彩色多普勒超声检测脐动脉血流与胎儿宫内窘迫的临床分析

目的观察胎儿脐动脉收缩期最大血流速度(S)与舒张末期血流速度(D)的比值(S/D)、阻力指数(RI),探讨其与胎儿宫内窘迫的相关性,分析其预测围产儿预后的实用价值。方法应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对我院妇产科住院的764例孕37～42周单胎初产妇进行超声产科常规检查,并对胎儿颈部进行观察,同时测定脐动脉S/D值、RI值,做详细记录,最后结合分娩方式、产后羊水粪染、产后1分钟Apgar评分进行分析。结果(1)CDFI诊断脐带绕颈具有较高的筛查价值,检出率高,漏诊率低,其诊断价值显著优于二维超声。(2)脐带绕颈组与无脐带绕颈组脐动脉S/D值、RI值相比,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。(3)脐带绕颈组脐动脉S/D值≥2.9、RI值≥0.6组与其他组比较,胎儿宫内窘迫发生率有显著性差异(P<0.001),其胎心监测阳性率、羊水粪染率及新生儿窒息发生率显著增高(P<0.001)。结论CDFI检测脐动脉S/D值、RI值对预测胎儿宫内窘迫、指导分娩方式的选择有重要参考意义。     

彩色多普勒超声检查胎儿脐带绕颈脐动脉血流指标的临床价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)诊断胎儿脐带绕颈脐动脉血流指标的临床价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对脐带绕颈胎儿的脐动脉血流阻力指数(RI)、动脉搏动指数(PI)、收缩期峰值速度/舒张期峰值速度(S/D)值进行检测分析.结果 3 400例脐带绕颈胎儿中,脐动脉血流阻力指标改变有442例,主要表现为PI、RI、S/D和PI、S/D增强改变.结论 脐动脉血流阻力指标高低与胎儿宫内窘迫情况关系密切,彩色多普勒超声能够及时对胎儿脐带绕颈的血流阻力指标作出准确诊断,可为临床选择恰当的分娩方式提供重要依据,是临床上预测脐带绕颈的胎儿有否宫内缺氧情况的快速诊断方法.     

彩色多普勒超声检测脐带位置异常和预测胎儿窘迫的意义

眼摘要演目的:探讨应用超声多普勒技术检测胎儿宫内窘迫(CDFI),判断胎儿宫内生理病理状态和预后。方法:应用CDFI检测96例胎儿脐带位置异常,并对43例经产后临床证实胎儿宫内窘迫的临床资料和彩色多普勒超声仪声像特征进行回顾性分析。结果:脐带位置异常CDFI诊断率为92.7%(89/96),单纯诊断脐带绕颈的准确率为96.7%(89/92)。胎儿宫内窘迫组产前检测脐动脉血流S/D值≥3.0者21例,胎儿窘迫组与胎儿正常组脐动脉S/D值比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:CDFI超声较二维灰阶超声监测本病快捷、准确和直观,测量简单,为临床提供重要参考依据,对提高胎儿质量、预防和降低围产期胎儿死亡率具有重要的临床价值。     

彩色多普勒超声检测脐动脉血流对评价胎儿宫内窘迫的临床应用价值

目的通过超声检测晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉血流,探讨其与胎儿宫内窘迫发生的相关性,分析其预测围生儿预后的临床应用价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声对320例孕32~41周单胎孕妇进行产前超声检查,观察胎儿有无脐带绕颈、羊水透声情况,同时测定脐动脉S/D、RI值;将所选病例分为有脐绕颈组和无脐绕颈组,有宫内窘迫组和无宫内窘迫组,脐动脉血流正常组和异常组,对检测数据进行对照分析,并追踪其妊娠结局和分娩方式,最后结合分娩方式及产后1 min Apgar评分进行分析。结果与无脐带绕颈组相比,脐带绕颈组发生胎儿宫内窘迫风险高(P<0.05)。发生胎儿宫内窘迫组脐动脉血流S/D、RI值与未发生胎儿宫内窘迫组比较,高于无胎儿宫内窘迫组脐动脉血流S/D、RI值(P<0.05)。正常组与胎儿脐动脉血流异常组比较,正常组胎儿宫内窘迫、剖宫产率、羊水污染及APqar评分<7明显高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉血流对评价胎儿宫内窘迫、指导分娩方式、降低围生儿死亡率有重要的临床应用价值。     

探讨彩色多普勒超声对妊高症胎儿宫内窘迫的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检测对妊高症胎儿宫内窘迫的应用价值.方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月-2011年12月80例妊高症胎儿宫内窘迫经彩色多普勒超声诊断的临床资料,对结果总结分析.结果通过观察胎儿心率、脐带、羊水、胎儿脐动脉(UmA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)的PI、RI、S/D值可做出超声诊断,彩色超声诊断与产后符合率为98.4%,尤其是UmA-S/D值>3.00和/或MCA-PI/UmA-PI<1.08或MCA-RI/UmA-RI<1.0比值是判定胎儿有无缺氧和缺氧程度的主要指标.结论彩色多普勒超声为临床观察产程,选择生产方式和时机提供依据,对预防和降低围产儿死亡率具有极大的临床实用价值.     

