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Savóia EJ Domingos M Guimarães ET Brumati F Saldiva PH 《Ecotoxicology and environmental safety》2009,72(1):255-260
The present study was made to check if the Trad-MCN bioassay, developed with inflorescences of Tradescantia pallida cv. Purpurea, might discriminate genotoxic risks in areas of the city of Santo André (SE Brazil) contaminated by different air pollutants, and periods of the year when risks are higher, and to determine if the variations in the frequency of micronuclei (MCN) can be explained by environmental factors that characterize the stressful situation in each site. Potted plants were exposed in sites highly contaminated by ozone (Capuava and School) and in sites reached by high vehicular emissions (downtown and Celso Daniel Park). Pedroso Park, far from the polluted areas, was taken as reference. From September 2003 to September 2004, 20 young inflorescences were collected twice a week from each place and the frequencies of MCN were estimated. The environmental conditions observed in the polluted sites were stressful enough to promote an increase of MCN, mainly in sites reached by high vehicular emissions. But MCN rates in Capuava and at Celso Daniel Park could not be predicted only by pollutants which characterized the air contamination in these sites. More severe weather conditions, mainly low temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, caused an increase of MCN. Improvement of the biomonitoring system is recommended to minimize this negative influence of weather factors. 相似文献
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Zavariz C Glina DM 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》1993,9(2):117-129
The aim of this research was to study metallic mercury poisoning in workers at a light bulb factory in Santo Amaro, S?o Paulo (Brazil). Visits were made to the factory to check both the work environment and the working conditions. Meetings with the workers took place in order to better understand the production process and how working conditions affect their health. Of the 91 workers investigated, 77 (84.62%) were chronically poisoned. Among chronically poisoned workers, 76 (98.70%) displayed neuropsychological alterations, 69 (75.82%) suffered from neurological impairments, 62 (68.13%) showed pathological findings under clinical examination, and 59 (63.96%) displayed psychiatric disorders. 相似文献
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Ribas DL Sganzerla A Zorzatto JR Philippi ST 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2001,17(2):323-331
This paper describes the health and nutritional situation of South American Indian children from a Teréna community, characterizing their nutritional status, food consumption, and socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The sample included 100 children, ranging from 0 to 59 months of age and living in Aldeia Córrego do Meio, Mato Grosso do Sul. Prevailing nutritional deficits were: 8.0% for the weight-for-age index, 16.0% for height-for-age, and 5.0% for weight-for-height. The growth deficit rate was higher than that of the Brazilian population as a whole, probably reflecting the precarious socioeconomic, environmental, and health conditions in this Teréna community. Analysis of the average nutrient sufficiency in the infant diet showed that nutritional recommendations for the different groups were not complied with. New studies, characterized as transdisciplinary and longitudinal, are necessary to better understand this process. 相似文献
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Moreira CM Zandonade E Lacerda T Maciel EL 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2010,26(8):1619-1626
The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of positive respiratory symptomatics among patients seeking treatment at primary health clinics in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 603 individuals that answered a questionnaire with socio-demographic data and a question on cough in the previous three weeks. The prevalence ratio was calculated with 5% significance. The proportion of patients with positive respiratory symptoms in the municipality was 4%, varying from 1.6 to 11.7% between regions. The majority (71%) did not report cough as the reason for coming to the health clinic. Variables significantly associated with respiratory symptoms were: shortness of breath (PR = 6.29; 95%CI: 2.22-21.81) and lack of appetite (PR = 2.75; 95%CI: 1.08-6.82). Among patients with respiratory symptoms, cough was the principal reason for seeking treatment. This condition was only associated with two variables, thus demonstrating the need to adopt different strategies to identify these individuals among the daily patient flow in primary health clinics. 相似文献
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de Resende MC Azevedo EG Lourenço LR Faria Lde S Alves NF Farina NP da Silva NC de Oliveira SL 《Ciência & saúde coletiva》2011,16(4):2115-2122
The scope of this research, carried out together with community-based health workers (ACS) was: (1) to evaluate the mental health of the ACS; (2) to describe the vital events in the last year of the ACS; (3) to inquire about the level of anxiety of the ACS; (4) to correlate mental health, vital events and anxiety of the ACS. Participants: 116 ACS. Measurements: socio-demographic questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, The Life Events Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The majority of the ACS presented a moderate degree of anxiety and positive mental health; they reported having experienced few stressful events in the past year, even though the majority had experienced health problems. The fact that most of the ACS reported having experienced moderate anxiety levels suggests a probable interference of specific characteristics of the profession. However, the fact that the persons subjectively identified the presence of anxiety and classified it at a given level presupposes that they are using control strategies, which is a factor that assists in maintaining mental health. 相似文献
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In Brazil, cervical uterine cancer is a major public health problem as it has high mortality rate indices among women of different ages. A cytopathological examination is recommended for preventing this type of cancer from the early stages of a woman's reproductive life. The scope of this study was both to give talks on sexual health education and establish the sexual health profile of women from St. Angelo/RS. The lectures included measures for prevention as well as identification of possible symptoms of the disease. The research into the sexual health profile of the participants was conducted by a structured questionnaire applied to 140 women aged between 15 and 60. It was found that even experiencing difficulties and apprehension, the majority of the women performed the preventive examination. The motivation for taking the exam is the appearance of symptoms and the habit of caring for their health. The participants mentioned the importance of health professionals and educators working together. The study sought to promote health and cancer prevention, seeking to avoid the disease and ensure better living conditions for women. 相似文献
