PTEN和磷酸化Smad2在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的探讨肝癌等组织中10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）和磷酸化Smad2（P-Smad2）表达的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测肝癌组织、癌旁肝组织和非癌性肝组织中P-Smad2和PTEN的表达。结果31份肝癌组织中PTEN表达以细胞质和细胞膜明显,细胞核基本不表达；25份癌旁及13份非癌性肝组织中则以细胞核和细胞质强表达,细胞膜弱表达。PTEN在肝癌组织的表达率（64．5％）低于癌旁肝组织（96．0％）和非癌性肝组织（100．0％）,表达强度（4．19±3．31）低于癌旁肝组织（7．88±0．93）和非癌性肝组织（7．77±0．93）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。不同病理分级的肝癌组织中PTEN的表达率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织细胞质表达强度（3．07±2．87）低于＜Ⅱ级（5．80±3．12）的肝癌组织（P＜0．05）。癌旁有、无肝内血管癌栓的肝癌组织中,PTEN表达率分别为45．5％和85．7％,表达强度分别为3．00±3．46和6．28±2．37,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PTEN在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈负相关（r=0．34,P＜0．01）,与肝内血管癌栓呈负相关（r=-0．43,P＜0．05）。非癌性肝组织、癌旁肝组织和病理分级＜Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中,P-Smad2表达以细胞核和细胞质明显,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中则以细胞核为主。P-Smad2在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈正相关（r=0．22,P＜0．05）,P-Smad2在细胞核的表达强度。肝癌组织与癌旁肝组织的差异无统计学意义,也与肝内血管有无癌栓无关。肝癌组织中PTEN和P-Smad2表达呈负相关（r=-0．73,P＜0．01）。结论PTEN的表达、强度以及和P-Smad2的核、质转位可能与肿瘤的发展和恶化有关,二者可能存在相互作用,共同参与肝癌的发生机制。     

肝癌组织中凋亡调控因子Fas、FasL及caspase-3的表达及意义

目的：探讨凋亡调控因子Fas、FasL及caspase-3在肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测80例HCC患者肝癌组织及其相应癌旁正常肝组织中Fas、FasL及caspase-3的表达,并分析其表达与 HCC临床病理因素的相关性。结果 Fas、FasL及caspase-3在 HCC、癌旁组织中的表达比较,均差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在TNM 分期（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）、有门静脉癌栓、有淋巴结转移的肝癌组织中Fas 的阳性表达率明显降低（P＜0．05）;在病理分级（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）、TNM分期（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）、有门静脉癌栓、有淋巴结转移的肝癌组织中FasL的阳性表达率明显增高（P＜0．05）;在病理分级（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）、TNM分期（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）、有淋巴结转移的肝癌组织中 caspase-3的阳性表达率明显降低（P＜0．05）。80例 HCC患者肝癌组织中Fas、FasL与caspase-3的表达,两两之间并无明显关联性（狉＝0．057,P＞0．05）。结论 Fas/FasL系统的失衡及caspase-3低表达导致肝癌细胞凋亡障碍,在 HCC发生、发展及转移中起着重要作用。     

老年原发性肝癌中dysadherin和E-cad表达的临床病理学意义

目的 探讨抗黏附素（dysadherin）和上皮-钙黏蛋白（E-cad）在老年原发性肝癌中表达的临床病理学意义。方法 应用免疫组化S-P技术，检测印例老年肝癌组织中dysadherin和E—cad的表达水平。结果 dysadherin和E-cad蛋白的表达呈负相关关系（r=-0．768，P〈0．01），前者与肝癌的肿块大小、Edmondson分级、TNM分期、肿瘤包膜有显著相关（r值分别为0．627、0．453、0．717、0．768，P〈0．05或P〈0．01），后者与肝癌的Ed-mondson分级、TNM分期、肿瘤包膜、淋巴结转移以及门静脉癌栓等都显著相关（r值分别为0．402、0．821、0．749、0．355、0．767，P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论 dysadherin的表达可能是老年肝癌预后的重要指征。与E—cad联合分析，有助于从多方面了解患者的预后信息。     

