Giant cell reparative granuloma of the phalanx of the hand with aggressive radiographic features

This report describes a giant cell (reparative) granuloma in the proximal phalanx of the third finger of the right hand in a 52-year-old man. Radiographically it showed aggressive features with bony permeation, breaking of the cortex, and soft tissue extension. These features suggested a malignant lesion. Histology was characteristic of giant cell reparative granuloma. This lesion, along with aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor in the small bones of hand and foot, occasionally may show aggressive features mimicking a malignant lesion.     

脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的：分析脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的CT、MRI诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析经临床病理证实的12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果：12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者中颈椎3例,胸椎6例,腰椎3例;单独椎体侵犯1例,单发于椎板2例,同时累及椎体及附件者9例。CT表现局限性囊状或膨胀性骨质破坏,边界清晰,内可见分房骨嵴影,4例可见内部多发液一液平面影。MRI示膨胀性溶骨性破坏灶周围可见低信号影包绕,病灶内呈多发分房状改变,T1WI呈不均匀低／等信号;T2WI呈数个大小不等的高／等信号囊腔,10例可见不同信号强度的液一液平面影。增强扫描可见囊腔周缘明显强化,腔内出血和液体无强化。结论：脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够做出正确诊断。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of fluid levels in an aneurysmal bone cyst and in anticoagulated human blood

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a fluid level within an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Since the ABC contained gross blood at operation, an anticoagulated human blood sample was studied by MRI also, and a fluid level was again clearly visible. MRI pulse sequences emphasizing T₁ contrast showed the fluid levels most clearly in both the ABC and the blood. Sequences emphasizing T₂ contrast showed homogeneous, bright signals in the ABC and in the blood, with no visible fluid level in the ABC and a nearly invisible one in the blood. In the blood sample, the calculated plasma T₁ value was 1585 ms, and that of the red cells was 794 ms.     

Surface aneurysmal bone cysts: a pictorial review

The aim of this article is to present the imaging features of surface aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). Twenty-three surface ABCs were identified from of a series of 144 histologically proven ABCs treated in our unit over the past 20 years. The surface ABCs showed a high female preponderance with a predilection for the forearm bones, tibia and femur. With the use of radiographs in all cases and CT and MR imaging in 18 cases it was possible to subdivide the series into subperiosteal (11 cases), cortical (8 cases) and mixed (4 cases) categories. The imaging features distinguishing the various categories are illustrated and the differential diagnosis is discussed.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst and other nonneoplastic conditions

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign proliferative tumefaction of bone. Histologic similarities indicate a kinship among classic aneurysmal bone cysts, essentially solid proliferative lesions in bones; giant cell reparative granulomas of the jaws, at the base of the skull, and in the small bones of the hands and feet; skeletal lesions of hyperparathyroidism; and even pseudosarcomatous myositis ossificans, proliferative myositis, and proliferative fasciitis.     

Giant cell reparative granuloma and other giant cell lesions of the bones of the hands and feet

The present paper is a clinico-pathologic study of 52 osteolytic lesions containing giant cells, affecting the hands and feet and comprising 11 giant cell reparative granulomas, nine giant cell tumors, six chondroblastomas, and 26 aneurysmal bone cysts. The nature of osteolytic lesions of hands and feet must be carefully established in order to plan appropriate treatment without damaging the surrounding structures. Giant cell reparative granuloma has to be distinguished from other lesions containing giant cells. Clinical and radiologic findings proved of limited diagnostic value; the definitive diagnosis can be established only by histologic examination. Surgical treatment is discussed.     

Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma with femoral epiphyseal lesion mimicking an aneurysmal bone cyst

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a rare benign tumor-like disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation Langerhans cells. EG frequently presents as a solitary lesion in the axial skeleton and diaphysis long bones. Here we present the case of a 14-year-old male with multifocal EG with a lesion located in the femoral epiphysis mimicking an aneurysmal bone cyst that presented a diagnostic challenge. While the initial presentation of EG patients may appear uncommon, its overlapping features with other benign and malignant etiologies highlight the importance of increased awareness of this condition, as well as the need for an experienced multidisciplinary team in its diagnosis and treatment.     

Secondary aneurysmal bone cyst derived from a giant-cell tumour of the skull base

We report a 20-year-old man with a giant-cell tumour of the skull base which showed multiple fluid levels on MRI.     

Metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts with involvement of the humerus and the thoracic vertebrae

Metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts are rare. We report on a 32-year-old man who presented with an aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic spine 15 years subsequent to diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst of the humerus.     

Percutaneous Ethibloc injection in aneurysmal bone cysts

Objective. To investigate whether the injection of Ethibloc into aneurysmal bone cysts can be an effective treatment modality. Design and patients.Ethibloc is an alcoholic solution of zein (corn protein) which has thrombogenic and fibrogenic properties. Ten patients with aneurysmal bone cysts were treated with CT-guided percutaneous injection of Ethibloc into the cyst cavity. Ethibloc injection was the primary treatment in five patients. Four patients had recurrence following previous curettage and bone grafting and one patient had not responded to injection into the lesion of autologous iliac crest bone marrow aspirate. Three patients needed a second injection. The median follow-up was 27 (6–60) months. Results and conclusion.Symptoms were relieved in all patients. At imaging, seven patients had resolution of the lesion and three had partial response at the most recent follow-up. Complications consisted of a local transitory inflammatory reaction in two patients and an aseptic abscess in one patient. This relatively simple, minimally invasive procedure makes an operation unnecessary by stopping the expansion of the cyst and inducing endosteal new bone formation. This technique may be used as the primary management of aneurysmal bone cysts excluding spinal lesions. Received: 19 July 1999 Revision requested: 20 September 1999 Revision received: 9 November 1999 Accepted: 6 December 1999     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit: a case of rare location and review of the literature

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign fibrosseous lesions, very rarely occurring in the orbit. Seventeen cases of ABCs involving the orbit were reported in the literature. MRI pictures of a 7-year-old female patient with ABC involving the orbit are presented here. The clinical findings were left-sided painless proptosis, diplopia, papilledema and partial loss of the vision. MRI study showed a well-circumscribed mutliloculated expansile lesion of the orbital roof. We additionally make a review of the literature for these rare lesions.     

