人工髓核假体置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 比较人工髓核假体（PDN）置换术和传统单纯髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效,评价人工髓核假体置换术的实用价值。方法 施行人工髓核假体置换术18例,16例为单节段腰椎问盘突出症,2例为两节段腰椎间盘突出,均采用单枚PDN置人单个椎间盘间隙。对照组单纯髓核摘除术30例,22例为单节段腰椎间盘突出,8例为两节段腰椎间盘突出。观察两组病例的临床效果。结果 PDN组术后临床症状均消失,运动功能明显好转。6例获得9～22个月的随访,9例获得3～9个月的随访,椎间隙高度较手术前平均增加10．5％,无髓核假体移位突出,术后疗效明显优于单纯髓核摘除术组,两者相比差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 PDN置换术既能恢复脊柱的节段稳定性,又保持脊柱节段的活动性,适当的假体设计与材料选择也能使椎间盘与椎体后柱的负荷获得再平衡,有广泛的应用前景。     

人工髓核置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床初步报告

目的 介绍人工髓核置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术方法并评价其近期临床疗效。方法 自2002年3～4月采用人工髓核置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者9例，男6例，女3例；年龄22～48岁，平均33.4岁；病史8个月～3．6年，平均18.4个月。均为单间隙病变，以单纯腰痛为主者2例，腰痛伴一侧下肢放射痛或双侧下肢放射痛以一侧为主者7例。手术节段为L4.5 6例，LsS1 3例；后侧入路8例，经腹膜后侧前方入路1例。随访12～13个月．平均12.3个月。根据症状改善情况和影像学资料评价手术效果。结果 手术时间45～120min，平均60min；术中出血50～150ml，平均120ml。术后4～5d戴腰围下地活动，术后6周去腰围恢复正常活动。根据Oswestry下腰痛和功能不利评分,临床成功率88.9％；复查X线片示术后和术前椎间隙高度百分比为128％。1例患者术后腰痛缓解不明显，第4d出现健侧下肢放射痛，经卧床、脱水治疗后缓解。2例随访时摄正侧位X线片示植入物轻度移位，未见腰椎生理弧度异常改变．腰椎活动度正常。未见植入髓核脱出、感染等并发症。结论 人工髓核置换术在改善症状的同时能够增加椎间高度，维持腰椎的正常运动功能，近期临床疗效满意。     

腰椎间盘人工髓核置换术后中期疗效分析

目的探讨人工髓核（prosthetic disc nucleus，PDN）置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中期疗效，初步评价PDN置换术的实用价值。方法自2002年2月至8月采用单枚PDN假体置换术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者28例，术后随访48个月者22例。临床疗效评价内容包括：术后的主观症状改善情况、手术节段活动度、手术节段椎间隙高度变化，观察并统计手术并发症发生情况，并与同期行单纯髓核摘除术者进行对照研究。结果PDN组除2例假体脱出再次手术取出外，其余患者术后临床症状均明显缓解。Oswestry功能障碍指数显著改善，术前平均为53％，术后第24个月为15．5％，第36个月为16％，第48个月为15％。Prolo评分术前为4．3分，术后第48个月为8．7分。腰椎活动度术后第24个月平均为12．0°，第36个月为12．5°，第48个月为12．0°。手术节段椎间隙高度有不同程度地降低，较术前平均降低约18％。主要并发症包括：术后早期一过性腰痛18例，假体脱出2例，术后48个月随访时发现假体下沉12例，软骨终板损伤15例。术后临床疗效与单纯髓核摘除组比较大致相当。结论单枚PDN置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效肯定，能有效地保持腰椎功能，但仍不能有效地维持手术节殷椎阁隙高席．尚存存一此较为严重的并发痒．因此府严格掌握手术活席证．慎莺开展此项手术。     

人工髓核置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

[目的]评价人工髓核假体（prosthetic disc nucleus，PDN）治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期效果。[方法]2003年6—11月，对20例单节段腰椎间盘突出症施行PDN单枚置换术，并获得平均26．4（23—29）个月随访。[结果]1例术后因假体移位再次手术取出。其余19例患者术后临床症状均消失，运动功能明显改善，椎间隙高度较术前平均增加17．2％（P〈0．01）。其中1例手术椎间隙发生自融合。至随访末期Oswestry功能障碍指数及Prolo功能评分均明显改善。椎间隙高度增加值与临床评分改善值无相关性。[结论]PDN置换术能有效地治疗腰椎间盘突出症，并能恢复和维持退变椎间隙高度，近期效果肯定。过分强调术后椎间隙高度增加或许并不合适。     

