小儿外科病房应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的护理管理

目的探讨小儿外科应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的护理管理方法及效果。方法对小儿外科病区通过病区改造、人力资源管理、工作流程优化与质量控制等措施,实施应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的应急管理。结果全科医务人员新型冠状病毒肺炎相关知识及隔离防护知识考核均达标。新收治2例急诊手术患儿手术顺利,术后1周出院;12例化疗患儿均顺利完成治疗出院;9例重症患儿经积极治疗后病情稳定;11例滞留在院患儿在交通恢复后陆续出院。患儿、陪护人员及医务人员均未发生医院感染。结论科学规范的管控措施,能保证小儿外科疫情期间医疗护理的正常运行,同时保障患儿及陪护人员的安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期产房防控应急管理

目的加强新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期产房防控管理,控制医院感染发生。方法迅速成立产房应急管理小组,制定急诊孕妇预检分诊收治流程;严格落实分娩分区、分娩间规范终未处理、医务人员分级防护等院感防控措施;科学管理与调配人力;注重分娩过程中的安全管理。结果收治分娩孕妇160例,其中确诊或疑似新型冠状病毒肺炎孕妇37例;经阴道分娩57例,剖宫产术103例;未发生产妇及医护人员医院感染。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,快速建立产房应急管理体系、科学管理人力资源并严格落实院感防控措施,可有效地保障母婴安全,防止医院感染发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间综合医院手术室的规范化管理

目的避免新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间手术患者及医务人员感染。方法从疫情防控三级组织、择期手术和急诊手术患者的管理、手术室布局管理、手术相关人员管理、医院感染控制管理方面总结疫情期间的规范化管理方法。结果共实施手术448台,其中急诊手术282台,疑似新型冠状病毒肺炎患者手术5台。参与手术的医护人员及辅助工人1 200余人次,均未发生新型冠状病毒肺炎职业暴露及医院感染。结论手术室规范化管理制度和流程指引有利于参与手术的各类人员在紧急情况下有序应对和及时抢救,同时可避免职业暴露及医院感染的发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间外科手术安全防控体会

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间外科手术安全防控措施及流程。方法解读新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案、新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案以及医疗机构内新型冠状病毒肺炎感染预防与控制技术指南后,笔者所在医院制定及完善了手术安全防控措施及流程。结果统计笔者所在医院从2020年1月22日至2020年2月10日行手术患者567例,其中手术中心手术501例,介入中心手术66例。所有手术中,急诊手术303例,限期及择期手术264例。在急诊手术中,占前3位的分别是剖腹产130例,占42.9%;腹部消化系统手术63例,占20.8%;头颅手术31例,占10.2%。限期及择期手术中占前4位的是眼科良性疾病手术65例,占24.6%;肿瘤患者57例,占21.6%;骨科手术53例,占20.1%;冠脉造影25例,占9.4%。所有手术患者均顺利完成手术,术后均恢复良好,无外科严重并发症发生,无感染相关并发症发生。结论在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,通过调整优化措施及流程,可以开展外科手术和实施疫情防控。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后期手术室感染防控管理

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后期手术室预防医院感染、保证手术患者及医护人员安全的有效方法。方法成立手术室新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后期感染防控专职小组,制定手术人员健康准入、办公区感染防控、患者入室筛查、手术患者家属管理、疑似或确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎手术感染防控等管理策略并严格实施。结果 2020年3月9～18日实施择期手术36例,急诊手术71例,其中9例按疑似/确诊病例实施手术,无医护人员感染事件发生。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后期感染防控管理策略的制定与实施,有利于手术室工作科学、有序开展,保障患者和医护人员安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下急诊创伤骨科诊疗行为的建议和策略

