Proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes and specific features in the course of acute experimental myocardial infarction in rats with chronic alcohol poisoning

Vascular mesenchymal changes are less expressed in rats preexposed to alcoholization, and the fibrillogenesis associated with these changes occurs later and is less severe. In rats suffering myocardial infarction in the presence of chronic alcohol poisoning the proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes is reduced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 172–174, February, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Assessment of theIn Vivo metabolic effect of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase

Active realization of 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and oxaloacetate is observed after administration of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of transamination and urea formation are within the normal range. By its targeting of oxidative metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase may be regarded as a biogenic factor correcting the glycolytic processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 480–481, May, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of substance P on the content of catecholamines and on the enzymes of their synthesis in the brain of chronically alcoholized rats

The effect of a single administration of the endogenous peptide substance P on the content of dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), and on the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (D-β-H) is studied in the hypothalamus and midbrain of rats after a 6-month alcoholization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 46–48, July, 1994     

Effects of long-term alcoholic intoxication,ethanol withdrawal,and insulin on glucose utilization,hexokinase activity,and ATP level in rat erythrocytes

Erythrocytes from rats that have been receiving ethanol for 30 days show a reduced capacity to utilize glucose and a reduced hexokinase activity. Following ethanol withdrawal, glucose utilization by erythrocytes and their hexokinase activity do not change significantly, while the ATP level in these cells drops. Insulin administered to the rats after ethanol withdrawal normalizes glucose utilization and ATP and raises hexokinase activity to levels exceeding its control values. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 29–32, January, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Potential for correcting syndromal metabolic disorders by means of enzyme therapy

Measurement of metabolites in the cardiac muscle of rabbits at different stages of myocardial infarction showed elevated levels of intermediate metabolic products with marked acidic properties in the infarcted area as well as in the adjacent and more distant (apparently intact) areas. Introduction of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase into the circulation led to enhanced metabolic processes in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. This suggests that lactate dehydrogenase may be recommended for use as an agent helping to normalize oxidative processes, compensate for energy deficiency, and correct metabolism in tissues. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 23–25, July, 1995 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural and functional changes in the brain of rats with different behavioral types at later stages of circulatory hypoxia

Structural changes in the brain were studied at later (one and three months) stages of cerebral hypoxia caused by occlusion of the common carotid arteries, which were indicative of the development of recovery and destructive processes. Brain ultrastructure was found to be better preserved in rats with an active type of behavior one month after the onset of ischemia than in rats of the other groups; motor activity was restored to the baseline level, thus demonstrating a higher rate of recovery processes. Significant ultrastructural damage to the brain at the same stage of ischemia was observed in rats with a passive type of behavior (especially in rats of the middle group), while motor activity was increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 529–534, November, 1994 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences     

Effects of low-dose ethanol on rat progeny upon inhalation exposure during gestation

Effects of ethanol in low concentrations on the course of pregnancy in rats and the development and metabolic characteristics of their progeny are studied: the morphology and function of pathological shifts are assessed and the level of endogenous ethanol in the blood and acetylcholinesterase activity in erythrocyte membranes measured. Inhalation exposure to ethanol is found to retard the development of the progeny. The consumption of ethanol by the progeny in the experimental group was 1.5 times higher than in the control. The results indicate that even trace amounts of ethanol in the atmosphere are toxic for the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 265–267, March, 1996 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of ethanol consumption on the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in rat brain and adrenals

After chronic alcoholization for 9 months with increased doses of ethanol, the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the brain and adrenals of rats is expressed at different levels depending on the intensity of the desire for alcohol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 63–65, July, 1997     

The content of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free oxygen radicals

It is shown that at the age of 2–3 months S rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free radicals have the same content of tocopherol in the heart, epididymal fat, adrenals, liver, and liver mitochondria as Wistar rats but a lower content of plasma tocopherol. At 10–12 months, the tocopherol content in all studied tissues and organs, except the liver, is higher than in young S rats and age-matched Wistar rats. This is regarded as a compensatory response facilitating the stabilization of LPO under conditions of increased free radical formation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1996     