Partial disc replacement with the PDN prosthetic disc nucleus device: early clinical results

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the PDN prosthetic disc nucleus device for the treatment of chronic discogenic back pain caused by degenerative disc disease. Among the 48 patients who underwent nucleus replacement surgery from January 2001 through May 2002, 46 patients were followed >6 months. The mean Oswestry Disability Index score was 58.9% preoperatively, and it improved to 18% at the 1-year follow-up. Visual Analogue Pain Scale scores improved from a preoperative mean of 8.5 to 3.1 after 1 year. The mean Prolo Scale score also improved from 5.2 preoperatively to 7.2 at 1 year. Major complications included four cases of device migration, requiring revision surgery, and infection in one patient. According to MacNab's criteria, results were excellent in 5 patients (10.9%), good in 31 (67.4%), fair in 3 (6.5%), and poor in 7 (15.1%). The overall clinical success rate was 78.3%. Nucleus replacement with the PDN device seemed to be effective in treating patients with chronic discogenic back pain caused by degenerative disc disease.     

人工髓核置换治疗腰椎间盘突出症

介绍一种骨科新技术,人工髓核置换治疗腰椎间盘突出症。通过其适应证与禁忌证、型号大小和手术方法,结合作者手术经验和短期观察进行讨论,部分患者术后出现短暂的剧烈腰痛,口服药物后缓解。在人工椎间盘置换和椎间隙最终行融合之前,恢复脊柱节段的功能,是脊柱外科的发展趋势,人工髓核是一种选择。     

腰椎椎间盘人工髓核置换(附20例随访)

目的;观察腰椎间盘人工髓核置换的效果。方法和结果：为了减少采杂念璋盘突出症手术后的后遗症,我们设计了人工髓核置换的手术。临床已地２０例,除一例掉出来外,１９例随访２～６年,疗效优良,能够维持椎体间术前高度。随核假体是椭圆形用硅橡胶制成。通过流行的后路椎间盘摘除手术进路,利用特制的注入器将假体注入椎间盘中央。因纤维环上切口小,假体恢复圆形后比切口大,不易掉出亚例掉出来的原因和防止方法作了介绍。文中从     

人工腰椎间盘置换术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的应用

目的 探讨人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法。方法 应用德国LINK公司的人工腰椎间盘置换手术治疗6例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中腰4.5椎间盘置换5例,腰5骰1椎间盘置换1例,全部病例均有神经根压迫症状,经MR或CT确诊。结果 6例患者术后经半年以上随诊,腰腿痛症状完全消失,术后4天下床活动,术后3个月检查置换椎间盘恢复活动。结论 人工腰椎间盘置换术适合55岁以下1～2个腰椎间盘病变的治疗,具有临床症状缓解迅速、彻底,能保持脊柱稳定和恢复腰椎间的活动,但应严格掌握手术适应证及手术的操作方法。     

人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨人工腰椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 自1999年12月～2001年12月对22例腰椎间盘突出症患者采用Link SB ChariteⅢ型人工椎间盘行椎间盘置换术,共置换假体30个,随访4～28个月（平均16个月）,分别于手术前后对患者的情况进行JOA评分。结果所有病例无术中并发症发生,术中出血100～800ml（平均320 ml）。术后第2d（早期病例为术后第7d）,患者可佩戴腰围下地,术后6周除去腰围恢复正常活动。术后X线片显示人工椎间盘位置正确,椎间隙高度恢复正常。患者腰腿痛症状消失,直腿抬高试验阴性。3例患者术后出现健侧肢体麻木。JOA评分较术前提高,差异有非常显著性意义（P<0.001）。无椎间盘假体脱落、失效,远期感染等术后并发症发生。结论 人工椎间盘置换术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

