石房蛤毒素致突变性研究

摘 要：目的 通过Ames试验以及体外哺乳类细胞染色体畸变试验探索石房蛤毒素是否存在致突变性。 方法 通过Ames试验,选用组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102菌株,经过菌株鉴定及菌株毒性试验,在有无代谢活化系统存在的情况下分别对石房蛤毒素0.04、0.2、1.0 μg/皿三个剂量组进行试验,了解其是否具有致突变性。通过体外哺乳类细胞染色体畸变试验,采用MTT法检测石房蛤毒素对CHL细胞毒性,依据IC50,确定试验剂量后染毒,制片、吉姆萨染色,镜下观察染色体畸变数量及类型,计算畸变率,评价其致突变性。 结果 在有无S9活化系统条件下,在0.04、0.2、1.0 μg/皿测试浓度范围内,石房蛤毒素对测试菌株诱发产生的回变菌落数未达到溶剂对照组回变菌落数的2倍,且无剂量反应关系。石房蛤毒素对CHL细胞毒性测定结果显示,有S9时,其IC50值为1.20 μg/mL;无S9时,其IC50值为1.34 μg/mL。石房蛤毒素对CHL细胞染色体畸变作用的研究结果显示,各剂量组分别在加入S9混合液和未加S9混合液条件下染色体畸变数及畸变率与阳性对照组比较,存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）;与阴性对照组比较,均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论 在本试验条件下,石房蛤毒素未见致突变性。     

9-[2-(膦酰甲氧基)乙基]腺苷-钠盐的致突变性研究

目的评价9-[2-(膦酰甲氧基)乙基]腺苷-钠盐(PMEA-Na)的致突变性。方法采用组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Am es试验)、中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验,观察PMEA-Na的致突变性。结果PMEA-Na在50~5000μg.皿-1剂量范围内,加与不加S9活化系统条件下,对TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102四种菌株的回变菌落数均未超过自发对照的2倍,即Am es试验结果为阴性;染色体畸变试验中,当药物浓度为48、24、12、6 mg.L-1时,活化条件下各浓度细胞的染色体畸变率均低于5%。在非活化条件下,药物浓度为48 mg.L-1培养48 h时,染色体畸变率为10%,因此染色体畸变试验结果为阳性;小鼠静脉注射PMEA-Na剂量为1 000、500、250 mg.kg-1时,骨髓中含微核的嗜多染红细胞数明显增加,即微核试验结果为阳性。结论在本实验条件下,PMEA-Na具有潜在的致突变性。     

福建省沙溪河水的致突变性

沙溪位于福建省第一大江闽江的上游 ,沿岸分布着大量工矿企业 ,1997年和 1998年分别有 6 6 7%和5 0 %的断面水质未能达到地面水环境质量标准的Ⅲ类标准 ,我们尝试以Ames试验、抗诱变和诱变同步快速试验以及蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验组成致突变测试系统 ,从不同角度开展致突变性研究。1　材料与方法1.1　水样采集　 2 0 0 0年选择平水期三明辛口、沙县渡头、南平水汾桥头和枯水期沙县渡头及非沙溪水系的沙县桌十八村山涧溪泉 (对照 )为采样点 ,取表面水 (水面下 2 0～ 30cm) ,每个采样点采水样 35 0L。1.2　水样处理　采用美国产AmberliteXAD…     

除草剂二氯喹啉酸的致突变性研究

二氯喹啉酸是高效低毒水稻田用激素型喹啉羧酸类除草剂 ,可有效防除稗草、田皂角、田菁和其他杂草。在实验范围内 ,对动物无致畸、致突变和致癌作用。国内只在近两年才批量生产及应用。我们对二氯喹啉酸进行了致突变性研究。1　材料与方法1 1　材料　二氯喹啉酸 (ｑｕｉｎｃｌｏｒａｃ)由某农药厂提供 ,白色结晶 ,质量浓度 >96 % ,具有六六六味。结构式ＮＣｌＣｌＣＯＯＨ分子式Ｃ10 Ｈ5Ｃｌ2 ＮＯ2 ,相对分子质量 2 4 2。1 2　急性毒性试验　ＩＣＲ小鼠雄性 16只 ,雌性 16只 ,体重 18～ 2 2ｇ。微核试验ＩＣＲ小鼠雌性 30只 ,雄性 30只 ,体…     

长春西汀的致突变研究

检测长春西汀是否有致突变作用。方法：要用Ａｍｅｓ试验,小鼠微核试验及哺乳动物培养细胞染色体畸变试验观察长春西汀的诱导性。结果：Ａｍｅｓ试验,微核试验及染色体畸变试验结果为阴性,结论：长春西汀在所试条件下未见致突变作用。     

Ames试验检测不同工艺制作灵香草浸膏的致突变性

Ａｍｅｓ试验检测不同工艺制作灵香草浸膏的致突变性刘淑英，孙毓柏，魏运莲，张文俊，张文郁Ａｍｅｓ试验是美国环保局（ＥＰＡ）确定的化学物质远期安全评价组合试验中的首选方法。文献报道，以细菌致突变试验方法检测化学物质的可靠性达８５～９５％［１～３］。因此，...     