骨纤维结构不良继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像诊断

目的探讨CT与MRI对骨纤维结构不良继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断价值。方法对12例病理证实的骨纤维结构不良继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT及MRI资料进行回顾性分析。其中6例行CT检查,4例行MRI检查,另有2例分别行CT及MRI检查。结果单骨型11例,其中股骨5例,肱骨4例,腓骨1例及桡骨1例;多骨型1例,同时累及髋臼、坐骨支及股骨。在CT上可见病变不同程度膨胀,5例成单囊状或多囊状改变,3例成囊实性改变,实性部分呈磨玻璃样改变。在MRI上,6例均呈囊实性改变,实性部分在T1WI上呈均匀或不均匀低、等信号,在T2WI上呈均匀或不均匀低、等或高信号,增强扫描后呈轻或中度强化,其囊性部分呈T1WI低信号及T2WI高信号改变,骨皮质变薄,3例囊内见分隔,1例见液-液平面,增强扫描后仅有囊壁及囊内分隔强化。结论 MRI对骨纤维结构不良继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断比CT有优势,但作出准确的术前诊断仍需结合X线或CT。     

Giant-cell tumor of bone and aneurysmal bone cyst

A correlated histologic and radiographic study of nine giant-cell tumors, six aneurysmal bone cysts, and one combined lesion is presented. Clinical findings and plain radiographic appearances were found to overlap. Angiographically, the giant-cell tumors were richly vascularized, with a marked intratumoral contrast uptake, occasional irregular tumor vessles, a prominent peritumoral arterial net-work, and early draining veins. Microscopic examination revealed fine, capillary-like and somewhat larger, angulated, sinusoid vessels, and occasional small, bloodfilled cysts within the tumor. Conspicuous arteries, veins, and capillaries surrounded the tumor. The aneurysmal bone cysts at angiography were predominantly avascular in the interior, surrounded by a thin hyperemic zone in the peritumoral tissue, with sometimes early filling of veins. Microscopically, the aneurysmal bone cysts showed large, anastomosing, bloodfilled vascular channels, and a moderate number of capillaries within the solid, fibrous areas and the granulation tissue. It is concluded that angiography, particularly with a subtraction technique, may be a valuable diagnostic method in the pre-operative differentiation of giant-cell tumors from aneurysmal bone cysts.     

Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst

A soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst located in the right gluteus medius of a 21-year-old man is reported. On conventional radiography, the lesion demonstrated a spherically trabeculated mass with a calcific rim. On CT scan, it showed a well-organized peripheral calcification resembling a myositis ossificans. On MRI, it presented as a multilocular, cystic lesion with fluid-fluid levels. The lesion had no solid components except for intralesional septa. Although findings on imaging and histology were identical to those described in classical aneurysmal bone cyst, diagnosis was delayed because of lack of knowledge of this entity and its resemblance to the more familiar post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (myositis ossificans).     

Metachronous multiple aneurysmal bone cysts

 We report on a 9-year-old boy with metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts involving the tibia and pubis respectively. The patient has been clinically and radiographically followed for 3 years.     

Juxtaepiphyseal aneurysmal bone cyst

Nine cases of aneurysmal bone cyst arising in juxtaepiphyseal locations with gross invasion of the adjacent growth plate are reported. In five of these patients an abnormality of growth, due to premature fusion of the affected growth plate, ultimately developed. Treatment of these lesions should attempt to avoid this complication, which appears to be more common than has been appeaciated in the past. These nine cases represent 23% of 39 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst occurring in a long bone adjacent to an open epiphyseal plate. This series was extrapolated from a total of 198 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst in the files of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.     

Intracortical and subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cysts: a report of three cases

 Aneurysmal bone cyst of the long bones in a purely intracortical or subperiosteal location is unusual. Three such cases are reported, and the radiographic and pathologic differential diagnoses are discussed.Those subperiosteal or intracortical aneurysmal bone cysts with radiographic features similar to the intramedullary variety should suggest the same diagnosis. However, the radiographic features may be less specific, so that a diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst must be entertained when considering a subperiosteal or intracortical lytic lesion.     

原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT表现

目的评价CT对诊断与鉴别原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的价值。方法回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT征象,并进行献复习。结果9例患中骨皮质缺损征象出现率(67％)高于“液一液平面”出现率(44％)。继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿骨嵴明显粗大,可构成分房。9例病灶内呈不均匀软组织密度,增强后强化明显。结论CT检查有助于动脉瘤样骨囊肿早期定性诊断,并有助于鉴别原发性与继发性病灶。     

Myxoma of the humerus: an exceptional site of origin

Myxoma of bone, outside of the jaws, is exceptional. We present such a tumor in the humerus and discuss the criteria for the diagnosis of myxoma. Received: 10 August 1999 Revision requested: 10 September 1999 Revision received: 14 September 1999 Accepted: 14 September 1999