人工髓核置换腰椎间盘成形治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 采用人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术重建椎间盘功能。方法 行人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症33例，随访8月～12月。结果 部分患者术后出现短暂的剧烈腰痛，口服药物后缓解。所有患者，椎间高度保持，椎间活动存在，远期无腰痛症状，1例患者在植入6周后，髓核脱出，出现下肢疼痛，手术取出。结论 对于在人工椎间盘置换和椎间隙最终行融合之前，人工髓核置换椎间盘成形保留了椎间盘的功能，恢复脊柱节段的运动，减少邻近椎间隙和关节突的退变，是脊柱外科的发展趋势，人工髓核是一种选择。     

Adolescent lumbar disc herniation: a case report

Lumbar spine disc herniations in children are a relatively rare condition reported to occur in less than 3% of those presenting with low back pain. Unlike the adult, the etiology and clinical picture often provides few clues to making the diagnosis. Although conservative management is the treatment of choice, surgical intervention may be required in some cases. The role of spinal manipulation in these cases may be of limited value. A case report is presented that illustrates the difficulty in making the diagnosis and conservatively managing lumbar disc herniations in children.     

Alkaptonuria with lumbar disc herniation: a report of two cases

STUDY DESIGN: Two cases of lumbar disc herniation with alkaptonuria are presented. OBJECTIVES: To present a probable clinical course of lumbar disc herniation with alkaptonuria, a rare metabolic disease. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although lumbar disc disease is a common clinical occurrence in alkaptonuria, lumbar disc surgery is needed rarely in this disease. A patient with alkaptonuria without ochronotic signs is also rarely seen. METHODS: The cause, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques and treatment of alkaptonuria with lumbar disc disease are reviewed. RESULTS: The symptoms of the patients disappeared after surgery, and there were no symptoms on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Alkaptonuria frequently occurs in association with lumbar disc disease. In patients with no other signs of alkaptonuria or ochronosis, early detection of the disease is important to treat involvement of other systems (e.g., cardiovascular and urinary).     

Atypical lumbar disc herniation: a case report.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: This is a case report of a right posterolateral L5-S1 disc herniation that migrated to the left cephalad level to impinge on the left L5 nerve root as it exited the dura. The resultant free fragment migration is a rare variation of a posterolateral disc disruption. PURPOSE: The purpose is to report a rare variation of lumbar disc herniation not previously reported in the literature. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case report. PATIENT SAMPLE: A 60-year-old white woman. OUTCOME MEASURES: Resolution of the patient's left lower extremity symptoms.METHODS: Not applicable. RESULTS: The patient experienced resolution of most of her left lower extremity symptoms after a slightly modified microscopically assisted lumbar hemilaminectomy, discectomy and nerve root decompression. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare right to left migration of a sequestrated disc herniation, which was effectively treated with surgery.     

Osteopoikilosis mimicking lumbar disc herniation: a case report

It is important for the chiropractor to be able to determine the nature of the pathology discovered on plain film radiography, and to suggest appropriate follow-up investigations, deemed to be clinically appropriate. This case demonstrates the value of plain-film radiography in diagnosing a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia, which in 10–15% of affected individuals is associated with articular pain and swelling. However, the demonstration of the lesions on CT is unusual, in so far as plain-film radiography is the gold standard by which to diagnose this condition.     

Intradural lumbar disc herniation: report of two cases

Intradural lumbar disc herniation (ILDH) is a rare pathology. The pathogenesis of ILDH is not known with certainty. Adhesions between the ventral wall of the dura and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) could act as a preconditioning factor. Diagnosis of ILDH is difficult and seldom suspected preoperatively. Prompt surgery is necessary because the neurologic prognosis appears to be closely linked to preoperative duration of neurologic symptoms. Despite preoperatively significant neurological deficits, the prognosis following surgery is good. We report on two new cases of ILDH of high lumbar locations L1–2 and L2–3 with difficult differential diagnoses, and the possible pathogenic factors are discussed. Received: 25 June 1998 / Accepted: 15 April 1999     

Postoperative intraradicular lumbar disc herniation: A case report

An unusual case is presented in which a fragment of herniated lumbar disc was found within the sheath of the right S-1 nerve root. Diagnosis of intradural and intraradicular lumbar disc herniation is difficult, so that it is rarely suspected preoperatively. Surgical treatment results in a satisfactory clinical outcome.     