抑癌基因在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化SP法检测35例肝细胞肝癌（HCC）患者癌组织及癌旁组织中抑癌基因PTEN蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,HCC组织中PTEN蛋白阳性率和阳性强度均明显低于癌旁组织（P〈0．01）;PTEN蛋白表达与HCC的分化程度密切相关（P〈0．05）．与癌栓形成有关（P〈0．01）。提示PTEN异常表达在HCC发生、发展过程中可能起重要作用．其表达水平可作为反映HCC进展和预后的生物学指标。     

人原发性肝细胞癌中总基因组DNA甲基化变化的研究

目的：研究原发性肝细胞癌组织中总基因组DNA甲基化水平及其与病理学及生物学行为的关系。方法：以甲基化酶温育3H-腺苷甲硫氨酸掺入、液闪计数法分析33例中晚期肝癌手术标本的癌灶和癌旁组织细胞内总基因组DNA甲基化水乎，并以10例正常肝组织作对照比较。结果：肝癌灶内的DNA甲基化水平显著低于癌旁组织（P＜0．05）和正常对照肝组织（P＜0．01），其甲基化水平降低程度与肿瘤的大体形态（多发性或单灶性．结节型或区块型）有关，而与组织学改变（Edmondson分级）、门脉癌栓有否及血清AFP水平无明显关系。结论：人原发性肝细胞癌组织中DNA的甲基化水平有显著降低，值得进一步研究肝细胞癌组织个别癌基因片段甲基化及mRNA表达状况。     

肝癌中细胞凋亡水平和p73基因转录表达的研究

目的　通过观察肝癌组织 ,对应癌旁组织和远癌肝组织中细胞凋亡及p73基因转录表达水平的变化 ,探讨细胞凋亡及p73基因转录表达水平与肝癌发生、发展的关系。方法　采用TUNEL及RT_PCR技术检测 3 2例乙肝相关肝癌癌组织、癌旁组织 ,以及良性肝脏疾病和对应正常肝组织细胞凋亡和p73mRNA的表达水平 ,并结合临床病理学资料进行统计学分析。结果　①肝癌癌组织中的凋亡指数明显高于癌旁组织和远癌组织 (P <0 0 1) ,细胞凋亡水平与肝癌组织学类型和P_TNM分期无明显关系 (P >0 0 5) ;②肝癌组织p73mRNA表达水平和表达率明显高于癌旁肺组织、远癌组织和肝良性病变组织 (P <0 0 1) ;③组织中凋亡指数的升高和p73基因转录表达水平的增加呈显著的正相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　肝癌组织中存在细胞调亡水平的升高和p73基因的过度转录表达     

端粒酶基因hTR在乳腺癌中的表达

用原位杂交的方法检测端粒酶基因hTR在46例乳腺及其癌旁组织，53例乳腺良性病变中的表达和分布情况。结果显示，46例乳腺癌中hTR表达阳性率为91．3％；癌旁组织中为0；53例乳腺良性病变中为3．9％。乳腺癌组织中hTR的表达与癌旁组织、良性病变比较差异有显著性（P均＜0．01）。乳腺癌组织中hTR的表达与肿瘤分期相关（P＜0．05），与病理类型、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小无相关性（P均＞0．05）。认为端粒酶基因hTR表达检测在乳腺癌诊断中有一定价值。     

小窝蛋白-1在肝癌细胞及间质中的表达及意义

目的探讨Cav-1在肝癌细胞及其间质中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取80例肝癌标本及其癌旁组织标本为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学法检测以上标本的Cav-1表达情况,并探讨Cav-1与肿瘤分化程度、周围器官侵犯、血管侵犯等病理参数的关系。结果 Cav-1在肝癌细胞中的表达显著高于癌旁组织,在肝癌间质的表达明显低于癌旁间质(P0.05)。Cav-1在肝癌实质中的表达与肝硬化、周围器官侵犯、血管侵犯、癌栓形成有关(P0.05)。Cav-1在肝癌间质中的表达与最大径,是否多发,是否有卫星、侵犯周围器官、血管侵犯、癌栓形成有关(P0.05)。结论 Cav-1在肝癌中的表达上调,在肝癌间质中的表达下降,其表达水平均与肝癌的侵袭性相关,可作为肝癌治疗的有效靶标。     