依立雄胺体内外致突变实验

AIM: To evaluate the genetic effects of epristeride (Epr), a new prospective drug for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: 1) Assaying reverse mutation in histidine nutritional deficiency strain of Salmonella typhimurium 2) detecting chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL); 3) micronucleus assays of mouse bone marrow; 4) counting sperm shape abnormalities 35 d after first ig Epr. RESULTS: 1) The reverse mutation happened at almost the same rate of the negative control. Epr did not induce bacterial mutation. 2) In vitro, the rates of aberration were all below 3%, thus Epr did not induce chromosome damage in CHL. 3) Micronucleated polychromatic erythroblasts (PCE) were not apparently more than those of sovent control, Epr did not induce the formation of micronuclei in PCE. 4) With Epr 818, 682, and 341 mg.kg-1, the head abnormalities of sperms were 5.3% +/- 2.7%, 5.3% +/- 1.9%, and 5.2% +/- 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: No genetic toxicity of Epr was detected.     

放射增效剂．Ⅱ号致突变性研究

研究目的：Ⅱ号药（6-硝基吲唑类化合物）是放射所药物室合成的一种放射增敏剂,经体内外实验证明,有很好的放射增敏作用。为了临床安全用药,我们用Ames试验、CHO—K细胞染色体畸变试验及小鼠微核试验对本化合物的致突变性进行了研究。材料与方法：Ⅱ号药由放射医学研究所药物室合成,淡黄色结晶,纯度大于98％,熔点192～194℃Ames菌株为组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102。CHO．k细胞为中国仓鼠卵巢细胞。实验动物选用纯系615小鼠。Ames试验：采用平板掺入法．分别在加与不加代谢活化物（S9mix）两种条件下进行测试。5个剂量组的受试物剂量分别为5000μg/皿、500μg/皿、50μg/皿、5μg/皿和1μg/皿,同时设自发回变组、阴性对照组（溶媒对照）和阳性对照组,后者分别采用敌克松（Dexon）和2．氨基芴（2-AF）。每组3个平皿,做2次独立测试,实验结果以回变菌落数表示。     

红子的毒性及致突变性研究

红子又名赤阳子,为蔷薇科火棘(Pyracantha Faluneana Maxim hi)植物之果实,广泛分布于贵州、云南、广西、湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、陕西等地。据《滇南本草》~(2)和《中草药大辞典》~(3)记载,有健脾消积,活血止血、明日等功用,民间亦常当野生水果食之,饥年曾作辅粮,因此又名救军粮。     

蛞蝓胶囊致畸和致突变实验研究

目的探讨蛞蝓胶囊是否具有致畸和致突变的毒理作用。方法本研究采用大鼠致畸胎、艾姆斯（Ames）试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、体外细胞染色体畸变试验检测的蛞蝓胶囊致畸胎、致突变性。结果蛞蝓胶囊各剂量对孕鼠体重、胚胎早期发育、胚胎生长发育、以及胎鼠的骨骼发育和内脏器官发育等均无不良影响。无论加与不加S9,各剂量组诱变TA98、TA100种菌落数均未超过自然回变菌落数,与阴性对照组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。与对照组相比,各剂量组对小鼠的微核率无明显的影响（P〉0．05）。蛞蝓胶囊对培养的哺乳动物体细胞染色体结构无致畸变作用。结论蛞蝓胶囊各剂量均无致畸和致突变的作用,说明在临床应用剂量范围内是安全的。     

Mutagenicity of textile dye products

Within an EU-funded research project, 281 textile dye products in use at nine textile finishing companies from eight European countries were assessed for potential mutagenic properties. Most of the dyes belonged to the so-called existing substances. Data sources considered were data published in the literature, unpublished industrial data provided by dye producing companies, and laboratory testing. Data on mutagenicity are virtually absent for many of the dyes. Unpublished test results performed on behalf of the dye manufacturing industry proved to be an important data source that is not accessible under usual circumstances. Four dye stuffs contained in seven dye products in use at the textile finishing companies were judged to be mutagenic, based on published data from the literature. Mutagenicity testing using Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100, revealed positive results for about 28% (15 out of 53) of the dye products investigated. Upon further testing with the mouse lymphoma assay (L5178Y/TK(+/-)) 67% (6 out of 9) of Ames-positive dyes proved to be mutagenic in this mammalian cell test. All data sources combined led to an overall assessment of 14 dye products out of 281 being mutagenic. For 16 there is a suspicion of mutagenicity due to positive responses in one test but 71 of the dye products are without any data on mutagenicity. This paper describes the data aggregation process, evaluation criteria and the overall assessment, and exemplifies controversial evaluations.     

