临沂市铁强化酱油预防缺铁性贫血效果观察

目的对临沂市铁强化酱油项目推广前后妇女、儿童缺铁性贫血状况以及人群对铁强化酱油知识的知晓情况进行分析研究,为在全市推广铁强化酱油项目的开展提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取临沂市城区和农村监测点各1个,2007年基线测定血红蛋白值女性825名、3~7岁儿童200名;项目推广4个月后测定人数分别为1237人和447人,项目推广1年后测定人数分别为1278人和433人。同时进行铁缺乏和铁强化酱油的知识、态度行为及相关情况问卷调查:2007年基线调查600人,项目推广4个月后调查600人,1年后调查601人。结果2007年项目点女性贫血率为31.64%,儿童贫血率为13.50%。经过1年的宣传推广,目标人群铁营养知识及铁酱油知晓率快速上升,同时贫血率显著下降,2008年项目点女性贫血率为18.62%,儿童贫血率为6.47%。结论铁强化酱油作为改善我市居民缺铁性贫血的措施是有效和可行的,开展铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识的健康教育,对人们选择铁强化酱油及防治缺铁性贫血的知识—态度—行为改善有积极的作用。     

酱油加铁 预防缺铁性贫血

中国居民营养与健康状况调查显示，铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血是我国普遍存在的营养问题，全国有两亿多人患缺铁性贫血。为干预铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血，卫生部于2003年9月启动了“铁强化酱油控制和干预我国铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血”项目。目前，该项目已在贵州、江苏、河北、广东、吉林、北京、广西7个省（区、市）开展，覆盖3000多万目标人群。监测显示，这些地区缺铁性贫血患病率在原有基础上下降30％以上。     

缺铁性贫血宜用铁强化酱油

中国疾病预防控制中心的调查显示,我国儿童贫血患病率在25％左右,妇女贫血率达20％,老年人的贫血率更高。贫血是铁元素严重缺乏的表现,而实际铁缺乏的人数比贫血的人数高1倍。     

铁强化酱油改善贫血的研究概况

缺铁性贫血是我国的重大卫生和健康问题。发达国家及一些发展中国家多年来的经验表明,食物强化是最为经济、快速、可靠的营养干预方式,通过食物铁强化来改善缺铁性贫血是我国现阶段最为经济、易行而有效的途径。营养强化剂的选择,强化食物载体的选择对推动食物强化改善缺铁性贫血工作非常重要。     

预防缺铁性贫血请食用加铁酱油

缺铁与膳食结构有关 我国居民缺铁情况是跟膳食结构是有关系的,我们的膳食一般是以米、面、蔬菜为主,这种植物性的膳食本身含的铁就比较少,主要是植酸铁、草酸铁,又不容易被人体吸收,一般只能吸收2%～3%,这样的话就造成了缺铁。     

铁强化食盐预防缺铁性贫血的实验研究

缺铁性贫血是由于铁摄入不足或吸收利用不良而导致的营养缺乏病,对妇女儿童和青少年的身体健康有重要的影响。一些国家从2 0世纪70年代初就开始利用铁强化食盐来预防和降低缺铁性贫血的发生率。湖北省应城盐矿等单位,于2 0世纪80年代末开发研制了铁强化食盐。加入食盐中的铁元素是否稳定,将直接影响着铁强化食盐预防缺铁性贫血的效果。为此,对其在不同贮存条件和不同加热时间的稳定性和预防缺铁性贫血效果进行了试验,现将实验结果报告如下。1　铁强化食盐的稳定性试验1 .1　方法1 .1 .1　铁强化食盐　由湖北省应城盐矿提供。1 .1 .2　贮存条…     

全程食用铁强化酱油对孕妇缺铁性贫血发生率的影响研究

目的:观察孕期食用铁强化酱油对孕妇缺铁性贫血的影响。方法:将617例孕妇分为铁强化酱油饮食组和普通酱油饮食组,于孕足月测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁蛋白(SF),统计缺铁性贫血发生情况。结果:食用铁强化酱油组缺铁性贫血发生率显著降低,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:铁强化酱油能够降低孕妇缺铁性贫血的发生率,且节约了铁剂,降低了胃肠道副作用发生率,更易于被孕妇接受。     

广西贫困地区铁强化酱油改善儿童缺铁性贫血效果研究

目的 了解铁酱油对广西贫困地区儿童缺铁性贫血改善效果,为其推广应用提供科学依据.方法 以广西贫困大石山区天等县城关小学、安康小学内宿生共673名作为本项目的 研究对象,研究观察时间持续4个月.其中城关小学376名内宿生作为干预组,食用铁强化酱油;安康小学299名内宿生作为对照组,食用普通酱油.4个月后比较两组人群的血红蛋白及贫血患病率,以及两组正常儿童和贫血儿童身高、体重的差异.结果 干预组学校儿童食用铁强化酱油后,血红蛋白均值显著高于食用铁酱油前,贫血患病率更是从干预前的30.1%,下降到6.1%,降低了80.4%;而对照组学校儿童的血红蛋白和贫血患病率均没有明显改变.结论 科学食用铁酱油是有效、快速、经济实惠的改善儿童铁营养的有效措施,值得在学校推广应用.     