Protective action of M- and N-cholinoceptor blockers in acute ammonium intoxication

Atropine and d-tubocurarine are shown to prevent convulsions in rats and mice poisoned by ammonium acetate and to protect these animals from its toxic effects. Ammonium and lactate levels in their brain were found to correlate directly with ammonium toxicity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 489–492, November, 1995     

Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver

Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to alter lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver and to exert a regulatory effect on the catalytic properties of these enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 590–591, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Disorders in the structural and metabolic organization of liver acini in systemic endotoxemia

Injection ofEscherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to dogs caused pronounced structural and metabolic changes of liver acini, characterized by the development of compensatory reactions to the endotoxin followed by their failure. In addition to hypoxia, depressed activity of hepatocyte dehydrogenases and diaphorases with impairment of the intraacinar gradient of their activity, leading to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, appears to underlie the involvement of the liver in systemic endotoxemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 643–646, December, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antenatal effects of ethanol and limontar on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver of rat progeny

In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 41–44, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Variations in the activity of renal and hepatic cysteine cathepsins

Activities of the cysteine cathepsins B, L, and especially H in hepatic and renal tissues from pregnant rats were found to be many times higher than in those from nonpregnant controls. In rats fasted for several days, these activities declined in the kidneys and rose in the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 586–589, December, 1995     

Effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica mutant strain No. 1

the effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica No. 1 was studied during culturing in the pH-auxostat mode. Growth inhibition set in starting from a 2.64 g/liter residual concentration of ethanol. The constant of ethanol inhibition was 11.0 g/liter. Growth inhibition with ethanol was associated with changes of the fatty-acid composition of lipids and a resultant reduction of lipid unsaturation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 71–73, January, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Effect of extracorporeal blood treatment with an ozone-oxygen mixture on pulmonary functions in healthy dogs and dogs with shock lungs

Extracorporeal blood treatment with an ozone-oxygen mixture increased the efficacy of pulmonary ventilation and improved gas exchange, blood oxygenation in the pulmonary circulation, and the microcirculation in peripheral tissues in intact dogs and dogs with experimentally produced shock lung. This procedure activated glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and metabolic processes in the lung tissue (in particular, the uptake of palmitate from the blood by the lungs was increased in intact dogs, as was the uptake of lactate and pyruvate in dogs with shock lung), and it also raised blood levels of molecular lipid peroxidation products in dogs of both groups. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 266–269, March, 1995 Presented by B. A. Korolev, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences     

Development of aseptic inflammation during the adaptation of the organism to high altitude hypoxia

The dynamics of lipid peroxidation and of the aseptic inflammatory process is studied in rats adapted to high altitude hypoxia. A greater activity and shorter duration of the acute period of inflammation are found in these animals, while in the reparative period stimulation of the proliferative processes and slowed formation of the fibroblast capsule are noted. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 243–246, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Seasonal patterns of epithelium mitotic activity in the duodenum of two representatives of the sciuridae with different ecological specialization

A marked seasonal dynamics of the mitotic activity of duodenal epithelium is shown in hibernating red-cheek sousliks (Citellus erythrogenys). These seasonal variations are absent inSciurus carolinensis, a closely related nonhibernating species. During hibernation, the mitotic index of souslik epitheliocytes is lower than during the summer period; however, during periodic spontaneous awakenings, a considerable rise of this index takes place, due to the activation of proliferative processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 642–643, June, 1995 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of low-intensity luminescence on reparative processes in skin wounds in the rat

Low-intensity noncoherent luminescent radiation stimulates reparative processes in soft tissue wounds of rats. The stimulation is dependent on the frequency of light pulsation and the luminescence spectrum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 665–667, June, 1994 Presented by B. A. Korolev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences