细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜脑炎脑脊液sCD14的测定及其临床意义

目的 探讨细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜脑炎时脑脊液sCDl4的变化及其临床意义。方法 细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜脑炎患者入院24h内腰穿取脑脊液，用ELISA法测sCDl4的浓度，同时记录Glasgow评分，记录距离取脑脊液3d内的一次脑电图异常程度评分。分析脑脊液sCDl4与Glasgow评分和脑电图异常程度评分的关系。结果 细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜脑炎患者脑脊液sCDl4显著高于对照组，细菌性脑膜炎患者脑脊液sCDl4显著高于病毒性脑膜脑炎患者；脑脊液sCDl4浓度与脑0电图异常程度评分正相关，与Glasgow评分负相关。结论 细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜脑炎时脑脊液sCDl4显著升高，并且与脑功能损害程度正相关。     

降钙素原在不同病原体感染脑膜炎中的临床价值

目的分析降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)在不同病原体感染脑膜炎中的临床价值。方法 103例急性脑膜炎患者在抗生素治疗前行腰穿检查,根据临床表现和脑脊液细胞学检查结果分成细菌性脑膜炎组和病毒性脑炎组。PCT、外周血CRP和血常规白细胞计数在入院和治疗后分别测定,采用化学发光免疫分析法检测103例急性脑膜炎患儿血清PCT及脑脊液PCT。结果治疗前细菌性脑膜炎组患者血清PCT浓度(15.36±7.25)ng/mL,脑脊液PCT浓度(0.91±0.32)ng/mL,病毒性脑膜炎组患者血清PCT浓度(0.88±0.42)ng/mL,脑脊液PCT浓度(0.23±0.11)ng/mL,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经抗生素治疗后细菌性脑膜炎组患儿血清PCT浓度(6.78±3.45)ng/mL,明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论降钙素原对鉴别细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎具有重要的临床价值,同时也可作为细菌性脑膜炎的疗效指标。     

结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患者的血脑屏障破坏与脑脊液蛋白质指数变化

目的：分析结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患者血脑屏障破坏与脑脊液白蛋白指数变化的关系及中枢神经系统免疫状况,为临床治疗提供指导。方法结核组31例,27例病毒性脑炎患者为病毒组,同时选取性别、年龄无显著性差异、排除中枢神经系统感染的患者22例为对照组,采用免疫比浊法检测3组患者血清和脑脊液白蛋白及Ig A、Ig M、Ig G等免疫球蛋白水平,观察3组指标的变化情况。结果结核组脑脊液白蛋白水平及脑脊液白蛋白指数高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结核组和病毒组血脑屏障损伤程度均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,结核组IgA、IgG、IgM指数均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论结核性脑膜炎患者血脑屏障损害较病毒性脑炎患者严重,且中枢免疫反应强于病毒性脑炎患者。     

血清PCT CRP及TNF-α检测对小儿脑膜炎的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨血清PCT、CRP及TNF-α检测对小儿脑膜炎的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例细菌性脑膜炎及30例病毒性脑膜炎患儿的临床资料,选择30例健康儿童纳入对照组,比较3组研究对象血清PCT、CRP及TNF-α的差异。结果细菌性脑膜炎组患儿血清PCT、CRP及TNF-α均较病毒性脑膜炎组、对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PCT在病毒性脑膜炎组及对照组患儿间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清CRP、TNF-α在病毒性脑膜炎组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清PCT水平可作为早期诊断及鉴别诊断小儿细菌性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎的一个敏感指标,联合检测PCT与CRP、TNF-α则更具临床价值。     

小儿急性细菌性脑膜炎患者C反应蛋白水平及临床意义

目的 检测小儿急性细菌性脑膜炎患者外周血和脑脊液中C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并探讨其在疾病发展过程中的价值.方法 采集28例急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿和18例健康儿童外周血和脑脊液标本,检测CRP浓度,评价临床价值.结果 急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中CRP水平明显比对照组高(P < 0.05).经使用抗生素治疗后,急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中CRP水平显著下降(P < 0.05).结论 急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿外周血和脑脊液中CRP明显升高,可用于判断疾病发展的转归.     

检测脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶在小儿脑膜炎中的应用

目的研究脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测对小儿脑膜炎类型和所处时期的诊断作用。方法选取2013-06—2014-06在我院接受治疗的脑膜炎患儿40例,其中细菌性脑膜炎20例,病毒性脑膜炎20例,根据患儿疾病类型分为细菌组和病毒组。选取经家长同意参加试验的健康儿童20例作为对照组。观察组患儿采用头孢曲松联合万古霉素治疗,严重者接受甾体药物治疗。入院当天及恢复期分别行腰椎穿刺术,取脑脊液2mL测定乳酸脱氢酶含量。对照组不进行任何治疗,仅取2mL脑脊髓液进行乳酸脱氢酶含量检测。结果细菌组急性期和恢复期脑脊液中乳酸脱氢酶含量均高于病毒组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病毒组在急性期和恢复期与对照组脑脊液中乳酸脱氢酶含量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同种类型不同时期的脑脊液中乳酸脱氢酶含量比较,仅细菌性脑膜炎急性期数据明显高于恢复期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶检测能够帮助区分患儿的脑膜炎类型,并能够判断细菌性脑膜炎患儿所处时期,有利于治疗药物的选择。     

小儿脑膜炎患者脑脊液IGF-Ⅱ IGFBP-3水平的测定及意义

目的测定小儿脑膜炎患者脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGF?Ⅱ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平变化,探讨其临床意义,为疾病鉴别诊断提供依据。方法选取2006-03—2014-03于我院儿科收治的脑膜炎患儿75例为研究对象,化脓性脑膜炎25例,病毒性脑膜炎25例,结核性脑膜炎25例,另选取于我院同期进行体检的健康儿童25例为对照组。对所有研究对象进行腰椎穿刺术提取脑脊液,用于脑脊液生化检测,观察并比较小儿脑脊液中IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平变化情况。结果与对照组比较,化脓性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平均明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);经治疗后,化脓性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平较治疗前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);化脓性脑膜炎组与对照组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对小儿脑膜炎患者进行脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平的测定,能够为不明类型的脑膜炎鉴别诊断提供依据。     

病毒性脑炎及化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液1-磷酸鞘氨醇水平的变化

目的探讨病毒性脑炎及化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液(CSF)1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)的变化。方法选取病毒性脑炎患儿30例,化脓性脑膜炎患儿30例以及非颅内感染患儿(对照组)20例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定CSF中S1P水平。结果化脑组CSF中S1P水平高于病脑组及对照组[(0.217±0.017)nmol/L vs(0.191±0.010)nmol/L、(0.172±0.015)nmol/L,P0.05];病脑组CSF中S1P的水平高于对照组[(0.191±0.010)nmol/L vs(0.172±0.015)nmol/L,P0.05]。结论 S1P参与儿童颅内感染发病过程,在不同病原导致的颅内感染中作用程度可能不同。     

结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中LDH、AST的改变分析

目的 探讨结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液酶水平变化情况,方法 在治疗前采集结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液标本40例,病毒性脑膜炎患者脑脊液标本60例和正常人群脑脊液标本20例,用酶速率法测定AST、ALT、r-GT、ALP、LDH、α-HBDH、CK、CK-MB八种酶水平。结果 结核性脑膜炎组LDH、AST酶水平为180.88±112.19、42.15±11.81,显著高于病毒性脑炎组(P<0.01)和正常对照组(P<0.01)结论 对脑脊液进行LDH、AST检测,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎。     

C反应蛋白检测在诊断新生儿细菌性脑膜炎中的应用分析

目的 探讨C反应蛋白水平检测在诊断新生儿细菌性脑膜炎中的临床应用价值.方法 选取我院新生儿科收治的32例急性细菌性脑膜炎新生儿患者为观察组,选取同期于我院住院治疗的30例病毒性脑膜炎的新生儿患者为对照组,对比2组患儿的脑脊液细胞数、脑脊液蛋白以及血清C反应蛋白的检测结果,同时对比2组患儿治疗前后C反应蛋白的变化情况.结果 观察组脑脊液细胞数、脑脊液蛋白以及血清C反应蛋白检测结果均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.经过规范治疗后,观察组血清C反应蛋白水平较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05）,2组患儿治疗后的C反应蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 在新生儿细菌性脑膜炎的诊疗过程中,监测其C反应蛋白水平变化,能够对临床抗感染药物的选择、疗程的制定以及疾病预后判断起到重要的参考作用.     

Evaluation of antioxidant status in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis

Antioxidant status was investigated in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis to investigate the possible role of free radicals in children with meningitis and encephalitis. Our study included 16 children with acute bacterial meningitis, 13 with encephalitis, and 17 control subjects. Serum ceruloplasmin, uric acid, albumin, bilirubin superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were studied in all subjects within 6 h of admission. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all parameters except for serum uric acid. All antioxidant activities except for albumin level were increased in the study groups. Albumin level was higher in the control group than those of meningitis and encephalitis groups. When the values of meningitis and encephalitis were compared, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for serum SOD, GPx, ceruloplasmin, and albumin. In conclusion, our study showed that serum SOD, GPx, catalase, and ceruloplasmin were higher in children with acute bacterial meningitis and serum SOD, GPx, catalase, ceruloplasmin, and total bilirubin levels were increased in children with encephalitis. These findings suggest that antioxidant status was almost similar in both acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis conditions in childhood.     