皂荚提取物对人肝癌细胞相关癌基因表达的调控作用及端粒酶的影响

目的：研究皂荚提取物对人肝癌细胞的增殖、相关癌基因表达的调控作用及端粒酶的影响。方法：体外培养人肝癌细胞bel-7402，检测不同浓度皂荚提取物（0．05mg／ml、0．1mg/ml、0．2mg／m1）对人肝癌细胞bel-7402细胞增殖、细胞周期、肝癌相关基因（bax、bcl-2、p53）的表达及端粒酶活性的影响。结果：0．05mg／ml-0．2mg／ml浓度组皂荚提取液对人肝癌细胞bel-7402细胞增殖、调控癌基因与抑癌基因、促进癌细胞凋亡、抑制端粒酶活性差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：皂荚提取物能够抑制人肝癌细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡。     

肝癌组织M30蛋白表达及其与凋亡的关系

目的探讨原发性肝癌早期凋亡相关蛋白M30的表达及其与凋亡的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶（SP）法分别检测了80例原发性肝癌及相应的癌旁组织、10例正常肝组织M30蛋白的表达情况，采用脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）技术，检测肝癌凋亡指数。结果80例原发性肝癌、相应的癌旁组织、10例正常肝组织M30平均指数分别为9．10±7．05、3．31±3．02、0．10±0．32，肝癌组织M30指数和TNM分期、组织分化程度、生长方式、生存期及复发时间密切相关（P〈0．05）。M30指数与凋亡指数呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论M30有可能成为对肝癌预后进行推测的分子标志之一。     

Expression of liver cancer associated gene HCCA3

AIM:To study and clone a novel liver cancer related gene,and to explore the molecular basis of liver cancer genesis.METHODS:Using mRNA differential display polymerssechain reaction(DDPCR),we investigated the difference ofmRNA in human hepstocallular carcinoma(HCC)and pairedsurrounding liver tissues,and got a gene probe.Byscreening a human placenta cDNA library and genornichomologous extend,we obtained a full-length cDNA namedHCCA3.We analyzed the expression of this novel gene in 42pairs of HCC and the surrounding liver tissues,anddistribution in human normal tissues by mssns of Northernblot assay.RESULTS:A full-length cDNA of liver cancer associated geneHCCA3 has been submitted to the GeneBank nucleotidesequence databases(Accession No.AF276707).Thepositive expression rate of this gene was 78.6%(33/42)inHCC tissues,and the clinical pathological data showed thatthe HCCA3 was closely associated with the invasion oftumor capsule(P=0.023)and adjacant small metastasissatellite nodules lesions(P=0.041).The HCCA3 was widelydistributed in the human normal tissues,which wasIntensively expressed In lungs,brain and colon tissues,while lowly expressed In the liver tissues.CONCLUSION:A novel full-length cDNA was cloned anddifferentiated,which was highly expressed in liver cancertissues.The high expression was closely related to thetumor invssivensss and metastasis,that may be the lateheredited change in HCC genssis.     

maspin基因的抑癌作用机制及其在肝癌中作用的研究进展

maspin是一种肿瘤抑制基因,该基因具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞运动、侵袭、转移和肿瘤新生血管生成等作用。maspin基因表达受体内多条途径的精确调控,但其在肝癌中作用的研究较少。该文就maspin基因的抑癌作用机制及其在肝癌中作用的研究进展作一综述。     

至真方调控M2巨噬细胞来源外泌体逆转大肠癌细胞耐药的机制研究

目的:探讨至真方通过调控M2巨噬细胞来源的外泌体逆转大肠癌细胞耐药的机制.方法:采取差异超速离心法分别提取M2巨噬细胞来源的外泌体以及100 μg/mL至真方醇提物预处理的M2型巨噬细胞来源的外泌体;用透射电子显微镜观察外泌体的形态,Western blot鉴定外泌体的标志蛋白;通过共培养体系将HCT116细胞分为3组...     

葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A基因的组织差异性表达及多态调节

目的从mRNA、蛋白质及细胞水平分析尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UGT）1A基因的组织差异性表达及多态凋节。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应分析结直肠癌组40例、正常人群肠道黏膜20例、正常肝组织10例的UGT 1A mRNA表达；免疫印迹检测各组UGT 1A蛋白表达；高效液相色谱法测定各组UGT 1A酶的催化活性。结果①结直肠癌组织中UGT 1A mRNA表达量明显低于其周围正常黏膜，而后者低于正常人群肠黏膜组织，正常人群结直肠黏膜中UGT 1A mRNA表达量总体低于肝组织，P〈0．01。结直肠癌组、正常人群结直肠黏膜组织呈现个体差异表达，而肝组织的表达较均质。②癌组织、癌周正常黏膜及正常人群肠道黏膜中UGT 1A各同工酶的表达例数均不相同。③UGT 1A蛋白表达在癌组织显著低于癌周正常组织，后者又低于正常人肠黏膜（P〈0．01），各组蛋白表达量亦各不相同。而肝组织呈均质表达。④癌组织的UGT 1A酶活性低于癌周正常黏膜．而后者的微粒体酶活性低于正常人群肠黏膜微粒体蛋白，P〈0．01。结论①UGT 1A基因位点呈组织差异性表达。②结直肠黏膜上皮UGT 1A基因位点在转录水平及功能水平均存在多态调节，不同个体对致癌物的易感性不同可能是这种差异表达的结果。     

Inactivation of PTEN is associated with increased angiogenesis and VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), their roles in biologic behavior and angiogenesis and their association in gastric cancer.METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of PTEN, VEGF and microvascular density (MVD) on paraffin-embedded sections in 70 patients with primary gastric cancer and 24 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD were compared with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. The relationship between expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD as well as the relationship between PTEN and VEGF expression in caner cells were investigated. RESULTS: PTEN expression significantly decreased (t= 3.98, P&lt;0.01) whereas both VEGF expression and MVD significant increased (t = 4.29 and 4.41, respectively, both P&lt;0.01) in gastric cancer group compared with CSG group. PTEN expression was significantly down-regulated (t=1.95, P&lt;0.05) whereas VEGF expression (t = 2.37, P&lt;0.05) and MVD (t= 3.28, P&lt;0.01) was significantly up-regulated in advanced gastric cancer compared with early-stage gastric cancer. PTEN expression in gastric cancer showed a negative association with lymph node metastasis (t= 3.91, P&lt;0.01), invasion depth (t= 1.95, P&lt;0.05) and age (t= 4.69, P&lt;0.01). MVD in PTEN-negative gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=3.69, P&lt;0.01), and there was a negative correlation betweenPTEN expression and MVD (γ=-0.363, P&lt;0.05). VEGF expression was positively associated with invasion depth (especially with serosa invasion, t = 4.69, P&lt;0.01), lymph node metastasis (t= 2.31, P&lt;0.05) and TNM stage (t= 3.04, P&lt;0.01). MVD in VEGF-positive gaslyic cancer was significantly higher than that in VEGF-negative gastric cancer (t=4.62, P&lt;0.01), and there was a positive correlation between VEGF expression of and MVD (y = 0.512, P&lt;0.05). VEGF expression in PTEN-negative gaslyic cancer was significantly stronger than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=2.61, P&lt;0.05), and there was a significantly negative correlation between the expression of VEGF and PTEN (γ=-0.403, P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results imply that inactivation of PTEN gene and over-expression of VEGF contribute to the neovascularization and progression of gastric cancer. PTEN-related angiogenesis might be attributed to its up-regulation of VEGF expression. PTEN and VEGF could be used as the markers reflecting the biologic behaviors of tumor and viable targets in therapeutic approaches to inhibit angiogenesis of gastric cancers.     

20(S)-原人参二醇抑制肝癌血管内皮生长因子及其基因的表达

目的 探讨20（S）-原人参二醇（Ppd）对肝癌血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其基因表达的抑制作用。方法 建立肝癌动物模型，将实验动物分为5组：对照组、环磷酰胺组、Ppd25、50、100mg／kg给药组，每组10只，给药2w后处死动物，制成组织切片以备免疫组化及原位杂交。结果 对照组肿瘤间质血管密度增高，VEGF及其mRNA呈高表达，且VEGF蛋白及mRNA的表达同肿瘤间质血管密度呈正相关，而Ppd给药组各指标均降低，且呈剂量依赖性，较对照组存在显著差异（P〈0．01），且50mg／kg以上剂量的抑制作用较环磷酰胺强（P〈0．01）。结论 Ppd能够抑制肿瘤组织中VEGF及其mRNA的表达，而抑制肿瘤血管的形成。     

敲除NOR1基因对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的影响及作用机制

目的 探究敲除NOR1基因后对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长、存活率及器官损伤的影响。 方法 SPF级雄性BALB/C裸鼠30 只随机分为Control组(n=10)、Scramble组(n=10)、siNOR1组(n=10),构建阴性对照质粒 (Scramble)和 siNOR1质粒转染至HepG2细胞并接种至裸鼠构建移植瘤裸鼠模型。连续30 d每5 d检测裸鼠移植瘤组织体积;检测移植瘤重量;免疫组化检测Ki-67、Caspase-3、Notch、NOR1表达情况;Western Blot检测Survivin、Notch1、NICD、Hes1、Hey1蛋白表达量情况,HE染色观察肝、肾、肺、脑病理损伤程度。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存率的比较采用log-rank检验法。结果 从建模第20天开始,与Control组相比,siNOR1组第20、25、30 天移植瘤体积显著减小[(418.71±78.24)mm3 vs (149.6.16±60.05)mm3、(864.22±125.66)mm3 vs (239.83±100.51)mm3、(1468.45±199.78) mm3 vs (446.54±147.09) mm3,P值均<0.05];第30天时取出移植瘤,与Control组相比,siNOR1组移植瘤质量显著减小[(0.45±0.07)g vs (0.12±0.04)g,P<0.05];与Control组相比,siNOR1组移植瘤组织中Ki-67、Notch、NOR1阳性表达率显著降低[Ki-67:(48.98±9.75)% vs (11.51±5.09)%, Notch: (62.51±9.26)% vs (18.75±4.61)%,NOR1:(76.33±8.31)% vs (16.57±3.76)%, P值均<0.05],Caspase-3阳性表达率显著升高[(6.39±4.67)% vs (38.03±9.28)%, P<0.05];siNOR1组模型裸鼠30 d内生存率显著高于Control组[(77.66±6.75)% vs (25.32±4.63)%,χ^2=6.897,P<0.05];Western Blot检测结果显示,与Control组相比,siNOR1组Survivin、Notch1、NICD、Hes1、Hey1蛋白表达水平均显著降低(Survivin: 0.34±0.06 vs 0.02±0.01;Notch1:0.16±0.03 vs 0.03±0.01;NICD:0.26±0.05 vs 0.04±0.02;Hes1:0.35±0.04 vs 0.06±0.02;Hey: 0.29±0.06 vs 0.05±0.02,P值均<0.05),且siNOR1组裸鼠各组织器官损伤情况均得到有效缓解。结论 敲除NOR1基因抑制人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,提高模型裸鼠生存率,并缓解模型裸鼠肝、肾、肺、脑损伤,其机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路活性有关。     

Invasion and metastasis of liver cancer: expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1

To study the relationship between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and liver cancer metastasis and to find predicting factors that could indicate the growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Methods: ICAM-1 expression in fresh tissue of normal liver and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) was examined by immunoperoxidase staining. Serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from patients with a benign HCC tumor, and the expression of ICAM-1 in the orthotopically transplanted LCI-D20 tumor of a nude mouse liver cancer metastasis model, and in human hepatoma, the tumor surrounding tissue and normal liver, was analyzed semiquantitatively by the immuno-dot blot method. Tissue ICAM-1 expression (mRNA level) was detected by Northern blotting. Results: ICAM-1 expression in LD1-20 D metastatic liver cancer had a positive correlation with tumor size and the time after implantation. It increased suddenly as metastasis occurred being 3.03 ± 0.51 before metastasis and 8.24 ± 0.95 after metastasis, P < 0.01, then remained high, appending on the number of sites involved (monosite metastasis 5.48 ± 0.49, multisite metastasis 10.05 ± 1.17, P < 0.05). All six cases of normal liver samples were negative in anti-ICAM-1 immunohistochemical staining, 80.0% (36/45) of the HCC showed some ICAM-1 expression. The rate of positive cells was a little higher in large tumors, tumors with an intact capsule and tumors with metastasis, but there was no significant difference. It was noticed that two cancer emboli also had high ICAM-1 expression. The ICAM-1 concentration in HCC (13.43 ± 0.09) was higher than that in tumor surrounding the liver (5.89 ± 0.17, P < 0.01) and that in normal liver (4.27 ± 0.21, P < 0.01). sICAM-1, like tissue ICAM-1, was higher in HCC patients than in patients (with benign liver tumor and normal controls. Both tissue ICAM-1 and sICAM-1 were higher in the metastasis group than in the group without metastasis (tissue ICAM-1 20.24 ± 0.30 vs 10.23 ± 0.12 P < 0.05; sICAM-1 12.18 ± 0.25 vs 9.77 ± 0.54 P < 0.05). Northern blot analysis revealed that ICAM-1 expression, as indicated by mRNA level, was also higher in HCC and in cancer emboli than in tumor surrounding liver and normal liver. Conclusions: Tissue ICAM-1 and serum sICAM-1 could indicate the stage of HCC, and the potential of hepatoma cells for invasion and metastasis. They may play an important role in the metastasis cascade. Received: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 25 June 1998     