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Drouin L Simard R Fontaine G Huneault C 《Santé publique (Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France)》2004,16(2):329-337
This paper describes the Québec experience in the design and implementation of occupational health programs in the workplace. To begin with, a brief overview of the historical context and organisational framework of occupational health are presented. Next, each of the phases involved in the design of occupational health programs is described: identification of workers' health and safety problems, selection of action priorities, and program design, implementation and evaluation.... In the end, the roles and responsibilities of the doctors, nurses and industrial hygienists generally involved in these multidisciplinary teams are presented. 相似文献
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Lacerda JT Castilho EA Calvo MC Freitas SF 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2008,24(8):1846-1858
The use of subjective indicators in dentistry has been increasing. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, analyzing the relationship between oral health conditions and quality of life in 35-44-year-old adults (n = 622). A further objective was to observe the influence of habits, dental visits, self-evaluation of health status, and socio-demographic characteristics in this process. The sample was selected using a multiple-stage approach. Trained professionals collected the data. A multiple non-conditional, hierarchical logistic regression model was used to analyze the determinants of low (Oral Impact on Daily Performance - OIDP < 3) and high (OIDP > 10) interference of oral health in daily routine. The response rate was 81%. Oral health status was found to interfere in the daily routine of 20.7% of participants and was more severe for 11.4%. Household crowding, low-income neighborhoods, female gender, and orofacial pain in the previous six months were associated with higher interference in quality of life. The use of subjective indicators in public health services planning and definition of priority groups for delivery of oral health services is highly recommended. 相似文献
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a four-month occupational based health-promoting programme for older persons living in community dwellings could maintain/improve their general health and well-being. Further, the aim was to explore whether the programme facilitated the older persons’ occupational adaptation. Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design, with a non-equivalent control group combined with semi-structured interviews. The intervention group comprised 22 participants, and the control group 18. Outcomes were measured using the Short Form 36, Life Satisfaction Index-Z and Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment. Content analysis, based on concepts from the Model of Occupational Adaptation, was used to analyse the interviews. Results: The intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in general health variables such as vitality and mental health, and positive trends for psychological well-being. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group, but the groups were not fully matched. The qualitative analysis based on Occupational Adaptation pointed out social aspects as a compliment to the overall results. Conclusions: Participating in meaningful, challenging activities in different environments stimulates the occupational adaptation process; this is something occupational therapists could use to empower older persons to find their optimal occupational lives. 相似文献
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Montenegro RM Zandonade E Molina Mdel C Diniz LM 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2012,28(1):31-38
Leprosy may present acute/subacute inflammatory processes (leprosy reactions). The study characterized the reactional states of patients at health clinics in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, and associated them with sociodemographic factors and clinical/nutritional variables. between January and December 2009, longitudinal follow-up of patients with leprosy continued until leprosy reactions occurred or patients completed 6 months of multidrug therapy. Of the 151 patients participating, 78 (51.7%) were females, 48 (31.8%) had 5 to 8 years schooling, 93 (61.6%) worked and earned from 1 to 3 minimum wages, and 55 (36.4 %) had leprosy reactions, but with no statistical association to socioeconomic characteristics or nutritional status. However, absence of reaction was more common in the low-weight group, suggesting a trend in this group to protection from the reaction (p = 0.0906). The study found no association between nutritional status and leprosy reaction. 相似文献
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Voyi K 《La Medicina del lavoro》2006,97(2):376-382
INTRODUCTION: The definition of globalisation is varied. However, one certainty is that in a globalised world the borders are porous in many aspects; people movement, goods exchange, knowledge sharing and redistribution of labour. The concept of globalisation, its impact on society, and its direction leads to a two-sided argument. Could this be the effect of globalisation on ethics and social responsibility, as it is perceived? This paper endeavours to further our understanding of the dynamic relationship of globalisation, ethics and social responsibility in occupational health. METHOD: The multidisciplinary activity approach to occupational health was used. The globalisation, ethical and social responsibility relationship of the activities in occupational health was analysed using a schematic map of the direct and indirect influences. RESULTS: The analysis revealed areas that can be clustered to address the interaction between driving forces in occupational health ethics and social responsibility for a healthy workforce. DISCUSSION: Each cluster is discussed highlighting areas of concern. In the discussion proposals are made on how we can modify the way we think in order to avoid repeating mistakes. Suggestion is made of using an innovative method borrowed from other disciplines and adopted for use in occupational health. A partnership approach is proposed and explored on how it will be applied in situations of unequal balance of power. 相似文献