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下急诊创伤骨科诊疗行为的建议和策略。方法回顾性分析2020年1月21日至2月15日期间武汉大学人民医院骨外科收治的128例急诊创伤骨科患者资料,男71例,女57例;年龄为5~88岁,平均48.7岁。门诊处置107例;住院手术21例,其中急诊手术4例,择期手术17例。记录患者和医务人员感染COVID-19的情况,总结疫情暴发以来实施的一些措施和经验。结果107例接受门诊处置的患者中,3例确诊COVID-19,3例疑似COVID-19。4例接受急诊手术的患者中,1例疑似COVID-19;17例接受择期手术的患者中,1例确诊COVID-19,2例疑似COVID-19。医务人员感染COVID-19的情况:2名护士确诊COVID-19,但均为轻症患者;1名医生和1名护士均疑似COVID-19。医务人员感染COVID-19均发生在疫情防控措施执行之前,不排除社区感染的可能。结论各级医疗机构在做好COVID-19防控的同时,保证安全、有效的医疗行为正常运转尤为重要。在COVID-19疫情期间,参与急诊创伤骨科的一线医务人员的接诊过程均面临诸多挑战。通过健全急诊创伤分诊流程、住院患者分类管理、住院病房优化管理、围手术期标准预防、完善落实医护防护制度、患者及陪护宣教配合等措施,可降低院内COVID-19感染发生率,在疫情期间依然可以为急诊创伤骨科患者提供优质、安全的医疗服务。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤患者急诊救治的护理管理

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤患者急诊救治的护理管理策略。方法实施疫情期间创伤患者急诊救治管理,包括改造急诊外科区域、组建疫情防控管理团队、实施基于临床需求的知识培训、改进创伤急诊救治流程、实施患者的安全转运、落实医护人员防护等措施。结果截至2020年3月31日,我院接诊创伤患者644例,其中严重创伤45例,疑似和确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎患者28例,未发生医护人员及患者医院感染。结论重视并科学应对疫情,积极完善制度与流程,狠抓防控措施落实,可确保创伤患者得到及时有效救治,同时有效防范医院感染发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下胸腰椎骨折患者围手术期的处理及防护

近期,新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019 coronavirus disease, COVID-19)疫情爆发以来,对我国乃至世界人民的生命健康造成了巨大的威胁。当前正处于疫情的特殊时期,如何做好胸腰椎骨折患者围手术期的处理及防护是目前临床上急需解决的重大难题。笔者认为,针对胸腰椎骨折患者围手术期的管理应建立在严格筛查新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的前提下进行,遵循处置流程及规范,做好急诊患者的接诊与筛查,结合患者骨折的分型、有无脊髓神经损伤等不同情况,制定具体的处置方案,重点加强特殊时期胸腰椎骨折患者围手术期的防护管理环节。在保证患者能够得到安全、有效治疗的同时,最大程度降低医护人员被感染的风险。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间实施乳腺癌手术管理流程策略调整探讨

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)疫情期间实施乳腺癌手术管理流程策略调整,总结经验。方法依据《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》《绵阳市中心医院新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控期间手术工作制度(第二版)》等,绵阳市中心医院乳腺外科制定了疫情期间乳腺癌手术管理流程调整策略和方案。结果于2020年1月25日至2020年2月11日期间笔者所在医院施行乳腺癌手术8例,均为女性,平均年龄45岁。其中5例行乳腺癌改良根治术,2例行保乳手术+前哨淋巴结活检术,1例行保乳手术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术。8例患者均经空心针穿刺活检诊断为乳腺浸润性导管癌,患者术后均顺利恢复,未出现并发症,按计划出院,无患者及医务人员出现新型冠状病毒感染。结论 NCP疫情时期,通过调整手术管理流程策略,可以进行乳腺癌手术,并可有效防控疫情。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者围手术期处理及防护的认识与思考

新近在中国武汉集中暴发的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)所致肺炎(新冠肺炎,WHO定名:COVID-19)疫情严重威胁人民健康,目前已累及25个国家和地区。截至2020年2月13日,中国累计确诊病例63 946例,疑似病例10 109例,病死率2.06%。目前认为SARS-CoV-2传播途径主要是飞沫传播和密切接触,尚不能排除气溶胶和粪-口传播的可能。最新研究表明,新冠肺炎具有非常高的传播效率(R0为3.77)。按照国家卫生健康委员会的要求,疫情暴发期间外科手术的开展限于急诊手术和限期手术。对于疑似或确诊感染新冠肺炎患者外科手术时如何进行围手术期的防护,目前国内外尚无相关指南和共识,缺乏可借鉴的成熟经验。据不完全统计武汉大学中南医院与武汉大学人民医院在疫情期间共收治50例围手术期新冠肺炎患者,其中2例为术后确诊新冠肺炎,围手术期导致16名医务等相关人员感染;48例为术前新冠肺炎疑似或确诊患者,围手术期采取针对性的防护措施后未出现医务相关人员的感染。笔者根据中南大学湘雅医院在新冠肺炎流行期间制定的隔离措施和防护经验,结合上述武汉市两所医院的病例资料,探讨在新冠肺炎流行期间医务人员如何进行围手术期规范操作,制定有效的防护措施。     

Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been designated a public health emergency of international concern. To prepare for a pandemic, hospitals need a strategy to manage their space, staff, and supplies so that optimum care is provided to patients. In addition, infection prevention measures need to be implemented to reduce in-hospital transmission. In the operating room, these preparations involve multiple stakeholders and can present a significant challenge. Here, we describe the outbreak response measures of the anesthetic department staffing the largest (1,700-bed) academic tertiary level acute care hospital in Singapore (Singapore General Hospital) and a smaller regional hospital (Sengkang General Hospital). These include engineering controls such as identification and preparation of an isolation operating room, administrative measures such as modification of workflow and processes, introduction of personal protective equipment for staff, and formulation of clinical guidelines for anesthetic management. Simulation was valuable in evaluating the feasibility of new operating room set-ups or workflow. We also discuss how the hierarchy of controls can be used as a framework to plan the necessary measures during each phase of a pandemic, and review the evidence for the measures taken. These containment measures are necessary to optimize the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of viral transmission to other patients or healthcare workers.     

Rethinking preparedness planning in disaster emergency care: lessons from a beyond-surge-capacity event

Since the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, nations showed their unpreparedness to deal with a mass casualty incident of this proportion and severity, which resulted in a tremendous number of deaths even among healthcare workers. The World Society of Emergency Surgery conceived this position paper with the purpose of providing evidence-based recommendations for the management of emergency surgical patients under COVID-19 pandemic for the safety of the patient and healthcare workers. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) through the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and SCOPUS databases. Synthesis of evidence, statements and recommendations were developed in accordance with the GRADE methodology. Given the limitation of the evidence, the current document represents an effort to join selected high-quality articles and experts’ opinion. The aim of this position paper is to provide an exhaustive guidelines to perform emergency surgery in a safe and protected environment for surgical patients and for healthcare workers under COVID-19 and to offer the best management of COVID-19 patients needing for an emergency surgical treatment. We recommend screening for COVID-19 infection at the emergency department all acute surgical patients who are waiting for hospital admission and urgent surgery. The screening work-up provides a RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab test and a baseline (non-contrast) chest CT or a chest X-ray or a lungs US, depending on skills and availability. If the COVID-19 screening is not completed we recommend keeping the patient in isolation until RT-PCR swab test result is not available, and to manage him/she such as an overt COVID patient. The management of COVID-19 surgical patients is multidisciplinary. If an immediate surgical procedure is mandatory, whether laparoscopic or via open approach, we recommend doing every effort to protect the operating room staff for the safety of the patient.     

Infection prevention and surgery in the pandemic era

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on surgical specialties. COVID-19 carries a significant risk to the surgical patient and the healthcare workers looking after them, with an increased incidence of pulmonary complications and mortality in patients who test positive perioperatively. Appropriate infection prevention and control measures are critical to ensure appropriate care is given and to reduce the risk of onward transmission. This article will discuss the measures that have been instigated and contributed to infection control in surgery, such as testing, patient isolation, personal protective equipment and ventilation. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to healthcare workers across many specialities working together to provide essential clinical care. This collaborative approach is critical to maintain excellent infection prevention and control practices required during this pandemic, which protect patients and preserve surgical services.     

Critical adjustments and trauma surgery trends in adaptation to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia

Malaysia has one of the highest total numbers of COVID-19 infections amongst the Southeast Asian nations, which led to the enforcements of the Malaysian “Movement Control Order” to prohibit disease transmission. The overwhelming increasing amount of infections has led to a major strain on major healthcare services. This leads to shortages in hospital beds, ventilators and critical personnel protective equipment. This article focuses on the critical adaptations from a general surgery department in Malaysia which is part of a Malaysian tertiary hospital that treats COVID-19 cases. The core highlights of these strategies enforced during this pandemic are: (1) surgery ward and clinic decongestions; (2) deferment of elective surgeries; (3) restructuring of medical personnel work force; (4) utilization of online applications for tele-communication; (5) operating room (OR) adjustments and patient screening; and (6)continuing medical education and updating practices in context to COVID-19. These adaptations were important for the continuation of emergency surgery services, preventing transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers and optimization of medical personnel work force in times of a global pandemic. In addition, an early analysis on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures in Malaysia towards the reduction in total number of elective/emergent/trauma surgeries performed is described in this article.     