农村地区缺铁性贫血儿童铁强化酱油干预效果研究

目的研究铁强化酱油改善农村地区儿童缺铁性贫血的效果。方法选择农村地区11所学校的缺铁性贫血儿童163名进行2个月的干预试验；对照组95名采用普通膳食，实验组68名采取补充铁强化酱油膳食，分别于干预前、后2个月测定末梢血血红蛋白含量。结果通过为期2个月的铁酱油干预，实验组血红蛋白含量增高显著，干预前（114．36±5．17）g/L，干预2个月后（135．84±11．70）g／L，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组血红蛋白增高不显著。实验组与对照组血红蛋白恢复率比较差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论铁强化酱油可在短期内提高缺铁性贫血儿童血红蛋白水平，是儿童缺铁性贫血有效的铁营养补充剂。     

铁强化酱油改善少年儿童缺铁性贫血效果观察

目的研究铁强化酱油对降低少年儿童缺铁性贫血患病率的效果。方法选择柳州市6000名幼儿园、小学及少数民族县中学少年儿童,用双盲对照法,进行6个月的铁强化酱油干预试验。观察指标主要是血红蛋白和膳食。干预组为在幼儿园、学校食堂就餐的少年儿童,每天食用乙二胺四乙酸铁钠酱油烹饪的饭菜。对照组则食用无乙二胺四乙酸铁钠的普通酱油。结果通过为期6个月用铁强化酱油对贫血高危人群少年儿童进行干预,干预组的少年儿童各年龄、性别组血红蛋白水平明显升高,人群缺铁性贫血患病率平均下降68.75%;对照组血红蛋白值干预前后基本无明显差异。同时,两组食物消费与干预前无明显差别。结论铁强化酱油对少年儿童缺铁性贫血具有明显干预效果。     

Issues in prevention of iron deficiency anemia in India

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be major public health problem in India. It is estimated that about 20% of maternal deaths are directly related to anemia and another 50% of maternal deaths are associated with it. The question, therefore, is why, despite being the first country to launch the National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme in 1970, the problem of IDA remains so widespread. As is to be expected, the economic implications of IDA are also massive. The issues of control of IDA in India are multiple. Inadequate dietary intake of iron, defective iron absorption, increased iron requirements due to repeated pregnancies and lactation, poor iron reserves at birth, timing of umbilical cord clamping, timing and type of complementary food introduction, frequency of infections in children, and excessive physiological blood loss during adolescence and pregnancy are some of the causes responsible for the high prevalence of anemia in India. In addition, there are other multiple programmatic and organizational issues. This review, therefore, is an attempt to examine the current burden of anemia in India, its epidemiology, and the various issues regarding its prevention and control, as well as to offer some innovative approaches to deal with this major health problem.     

Implications of malaria on iron deficiency control strategies

The populations in greatest need of iron supplementation are also those at greatest risk of malaria: pregnant women and young children. Iron supplementation has been shown to increase malaria risk in these groups in numerous studies, although this effect is likely diminished by factors such as host immunity, host iron status, and effective malaria surveillance and control. Conversely, the risk of anemia is increased by malaria infections and preventive measures against malaria decrease anemia prevalence in susceptible populations without iron supplementation. Studies have shown that subjects with malaria experience diminished absorption of orally administered iron, so that as a consequence, iron supplementation may have generally reduced efficacy in malarious populations. A possible mechanistic link between malaria, poor absorption of iron, and anemia is provided by recent research on hepcidin, the human iron control hormone. Our improved understanding of iron metabolism may contribute to the control of malaria and the treatment of anemia. Malaria surveillance and control are necessary components of programs to control iron deficiency and may enhance the efficacy of iron supplementation.     

Suggested actions for iron deficiency control in Indonesia

In Indonesia, four target groups were identified for interventions to reduce iron deficiency: infants, schoolchildren, adolescents, and adult women (female employees, pregnant and lactating women). Adequate strategies require not only curative but also preventive actions, need to reach all major risk groups in the society, need components to improve compliance, and be feasible in terms of costs and efforts. Preventive measures should be given more priority so that curative actions can be reduced. It cannot be expected that iron deficiency is alleviated with only one measure. Therefore a set of actions need to be implemented which require not only the support of the government but all parts of the society.     

The WHO programme of prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia and nutritional blindness

The vast extent and the world wide distribution of vitamin A deficiency is discussed. Its epidemiology is reviewed and sources of vitamin A in diets recorded, along with the high requirements of children. Strategy for prevention is described under three headings--short, medium and long term steps. Strategies in many countries received notice.     

维生素A在铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血治疗中的作用

近几年研究发现维生素A缺乏与铁缺乏具有显著的相关性,维生素A治疗缺铁性贫血和铁缺乏也取得了较好的临床效果.本文就维生素A缺乏与铁缺乏的相关性和作用机制,以及维生素A治疗缺铁性贫血的临床疗效和研究进展进行了综述,为维生素A用于儿童缺铁性贫血的防治提供依据,同时为降低我国儿童缺铁性贫血及铁缺乏的发病率提供更有效的防治措施.     

Food iron absorption in iron deficiency

The absorption of food iron in relation to the diet was studied in 10 phlebotomized normal young male subjects during 3 to 5 months. The iron absorption was calculated from the net increase of the hemoglobin mass. There was pronounced individual variation in the mean dietary absorption ranging between 1.9 and 5.0 mg. There was no correlation between the amount of iron absorbed and the amount of iron ingested. There was no apparent influence of a high or a low intake of animal products, cereals, vegetables, tea, or alcohol on the individual absorption values. A negative correlation between the iron absorption and the total amount of fecal dry substance was observed. This might be ascribed to an influence of dietary fibers on the absorption of food iron.     

妊娠期铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血对母胎影响的研究进展

妊娠期铁缺乏(Iron Deficiency,ID)和缺铁性贫血(Iron Deficiency Anemia,IDA)是近年产科研究的热点之一。本文综述了近年来国内外文献,概括妊娠期铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的流行现状,探讨铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血对孕妇和妊娠结局的影响,以及近年来动物实验中铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血对子代的影响。