石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定人体血清中全铁的方法

本文讨论了石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定血清铁的最佳测定条件。用该方法对109个年龄在18至20岁的的健康人测得平均值为142.98±42.08μg/100ml,其中31个女性和78个男性血清铁含量平均值分别为126.94±40.75μg/100ml和149.36±40.88μg/100ml(P<0.05),可见,血清铁含量在因性别不同而具有显著差别。该法平均回收率为103.1％,其相对标准偏差为3.9％(11次重复测定)。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生活饮用水中铝

目的用PEAA600石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定水中铝,并探讨相关实验条件。方法以硝酸镁为基体改进剂,用具横向加热石墨炉原子化器（THGA）系统和纵向Zeeman效应背景校正的PEAA600石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪,直接对水样进行测定。结果检出限为3.6μg/L,相对标准差（RSD）在0.179%～4.026%之间,回收率在92.0%～102.6%之间。结论石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中铝是一种理想的方法。     

成都市部分幼儿园儿童血铅调查分析

目的:了解成都市2~6岁儿童血铅水平。方法:用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度仪测定样品成都市城区东、西、南、北、中方向的部分幼儿园的511名儿童的血铅含量。结果:成都市儿童血铅含量为92.36±32.81μg/L。超过100μg/L的有257人,占50.3%。其中3~5岁的儿童血铅含量较高。性别间血铅含量无差别。结论:成都市儿童血铅水平仍较高,铅中毒现象不容忽视。     

输液器中铬的检验方法探讨

目的:探讨用原子吸收分光光度计检验输液器中重金属铬的含量时如何正确选用检验方法.方法:选取一厂家生产的输液器,分别用火焰原子吸收法(以下简称火焰法)和石墨炉原子吸收法(以下简称石墨炉法)检验其重金属铬(Cr)的含量.结果:用火焰法测得Cr含量为44 ng/ml,相对标准偏差(RSD)为16%;用石墨炉法测得Cr含量为2 ng/ml,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2%.结论:当样品中重金属含量偏低(≤100ng/ml)时应采用石墨炉法测定.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定血清锌、铜的方法改进

本文报告对20μl样品的石墨炉原子吸收法微量分析血清中锌和铜方法的改进:用0.1％(V/V)硝酸稀释血清100倍和配制标准工作系列,样品的基质在合适条件下无明显干扰。方法的平均回收率为铜:100±4％,锌:100±3％。变动系数各为2.4％和4.1％。     

测定大米粉中镉的质量控制与不确定度评价

目的对石墨炉原子吸收测定大米粉中镉含量的结果进行不确定度评定。方法以GB/T 5009.15-2003中石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大米粉中镉含量,根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》的有关规定,建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大米粉中镉不确定度方法。结果测定结果表明,对于大米粉中镉含量分别为141μg/kg、405μg/kg,扩展不确定度分别为7μg/kg(k=2)、38μg/kg(k=2),最终测量结果表示(141±7)μg/kg、(405±38)μg/kg。结论影响最终不确定度结果的主要是重复测定、称量、消解、定容。其中测定重复性产生的不确定度影响最大。     

慢性血透病人76例血铝水平分析

目的 :测定血透病人血铝浓度 ,探讨与甲状旁腺激素 ( PTH)、钙离子 ( Ca2 + )、及服用活性维生素 D3 ( AVD)的关系。方法 :石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测血、反渗水铝水平 ,放免法检测血 PTH,生化法检测血钙 ,分析它们之间的关系 ;统计服用及未服用 AVD的病人数 ,分析其与血铝的联系。 2 1例健康献血者的血铝水平作对照组。结果 :血透病人血铝水平 ( 13 1.0± 10 7.0 )μg/ L ,健康对照组为 ( 10 .3 0± 9.5 7)μg/ L ,两者差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 0 1) ;高铝血症 (血铝 >10 0μg/ L )发生率为 3 6.8%( 2 3 5 .2 5± 114 .78μg/ L) ,PTH增高者占 78.6%( 4 3 3 .81± 2 62 .97pg/ ml) ,血铝与 PTH的 r=0 .18( P>0 .0 5 ) ;血 Ca2 +水平为 ( 2 .13±0 .3 6) m mol/ L ,与血铝的 r=0 .2 7( P>0 .0 5 ) ;服用 AVD组 4 1例病人中高铝血症 12例 ( 2 9.2 7%) ,未服用 AVD组 3 5例中高铝血症 16例 ( 4 5 .71%) ,两者间差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ;糖尿病组 i PTH( 5 3 .12± 4 6.99pg/ ml)低于铝正常的非糖尿病组 ( 3 91.8±181.5 6pg/ ml,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :血透病人血铝负荷高 ,其血铝水平与 PTH、钙、AVD使用无相关性 ,血透治疗的糖尿病病人 PTH值低。     

胶体钯-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定全血尿液中铅含量的研究

目的研究胶体钯基体改进剂用于石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定全血、尿液中铅的方法。方法血样、尿样经稀释后,加入胶体钯基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血、尿中铅的含量。结果血铅和尿铅测定线性范围为0~100μg/L,检出限分别为14.5μg/L和2.9μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4%,加标回收率在88.1%~107.2%,同一支石墨管分别测定140个尿样或90个血样,RSD均<10%。结论使用胶体钯基体改进剂测定全血、尿液中铅,具有操作简便、灵敏、准确、重现性好,在大批量样品的检测中,减少了重新校正标准曲线和更换石墨管的操作,提高了检测效率。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的砷

目的建立检测水中砷含量的石墨炉原子吸收法分析方法。方法采用硝酸镍为基体改进剂,用石墨炉直接进样测定水中砷含量进行测定。结果方法的线性范围在0μg/L~30μg/L,回归方程为y=0.0102+0.007,相关系数r=0.9989,回收率87%~105%,相对标准偏差小于4%,最小检出浓度为0.4μg/L.结论本方法简单经济,快速和准确,值得推广使用。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定市售生猪肉中微量铅、镉

目的建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定生猪肉中微量铅、镉。方法采用湿式消解法对样品进行处理;以磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,优化基体改进剂的选择、用量及原子化温度,并对常见元素测定的干扰等进行研究;采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)进行测定。结果在优化实验条件下,本法铅的检出限为0.42μg/L、相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.1%(n=11,c=20μg/L)、相关系数(r)为0.99 947;镉为0.001μg/L、相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%(n=11,c=2.0μg/L)、相关系数(r)为0.99 950,标准曲线线性关系均良好,加标回收率铅在93.0%～103.2%,镉在92.0%～102.0%。结论该方法检出限低,灵敏度高,标准曲线线性好,适用于生猪肉中微量铅、镉的测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.