抗癌新药——去甲斑蟊素致突变的系列研究

作者近年按国际标准建立了药物短期致突变系列,这一系列包括用于测定基因(点)突变的Ames试验和测定染色体畸变的中国仓鼠肺细胞试验及微核试验。应用这一系列评价了我国创制的抗癌新药——去甲斑蟊素的致突变性.测试系统还将Ames新菌株、CHL-ED_(50)剂量法则、NIH敏感品系小鼠应用于这一系列。实验显示去甲斑蟊素既不诱发基因(点)突变,也不诱发染色体畸变,这是去甲斑蟊素与一般抗肿瘤制剂之不同点.     

Mutagenicity of industrial wastewaters collected from two different stations in northern India

Mutagenicity of wastewaters taken from two different cities was compared by means of Ames plate test and Ames fluctuation test. TA100 and TA98 strains of S. typhimurium exhibited the highest sensitivity against the Saharanpur sample (SWW) in terms of the slope (m) of the dose-response curve in the plate incorporation assay. However, the most sensitive strain against the test samples from Aligarh (AWW) was TA98. Interestingly, TA100 and TA98 strains also displayed the highest susceptibility towards the samples from Saharanpur in the fluctuation test. However, TA102 and TA100 responded maximally to AWW in this bioassay. Interestingly, S9 supplementation resulted in the decline in mutagenic potential of SWW contrary to significant increase with AWW by both the tests. Both samples were found to generate different types of ROS as predominant species. While SWW were shown to generate a high concentration of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals were predominantly occurring in AWW. From our result, we conclude that both the test water samples were highly genotoxic. In view of the complementary nature of these two testing systems, we recommend both bioassays for the genotoxicity assessment of complex water samples.     

Mutagenicity in Salmonella assays of cyclohexane epoxide derivatives

15 Cyclohexane epoxide derivatives were synthesized and compared for direct mutagenicity and bacterial toxicity using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the liquid suspension and spot-test version of the Ames procedure. While no general correlations could be established for position and stereochemistry of the hydroxylated derivatives, an increase in mutagenicity was noted for the presence of electron-withdrawing groups and unsaturation in conjugation with the oxirane groups.     

色瑞替尼有关物质遗传毒性(Q)SAR评价及Ames试验研究

目的 对色瑞替尼合成工艺中具有警示结构的潜在有关物质进行遗传毒性(致突变性)评价研究,为色瑞替尼有关物质的分类分级控制提供指导和依据.方法 分别采用基于专家规则和统计学原理的2种互补的(定量)构效关系[(Q)SAR]评价系统(Derek和Sarah)对色瑞替尼有关物质的遗传毒性进行初步预测和分类;对(Q) SAR预测结...     

Assessment of toxicity and mutagenicity in air particulate matter from an urban industrial area in the coast of the Rio de la Plata

Chemical characterization and effects assessment of semivolatile organic compounds in organic extracts from air particulate matter from the region of the greater La Plata area was undertaken. Effects covered the study of mutagenicity with the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains with metabolic activation by S9) and cytotoxicity using the Tetrahymena pyriformis test system (growth rate, cell volume, and cell respiration). Chemical analysis of organic extracts was done using gas chromatography. Results demonstrate the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the matrix, high mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. A higher mutagenic activity detected with TA98 and TA100 strains is associated with an increment of total PAH and total five or six ring PAH content, respectively. Linked with it, a PAH dependent toxicity on Tetrahymena pyriformis has been observed. This cell system proved to be very sensitive. From the results obtained with the cell respiration assay with T. pyriformis it appears that uncoupling agents are present in the samples. The results of this study indicate that air particulate matter from the Rio de La Plata area contains significant genotoxic and cytotoxic activity probably due to the presence of PAHs.     

硒盐的食品毒理学评价

通过硒盐的食品安全性评价表明硒盐是实际无毒,弱蓄积性化学物质;对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞染色体无致突变作用,也无基因突变作用;对大鼠无致畸毒性,但在较高剂量(3g/kg)条件下对胎原发育有抑制作用。     

赤苷脉通注射液的致突变研究

目的探讨中药制剂赤苷脉通注射液的致突变性。方法采用鼠伤寒沙门氏组氨酸营养缺陷型菌株回复突变实验(Ames实验)、中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)染色体畸变实验和小鼠骨髓微核实验来检测赤苷脉通注射液的致突变作用。结果 Ames实验中,赤苷脉通注射液在312.5～5 000μg.皿-1剂量范围内,无论加或不加S9,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102和TA1535 5株菌的回复突变菌落数均未出现剂量依赖性的增加;染色体畸变实验中,非活化条件或代谢活化条件下,药物质量浓度为1 200,600和300μg.mL-1时,细胞的染色体畸变率均未出现剂量依赖性增加;微核实验中,在1 150,575和287.5mg.kg-1剂量组中均未见骨髓中含微核的嗜多染红细胞数增加。结论在该实验室条件下,Ames实验、CHL细胞染色体畸变实验和小鼠骨髓微核实验结果均为阴性,即中药制剂赤苷脉通注射液无潜在的遗传毒性。