Brief clinical study: Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in children with acute purulent meningitis and encephalitis

In this study, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were investigated in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis. The aim was to determine whether there was a possible role of free radicals in meningitis and encephalitis in childhood. Our study included 16 children with acute bacterial meningitis, 13 with encephalitis, and 17 control subjects. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and retinol levels were studied in all subjects within 6 h of admission. There was a statistically significant difference for serum MDA, GSH, and vitamin C between the groups. Serum MDA and vitamin C levels were higher, and serum GSH levels were lower in the study groups compared to the control group. Vitamin C levels were similar in both the encephalitis and control groups, but they were significantly lower in the children with encephalitis than the meningitis group. In conclusion, our study showed that serum MDA and GSH levels were affected in children with both meningitis and encephalitis, but vitamin C level was affected only in children with meningitis. Serum vitamin E, beta-carotene, and retinol levels were not changed in childhood meningitis and encephalitis.     

Brief Clinical Report: EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AND ENCEPHALITIS

Antioxidant status was investigated in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis to investigate the possible role of free radicals in children with meningitis and encephalitis. Our study included 16 children with acute bacterial meningitis, 13 with encephalitis, and 17 control subjects. Serum ceruloplasmin, uric acid, albumin, bilirubin superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were studied in all subjects within 6 h of admission. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all parameters except for serum uric acid. All antioxidant activities except for albumin level were increased in the study groups. Albumin level was higher in the control group than those of meningitis and encephalitis groups. When the values of meningitis and encephalitis were compared, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for serum SOD, GPx, ceruloplasmin, and albumin. In conclusion, our study showed that serum SOD, GPx, catalase, and ceruloplasmin were higher in children with acute bacterial meningitis and serum SOD, GPx, catalase, ceruloplasmin, and total bilirubin levels were increased in children with encephalitis. These findings suggest that antioxidant status was almost similar in both acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis conditions in childhood     

乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量变化与临床的关系

目的研究乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量变化的临床意义。方法检测46例乙脑患儿极期、恢复期血清和脑脊液中NSE含量,检测23例对照组儿童血清和脑脊液中NSE含量。结果乙脑患儿极期血清和脑脊液中NSE含量在普通型、重型、对照组三组之间两两比较差异均有显著统计学意义;恢复期普通型乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;恢复期重型乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量与普通型、对照组比较差异均有统计学意义;各型乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量极期与恢复期比较差异有显著统计学意义;极期乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量变化呈正相关。结论乙脑患儿血清和脑脊液中NSE含量随乙脑的发生发展缓解而变化,其增高程度与病情的严重程度呈正相关。检测NSE水平对判定乙脑患儿脑损伤程度及预后有重要参考价值。     

血清降钙素原在鉴别小儿不典型化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎的作用

目的 对比血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞数(WBC)在鉴别不典型化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎中的价值.方法 把研究对象分为3组,分别为病毒性脑炎组(viral encephalitis)、不典型化脓性脑膜炎组(atypical bacterial meningitis)和典型化脓性脑膜炎组(typical bacterial meningitis),另选20名性别年龄匹配的正常儿童作为正常对照组(normal control group),分别测PCT值、CRP值和WBC值,各组指标比较应用独立样本t检验及卡方检验,并应用ROC曲线比较三者在鉴别病毒性脑炎和不典型化脓性脑膜炎的敏感性和特异性.结果 血清PCT在不典型化脓性脑膜炎、化脓性脑膜炎组与病毒性脑膜炎组、正常对照组之间差异有统计学意义;血清CRP在病毒性脑炎与化脓性脑膜炎之间差异有统计学意义,但在不典型化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎组之间差异无统计学意义;血清WBC在病毒性脑炎组和不典型化脓性脑膜炎组之间差异无统计学意义,但在典型化脓性脑膜炎组与病毒性脑膜炎组差异有统计学意义.不典型化脓性脑膜炎组与病毒性脑炎组中,PCT对不典型化脓性脑膜炎诊断的ROC曲线下面积93.9%,大于WBC和CRP.结论 不典型化脓性脑膜炎时,PCT升高,病毒性脑炎时PCT升高不明显.PCT在鉴别不典型化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎时有一定临床应用价值.     

Neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in cerebrospinal fluid from meningitis/encephalitis patients

The neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 61 patients with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or encephalitis, and other diseases by means of two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurotrophin-4 were demonstrated in four of the 11 patients with bacterial meningitis, and seven of the 23 patients with viral meningitis or encephalitis. None of the other patients demonstrated elevation of the neurotrophin-4 level in cerebrospinal fluid. The neurotrophin-4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with the numbers of total and mononuclear cells in patients with viral meningitis/encephalitis. In patients with bacterial meningitis, three of the four patients with elevated neurotrophin-4 levels exhibited persistent abnormalities on computed tomography, and one revealed transient subdural effusion. On the other hand, none of the seven patients without neurotrophin-4 elevation had persistent computed tomography abnormalities, and five patients demonstrated transient computed tomography abnormalities. The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels were below the detection limit, or only slightly higher than the detection limit, in the patients with or without central nervous system infections. Although the precise roles of neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in central nervous system infections remain to be determined, neurotrophin-4 might play a neuroprotective or immunomodulatory role in central nervous system infections.     

磁共振成像及脑脊液细胞学对病毒性脑(膜)炎的诊断性研究

目的探讨MRI和脑脊液细胞学检测阳性率、异常程度和发病时间对病毒性脑(膜)炎诊断和制定治疗方案的指导价值。方法回顾189例病毒性脑(膜)炎患者的头部MRI及脑脊液检查资料,分析MRI正常或异常患者在疾病早期的脑脊液细胞学改变。结果 189例患者中96例(50.79%)呈现MRI异常影像、129例(68.25%)脑脊液细胞学检测异常。MRI异常患者中脑脊液细胞学检测异常率为72.92%(70/96),与MRI正常患者(63.44%,59/93)比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论病毒性脑(膜)炎患者在疾病早期MRI改变晚于脑脊液细胞学改变,但二者对提示诊断和制定治疗方案均具有重要临床意义。     

小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液中HBP和VE-cadherin的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值

目的 探讨小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液肝素结合蛋白(Heparin-binding protein,HBP)和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(Vascular endothelial-cadherin,VE-cadherin)的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取2019年2月-2021年本院收治的化脓性脑膜炎患儿106例[(Purulent meningitis,PM)组]和病毒性脑炎患儿75例[(Vascular endothelial,VE)组],同时选取60例在本院就诊的非感染性疾病患儿作为对照组; 比较3组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平变化; 将PM组患儿依据出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)标准分为预后良好组和预后不良组,对比预后良好组和预后不良组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平以及其他可能的影响因素; 采用Logistic回归分析法明确影响化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素; 绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平对化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的预测价值。结果 入院第1 d PM组、VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于对照组(P<0.05); PM组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于VE组(P<0.05)。治疗后PM组与VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均低于入院第1 d(P<0.05),但2组治疗7 d后比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,预后不良组休克、意识障碍、脑脊液细菌培养阳性的占比、脑脊液白细胞计数(White blood cell,WBC)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示,休克、意识障碍、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平均是化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析显示,入院第1 d脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(Areaunder the curve,AUC)分别为93.57%、92.16%、0.915,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测; 治疗7 d后脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为96.89%、95.71%、0.931,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测。结论 在化脓性脑膜炎患儿中脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平异常升高,且是导致化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素,对小儿化脓性脑膜炎的预后具有较高的预测价值。     

病毒性脑炎患儿行亚低温联合纳洛酮治疗分析

目的探讨亚低温联合纳洛酮治疗对病毒性脑炎患儿的临床疗效、脑脊液相关指标及预后。方法对60例病毒性脑炎患儿的临床资料进行分析,根据治疗方案的不同分为2组,行纳洛酮联合亚低温治疗的30例患儿为研究组,行常规治疗的30例患儿为对照组,比较2组症状改善情况、脑脊液指标、血清蛋白代谢指标及预后情况。结果对照组体温控制、抽搐控制等所用时间较研究组长,CRP、IL-6、TNF-a、NSE、MBP、S100蛋白水平较研究组高,且后遗症发生率较研究组高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论病毒性脑炎患儿行纳洛酮联合亚低温治疗可降低后遗症发生率与血清蛋白代谢指标水平,改善疾病症状。     

Neurotrophin-3 levels in cerebrospinal fluid from children with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or encephalitis

Neurotrophin-3 levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 35 patients with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or encephalitis by two-site enzyme immunoassay. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurotrophin-3 were demonstrated in 8 of 18 patients with bacterial meningitis. Follow-up examination of the eight patients at the convalescent stage showed diminished cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurotrophin-3. In contrast, none of the 17 patients with viral meningitis or encephalitis showed an elevation of neurotrophin-3 levels in cerebrospinal fluid. No relationships were observed between neurotrophin-3 levels and cerebrospinal fluid cell numbers, cerebrospinal fluid protein levels, serum C-reactive protein concentrations, or outcome in bacterial meningitis. Since neurotrophin-3 is involved in the survival of neurons and the modulation of the immune system, neurotrophin-3 could play a neuroprotective or immunomodulatory role in bacterial meningitis.