超声脐血流与大脑中动脉血流定量检测用于胎儿宫内窘迫的临床研究

目的研究超声脐血流与大脑中动脉血流定量检测用于胎儿宫内窘迫的临床应用价值。方法纳入150例住院分娩孕妇作为研究对象,其中胎儿窘迫组72例,正常对照组78例。对所有孕妇行彩色多普勒超声检查,记录脐动脉(UA)和大脑中动脉(MCA)收缩期末期最大血流速度与舒张末期血流速度比值(S/D)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI)。采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析超声UA和MCA血流检测在诊断胎儿宫内窘迫中的临床应用价值。结果胎儿窘迫组UA的S/D、RI及PI均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),MCA的S/D、RI及PI均低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。UA对预测胎儿宫内窘迫的ROC曲线显示S/D、RI及PI的敏感度为0.986、0.958及0.944,特异度为0.614、0.625及0.534。MCA对预测胎儿宫内窘迫的ROC曲线显示S/D、RI及PI的敏感度为0.897、0.924及0.892,特异度为0.712、0.657及0.684。结论产前超声联合检测UA和MCA血流参数有助于筛查胎儿宫内窘迫,提高诊断准确性,指导临床。     

彩色多普勒研究妊娠高血压对胎儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流参数的影响

目的:通过彩色多普勒记录胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)及脐动脉血流参数,根据数值的变化,监测胎儿宫内状况.方法:对90例妊娠高血压患者及152例同期正常孕妇用彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉的收缩期峰值与舒张期血流速度之比(S/D比值),阻力指数(RI),搏动指数(PI),并得出两对应参数的比值.结果:大脑中动脉RI值:轻度组和重度组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);S/D、PI值:重度组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).以PI(MCA/UA)、RI(MCA/UA)<1,S/D(MCA /UA)<1.3预测胎儿宫内缺氧,其敏感性及特异性分别为90%,97%.结论:彩色多普勒超声对胎儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流参数的检测对预测胎儿宫内缺氧及其程度有较高的敏感性,为临床提供可靠的监测方法.     

彩色多普勒监测妊娠期高血压患者子宫动脉及胎儿脐动脉血流的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者胎儿脐动脉及子宫动脉的血流动力学变化,评价彩色多普勒血流显像技术在HDCP上的使用价值.方法:应用彩色多普勒检测180例正常晚期妊娠和150例HDCP患者胎儿脐动脉的收缩末期最大血流速度和舒张末期最大血流速度之比(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及子宫动脉的S/D、PI、RI、血管直径(D),同时观察胎儿宫内发育情况如双顶径、股骨长度、胎儿体重,并记录新生儿出生体重、1min阿氏评分及胎儿窘迫、FGR、低体重儿的发生率.结果:HDCP组脐动脉S/D、PI、RI值均高于对照组,HDCP组子宫动脉的S/D、PI、RI值也均高于对照组,血管直径则小于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).将HDCP 患者分为脐动脉S/D≥3和S/D＜3两组比较其妊娠结局,前者1min阿氏评分＜7分、胎儿窘迫、IUGR、低体重儿的发生率均高于后者,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:HDCP患者存在子宫-胎盘、胎盘-胎儿循环障碍,子宫动脉及脐动脉阻抗增高、血供不足,这些病理生理变化与不良妊娠结局相关.彩色超声多普勒可以检测HDCP患者子宫动脉、脐动脉血流动力学变化,在预测HDCP病情发展程度和预测围生儿结局方面有重要的临床价值.     

彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿窘迫的应用进展

胎儿窘迫是胎儿在宫腔内缺氧的状态,严重影响围产儿健康,甚至引起围产儿死亡。但早期诊断并加以干预可明显改善妊娠结局。近年来,临床应用彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿窘迫取得了重大进展,临床上主要通过彩色多普勒对脐动脉(UA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)血流动力学指标收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、大脑中动脉和脐动脉阻力指数比值RI(MCA/UA)、搏动指数比值PI(MCA/UA)的检测来预测胎儿窘迫。彩色多普勒超声在正确认识胎儿宫内窘迫及预测妊娠结局中起着至关重要的作用。     

彩色多普勒超声评价胎儿脐带缠绕程度及临床意义

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）诊断妊娠晚期胎儿颈、胸部脐带缠绕程度不同时脐动脉S／D值及RI变化对预测胎儿宫内窘迫的价值。方法：将诊断为胎儿脐带缠绕107例患者分为脐带缠绕较紧组（11例）和脐带缠绕较松组（96例)。CDFI观察胎儿脐动脉S／D、RI，胎儿脐带缠绕处压迹的形态、胎儿心率及呼吸状况。并与20例正常妊娠晚期妇女对照观察。结果：11例胎儿颈部脐带缠绕较紧者，缠绕处压迹较深，S／D值＞3．0，较胎儿脐带缠绕松组及对照组明显增高，并伴有不同程度胎儿心率增快及呼吸急促，部分可见明显腹式呼吸；胎儿脐带缠绕较松组与对照组之间无明显差异。结论：CDFI检测对预测胎儿宫内窘迫，指导分娩方式的选择有重要参考意义，其中S／D值为较好的观察指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.