Intra-radicular lumbar disc herniation: report of two cases

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report two cases of intra-radicular disc herniation. SETTING: Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Afyon, Turkey, Vakif Gureba Training Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey and Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: Two cases with intra-radicular disc herniation at L2-3 level in one, and at L5-S1 level in the other were presented. Both patients were admitted with complaints of severe leg pain and motor weakness. In both cases, intra-radicular disc herniation was diagnosed during surgery. RESULTS: The patients had uneventful recovery. They had no complaints or neurological deficits 6 and 3 months after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of an intradural disc herniation should be kept in mind for the success of the management of lumbar disc herniation. In some patients who did not benefit from surgery, intra-radicular or intradural disc herniations may be the cause of failure.     

小切口加脊柱花刀治疗髓核骨化性腰椎间盘突出症

为保留腰椎后部结构的完整性，防止术后腰椎不稳，采用小切口单侧小开窗加脊柱花刀治疗旁侧型髓核骨化性腰椎间盘突出症22例，单侧扩大开窗加脊柱花刀治疗中央型髓核骨化性腰椎间盘突出症10例。手术尽可能地保留了腰椎全部结构的完整性，可防止术后腰椎不稳和减少对硬膜和神经根的疤痕粘连。并就32例髓核骨化性腰椎间盘突出症患者CT图像中髓核骨化的形式和形态进行了讨论。     

MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症91例临床分析

目的　探讨显微内窥镜腰椎间盘切除术 (Micro.Endoscopilc.Discectom y.MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术操作特点。手术适应症 ,并发症及临床效果 ,旨在正确认识这一新技术 ,提高手术疗效。方法　采用 MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症 91例 ,取后正中切口约 1.6 CM,操作间隙在 C臂 X光机准确定位后 ,按操作程序置入内窥镜 ,镜下行椎板间开窗切除椎间盘组织 ,对于伴有骨化及狭窄者 ,在特殊器械帮助下完成 ,对于进入椎管或止血十分困难者 ,选用自制的器械 ,行内窥镜下有限开窗术。结果　 91例均获得临床随访 ,时间 3个月— 1年 ,按陆裕朴疗效评定标准 ,优 80例 ,良 6例 ,可 3例 ,差 2例 ,优良率 94 .5 %。结论　 MED是一项发展中的技术。在发挥其优势的前提下 ,适应症的选择十分重要 ,预防手术并发症亦不可忽视。MED手术器械亟待改进 ,术者必须具备熟练的常规腰椎管手术技巧     

单节段腰椎间盘突出症单纯髓核摘除术后10年以上随诊观察

目的:观察单纯髓核摘除术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效及影像学改变。方法:1990～1998年我院经单纯髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者210例,对其中术后10年以上来门诊随访且资料完整的35例单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,其中全椎板切除髓核摘除术10例,开窗减压髓核摘除术25例。随访内容包括:询问病史、骨科查体、摄腰椎正侧位及过伸过屈位X线片、行腰椎MRI检查及ODI评分,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:随访时5例无腰腿疼痛症状,26例偶有腰痛及下肢酸痛,4例有明显腰腿痛。X线检查手术节段椎间隙变窄22例,占62.9%,手术节段残存活动度5.0°±3.2°,均未显示脊柱不稳定,依据U-CLA标准8例(22.9%)手术节段头侧相邻节段存在退变。MRI检查6例患者原手术节段可见椎间盘突出(占17.1%),其中4例有明显腰腿痛症状;依据改良Pfirrmann椎间盘退变分级,头侧椎间盘1～5级27例,6级及以上8例;12例手术节段存在终板信号改变,占34.3%,其中ModicⅠ型4例,Ⅱ型8例。随访时手术节段椎间隙狭窄与无狭窄患者的ODI评分有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两种术式患者ODI、相邻节段退变发生率和手术节段活动度均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:单节段腰椎间盘突出症单纯髓核摘除术后10年以上手术节段能保留一定活动度,无脊柱不稳发生,但手术椎间隙变窄、相邻节段退变发生率较高,其与腰部功能障碍相关。