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Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho Maria Lúcia Lebrão Ichiro Kawachi 《Annals of epidemiology》2012,22(12):863-867
PurposeTo test the association between income inequality and elderly self-rated health and to propose a pathway to explain the relationship.MethodsWe analyzed a sample of 2143 older individuals (60 years of age and over) from 49 distritos of the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Bayesian multilevel logistic models were performed with poor self-rated health as the outcome variable.ResultsIncome inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) was found to be associated with poor self-rated health after controlling for age, sex, income and education (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% credible interval, 1.01–1.38). When the practice of physical exercise and homicide rate were added to the model, the Gini coefficient lost its statistical significance (P > .05). We fitted a structural equation model in which income inequality affects elderly health by a pathway mediated by violence and practice of physical exercise.ConclusionsThe health of older individuals may be highly susceptible to the socioeconomic environment of residence, specifically to the local distribution of income. We propose that this association may be mediated by fear of violence and lack of physical activity. 相似文献
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This study investigated the relationships between systematic health, environment and safety (HES) activities (as defined by Norway's Internal Control Regulation), the working environment, and workers' health-related behaviour and health. A questionnaire on systematic HES activities was answered by 237 managers of motor vehicle repair garages. A further questionnaire, on the working environment, health-related behaviour and health, was answered by workers (n = 2174) from the same garages. Using regression analysis, systematic HES activities were positively and significantly correlated with the following separate outcome variables, measured at an individual level: satisfaction with HES activities, physical working environment, social support, HES-related management support, health-related support, and control and workers' participation in activities related to occupational health. Workers at garages with systematic HES activities reported fewer musculoskeletal symptoms. Firm conclusions on the direction of causality are difficult to draw because of the cross-sectional design. 相似文献
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Costa-e-Silva V Rivera FJ Hortale VA 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2007,23(6):1405-1414
This article describes an experience with the integration of various healthcare services, called the Integrar Project, in Vitória, capital of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and analyzes the project's contribution to the development of comprehensive healthcare practices. The case study used a qualitative approach and covered the period from 2000 to 2003, identifying the project's potential in the areas of maternal and child health, continuing health education, and the family health strategy, but also identified difficulties in establishing integrated treatment projects involving both the Family Health Program teams and the various medical specialties. To a major extent the work proposal failed to materialize, highlighting the need to review the strategy to include new forms of communications and developing greater formal cooperation, beyond the existing informal coordination between individuals, teams, or services, based on a contractual logic in public healthcare services. Standards and norms that are negotiated through dialogue and a management contract would allow the involvement of professionals in sharing common goals and changing work processes. Such changes would involve management tools and new values to ensure accountability. 相似文献
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Silva DD Sousa Mda L Wada RS 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2004,20(2):626-631
The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental caries, edentulism, and use of and need for complete dental prostheses in adults and the elderly in Rio Claro, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. The total sample included 202 subjects, 101 elderly (64 to 75 year-olds) and 101 adults (35 to 44 year-olds), who were examined by four examiners according to who criteria. Edentulism was 74.25% in the elderly and 8.91% in adults, and present teeth rates were 3.19 and 22.10, respectively. In the elderly and adults, DMFT was 31.09 and 22.86, respectively. MT was the major component of the DMFT index in the elderly group (92.64%), as compared to FT in the adult group (57%), followed by MT (40.54%). complete upper and lower dental prostheses were needed by only 1% of the adults; however, 48.5% of the elderly required complete upper prostheses and 45.5% complete lower prostheses. the data suggest that preventive and educational programs are needed for both the elderly group and adults in order for adults to enjoy good oral health when they reach old age. 相似文献
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Ibanhes LC Heimann LS Junqueira V Boaretto RC Pessoto UC Cortizo CT Castro IE Rocha JL Kayano J Luiz Odo C Barboza R Telesi E 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2007,23(3):575-584
This paper discusses the relationship between the public and private sectors in the Unified National Health System (SUS), based on research whose objective was to identify governance strategies and mechanisms for public/private relations in the health sector, considering the search for equity in Greater Metropolitan Sao Paulo, Brazil. Governance was used as an analytical category, with health system regulation as the issue. Municipal and State health secretaries, members of health councils, and SUS staff were interviewed, and the empirical material was classified as: (a) regulatory mechanisms and instruments; (b) power loci; and (c) actors' positions concerning the SUS and its relationship to the private sector. Mechanisms and instruments have been created and used in the municipalities for regulation of their own services. Regulatory measures for the complementary and supplementary healthcare sector are practically nonexistent. There are numerous institutional power loci, seen more as places for submitting demands than as forums for negotiation. Despite some progress, governance appears to be more of a formal issue. Discussion is needed on the relationship between the public and private sectors and its regulation by municipalities in order to improve the health system. 相似文献