9例 ,二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全 14例 ,联合瓣…     

声学密度定量评价左心房血液状态与血栓形成

目的:应用声学密度定量（ AD）技术检测风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房血液声学密度,评价左心房血液状态与血栓形成的关系,早期预测风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者心脏血栓形成的危险性。 方法:使用 HP5500型彩色超声诊断仪,检测75例风湿性心脏病患者和35例正常人左房超声背向散射积分（IBS）值及左房IBS标化值(IBS％)。 结果：风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者有血栓组 IBS％明显高于无血栓组及正常组(P<0.05);确定血栓 IBS％的诊断标准为32％时,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为71.40%、69.70%和70.69%。 结论:超声组织定征技术是定量评价风心病二尖瓣狭窄患者血栓形成时左房血液状态的一种无创、简便、可靠的新方法。     

左房粘液瘤的超声与临床诊断分析

目的：探讨左房粘液瘤的超声检查及其在诊断中的价值。方法：回顾总结手术病理证实的左房粘液瘤的临床表现、化验、心电图、X线平片、超声检查并加以分析比较。结果：21例左房粘液瘤术前仅根据临床表现，常规实验室检查多不能确诊，而超声心动图能清晰显示心内异常回声及其随心动周期往返活动的情况。结论：超声心动图检查可及时准确发现左房粘液瘤，为临床诊断及手术治疗提供可靠依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.