Involvement of fibronectin and interacting serum components in the regulation of activity of human natural killer cells

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and the intensity of conjugate formation are studiedin vitro in the natural cytotoxicity reaction against³H-uridine-labeled human erythromyeloleukotic cells K-562 in the presence of fibronectin, γ-globulin, and fibronectin/γ-globulin combination. It is demonstrated that fibronectin does not change natural cytotoxicity, γ-globulin increases the activity of human natural killer cells, and the fibronectin — γ-globulin combination increases both the intensity of conjugate formation and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 54–59, July, 1994     

Hormonal function of nonendocrine cells: Role of new biological phenomenon in the regulation of homeostasis

Recent studies revealed a new biological phenomenon: hormone synthesis in nonendocrine cells. Here we review hormone production by 4 types of nonendocrine cells of different origins, localizations, and functions and the role of this biological phenomenon in the maintenance of homeostasis. Our results and published data suggest that hormonal function is a general biological property not specific for only neuroendocrine cells, but rather typical of all living cells independently of their origin and role in the body. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 483–487, November, 2000     

Orientation of nonspherical cells in blood flowing through a vessel

Photometric experiments on model blood vessels showed that nonspherical blood cells are oriented in the flow with their short axes along the radius of the vessel.All-Union Cardiological Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 631–632, November, 1978.     

The effect of bombardment with continuous infrared laser on the ultrastructure and proliferation of Ehrlich carcinoma cells

Bombardment of Ehrlich carcinoma with infrared laser for 3–5 min daily during a 10-day period resulted in an almost 2-fold increase in the index of labeled nuclei without any increase in mitotic index and tumor mass. The differences between the index of labeled nuclei and mitotic index revealed by electron microscopy are due to pronounced changes in the nuclei: “squeezing” of chromatin through pores or ruptures in the nuclear membrane and its random location in the cytoplasm. The number of macrophages, neutrophils, and plasma cells in the tumor increases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 585–588, May, 1996     

Age-related changes in the content of stromal clonogenic cells in hemopoietic and lymphoid organs

The content of stromal clonogenic cells in hemopoietic and lymphoid organs of mice and guinea pigs decreases with age. This drop is most pronounced in the thymus of mice and guinea pigs and in mouse spleen (more than 12-, 75-, and 8-fold, respectively). The contents of stromal clonogenic cells in the bone marrow of old mice and in the spleen of old guinea pigs are reduced by 50 and 40%, respectively, in comparison with young animals. These data indicate that the content of committed and inducible osteogenic precursors can decrease with age. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 550–553, May, 1999     

Enhancement of liver cell proliferation by GM3 ganglioside

In experiments on rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and experimentally induced hepatitis it is shown that GM₃ ganglioside of equine erythrocytes can enhance liver cell proliferation. The effect was also observed in experiments on a primary hepatocyte culturein vitro; moreover, enhancement of cell proliferation did not depend on the type of sialic acid residues. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp 427–430, April, 1995     

Disorders in early embryonal cellular proliferative properties distort the postnatal formation of nervous, immune, and endocrine regulation systems in a newborn

Disorders in the postnatal nervous, immune, and endocrine regulation systems were revealed in the progeny of rats irradiated during the preimplantation period of embryogenesis. These disorders persist till adult age. The direction of disorders confirms the hypothesis about memorization of changed proliferative properties of embryonal cells during the development of the (pro)endocrine system of a new organism. Memorization results in distortion of postnatal nervous immunoendocrine regulation: hypertrophy of the endocrine component and coadaptive underdevelopment of the nervous and immune components. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 164–166, August, 1998     

Cytogenetic properties of spleen lymphoid cells in mice after bilateral nephrectomy

It is shown that mouse spleen lymphoid cells isolated 4 h after bilateral nephrectomy enhance mitotic activity of renal tubular epithelium in syngeneic recipients, but have no effect on hepatocytes and little effect on the proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells in these recipients. The cells isolated at the same times postoperation from sham-operated or unilaterally nephrectomized animals are ineffective. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 109–110, July, 1997     

Synchronization of cell proliferation in sarcoma 37 of mice by hydroxyurea

The synchronizing action of hydroxyurea on the passage of sarcoma 37 cells through the S phase and mitosis was investigated in mice, allowing for diurnal fluctuations in mitotic activity and the index of labeled nuclei. The degree of synchronization was estimated from changes in the number of proliferating or labeled cells and the rate of change of synchronization. The tumor consisted of at least two cell populations in which variations in the number of cells both in the S period and also, probably, in mitosis were out of phase. The degree of artificial synchronization of the cells in mitosis based on the rate of change of synchronization was much higher than the natural level in the tumor not divided into separate populations. However, the number of cells undergoing artificial synchronization was not significantly different not only from the number of cells in the tumor undivided into separate populations, but also from the number of cells naturally synchronized in one of the populations. A possible explanation of this fact is that hydroxyurea acted on only one group of cells, for fluctuations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in the separate populations also were out of phase.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of General Biology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1352–1354, November, 1976.     

Proliferation characteristics of cultured human aortic endothelial cells and expression of adhesion molecules

Basal expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin and ICAM-1, which mediate adhesion and transendothelial migration of leukocytes, by endothelial cells of human aorta and umbilical vein and its relationship with the proliferative behavior of these cells are studied in primary prolonged cultures. Inverse proportionality between the percentage of resting endothelial cells and those expressing the adhesion molecules in preconfluent and confluent monolayers, on the one hand, and the percentage of cells in the active cycle which do not express the adhesion molecules, on the other, is demonstrated. This relationship is one of the major causes of thein vitro functional heterogeneity of the endotheliocyte population in the expression of adhesion molecules and its adhesiveness for leukocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 214–217, August, 1996     

Role of mast cells in regulation of erythropoiesis during inflammation

Using the mouse model of acute infectious peritonitis caused byEscherichia coli, we have shown that preliminary osmotic elimination of peritoneal mast cells markedly affects the erythron reaction and its mechanisms during inflammation. Activation of local regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis (hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment) and less pronounced hyperplasia of the erythron in the bone marrow were noted. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 626–629, June, 1997     

Effect of low-intensity infrared laser radiation on ultrastructure and proliferation of liver cells in experimental hepatitis and cirrhosis

Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent Branch, All-Union Research Center for Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences. (Presented by Academician D. S. Sarkisov, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 424–427, April, 1992.     

Diurnal rhythm of cell proliferation in the lingual epithelium of mice following sialoadenectomy

Translated fromByulleten' Pksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 72–73, July, 1993     

Decrease of antitumor and suppressor activities of nonadherent bone marrow cells by culturing in medium conditioned with ehrlich adenocarcinoma cells

It was demonstrated that proliferation of bone marrow cells cultured in medium conditioned with tumor cells is somewhat increased. A much more potent stimulation of bone marrow cell proliferation is observed after the removal of cells carrying the erythroblast antigen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. N ^o 5, pp. 514–517, May, 1994 Presented by N. V. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of Thy 1.2+ cells in hemopoietic regulation in cytostatic-induced hemosuppression

Effect of Thy 1.2⁺ cells (direct and mediated by stromal elements) on the growth of granulomonocyte and erythroid colonies in the bone marrow is studied on CBA mice with cytostatic disease induced by single injection of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in maximum permissible doses. It is shown that Thy 1.2⁺ cells stimulate colony formation in regenerating bone marrow, the effect depending on functional activity of hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol 125, No. 5, pp. 509–513, May, 1998