高迁移率族蛋白1激活线粒体生物合成促进二乙基亚硝胺诱发小鼠肝癌的形成

目的研究高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)对二乙基亚硝胺诱发C57BL/6小鼠肝癌形成的促进作用及其机制。方法HMGB1loxp/loxp/Alb-Cre^+/-为肝脏特异性敲除HMGB1基因(KO)的小鼠,同窝出生的HMGB1loxp/loxp/Alb-Cre^-/-,HMGB1loxp/WT/Alb-Cre^+/-和HMGB1loxp/WT/Alb-Cre^-/-为野生型(WT)小鼠。分别取6只出生12 d的雄性WT和KO的小鼠,一次性腹腔注射二乙基亚硝胺25 mg/kg。6个月后取肝组织HE染色评价病理学改变并统计各组小鼠肝癌发生率;取各组小鼠血清样本测定丙氨酸转氨酶水平;免疫组织化学染色检测两组小鼠瘤组织内HMGB1蛋白的表达和胞内定位情况;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测两组小鼠瘤组织内线粒体生物合成相关基因的表达情况;RT-PCR检测两组小鼠瘤组织和正常肝组织线粒体DNA拷贝数。组内数据比较采用t检验,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果与WT小鼠相比,KO小鼠肝/体质量比明显下降(t=2.634,P=0.0225);两组小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶水平均有升高,但差异无统计学意义(t=0.4062,P=0.6932)。WT小鼠肝脏表面可见较多大小不一的灰白色结节,组织学类型为肝细胞癌,不同基因型WT小鼠肝癌发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);KO小鼠的肝癌发生率明显降低(t=8.521,P<0.001)。和WT小鼠瘤组织相比,KO小鼠瘤组织内HMGB1和线粒体生物合成相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α和核呼吸因子1表达量显著下降(t值分别为6.238、4.852,P值分别为0.0335、0.041),线粒体DNA拷贝数明显降低(t=9.211,P<0.01);WT小鼠瘤组织线粒体DNA拷贝数明显高于正常肝组织(t=8.305,P=0.0142)。结论HMGB1通过诱导线粒体生物合成促进二乙基亚硝胺诱发肝癌的形成。     

Histopathologic characteristics of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis

PURPOSE: Although prognostic factors of colorectal cancer have been studied, factors associated with liver metastasis have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the histopathologic characteristics of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective histopathologic study on 335 patients who underwent resection of colorectal cancer during 15 years. Histopathologic parameters of tumors with liver metastasis were compared with those without liver metastasis. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (12 percent) had simultaneous liver metastasis. Tumors having liver metastasis, when compared with those not having liver metastasis, were characterized by high frequency of tumor size more than 6 cm (51vs. 28 percent;P<0.01), presence of serosal invasion (98vs. 66 percent;P<0.01), lymphatic invasion (34vs. 15 percent;P<0.01), venous invasion (24vs. 3 percent;P<0.01), and lymph node metastasis (85vs. 39 percent;P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with liver metastasis were serosal invasion, venous invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Accuracy in the diagnosis of liver metastasis was highest for venous invasion (88 percent) and lowest for serosal invasion (41 percent). Among 98 patients with both serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis, tumors with and without liver metastasis were different in frequency of venous invasion (26vs. 6 percent;P<0.01) and extracolic lymph node metastasis (68vs. 47 percent;P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In colorectal cancer important factors associated with liver metastasis were serosal invasion, venous invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Significant determinants for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer were venous invasion and extracolic lymph node metastasis.Presented at the meeting of The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan, July 4, 1997.