Manejo quirúrgico de pacientes con infección por COVID-19. Recomendaciones de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos

Due to the current pandemic of respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, many patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection will require elective surgery, surgery that cannot be postponed, or emergency surgical treatment. In these situations, special measures need to be adopted in order to minimize the possibility of transmission between patients, exposure of healthcare personnel and the development of postoperative complications. This document explains the main principles to consider when managing confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients during evaluation as well as when surgical treatment is required.     

Infection control measures for operative procedures in severe acute respiratory syndrome-related patients

BACKGROUND: Singapore reported its first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in early March 2003 and was placed on the World Health Organization's list of SARS-affected countries on March 15, 2003. During the outbreak, Tan Tock Seng Hospital was designated as the national SARS hospital in Singapore to manage all known SARS patients. Stringent infection control measures were introduced to protect healthcare workers and control intrahospital transmission of SARS. Work-flow processes for surgery were extensively modified. METHODS: The authors describe the development of infection control measures, the conduct of surgical procedures, and the management of high-risk procedures during the SARS outbreak. RESULTS: Forty-one operative procedures, including 15 high-risk procedures (surgical tracheostomy), were performed on SARS-related patients. One hundred twenty-four healthcare workers had direct contact with SARS patients during these procedures. There was no transmission of SARS within the operating room complex. CONCLUSIONS: Staff personal protection, patient risk categorization, and reorganization of operating room workflow processes formed the key elements for the containment of SARS transmission. Lessons learned during this outbreak will help in the planning and execution of infection control measures, should another outbreak occur.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间急诊创伤骨科患者特点和处理策略

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间急诊创伤患者的损伤特点和处理策略。方法回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月26日期间南方医科大学南方医院骨科收治的22例创伤急症住院患者资料。男18例,女4例;年龄4~66岁,平均年龄35岁。致伤原因:交通伤11例,锐器切割伤(含菜刀切伤)6例,重物压砸伤1例,机器碾压伤1例,跌倒摔伤2例,机器绞伤1例;损伤类型:高能量损伤13例,低能量损伤9例;损伤部位:上肢7例,下肢15例。医护人员诊疗过程中对于无新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)核酸筛查结果的1例患者采用二级防护,其余21例患者采用一级防护。记录患者和医务人员感染2019-nCoV的情况,总结疫情期间创伤急症的处理措施和经验。结果在诊治22例创伤急症患者期间,无一例医务人员和患者确诊COVID-19。紧急入院未做筛查的1例患者按疑似COVID-19病例对待,采用二级防护,术后排除COVID-19。结论COVID-19疫情期间,处理创伤急症的一线医务人员接诊过程均面临较高感染风险。创伤骨科急诊患者主要是交通伤和机器伤,老年患者主要由锐器切割及跌倒引起。通过完善院前筛查、选择合适的麻醉及手术方式、做好围手术期医护人员的防护及合理的术后病房管理和患者心理疏导,可降低院内COVID-19感染发生率。     

Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 because of its rapid worldwide spread. In the operating room, as part of hospital outbreak response measures, anesthesiologists are required to have heightened precautions and tailor anesthetic practices to individual patients. In particular, by minimizing the many aerosol-generating procedures performed during general anesthesia, anesthesiologists can reduce exposure to patients’ respiratory secretions and the risk of perioperative viral transmission to healthcare workers and other patients. To avoid any airway manipulation, regional anesthesia should be considered whenever surgery is planned for a suspect or confirmed COVID-19 patient or any patient who poses an infection risk. Regional anesthesia has benefits of preservation of respiratory function, avoidance of aerosolization and hence viral transmission. This article explores the practical considerations and recommended measures for performing regional anesthesia in this group of patients, focusing on control measures geared towards ensuring patient and staff safety, equipment protection, and infection prevention. By doing so, we hope to address an issue that may have downstream implications in the way we practice infection control in anesthesia, with particular relevance to this new era of emerging infectious diseases and novel pathogens. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not the first, and certainly will not be the last novel virus that will lead to worldwide outbreaks. Having a well thought out regional anesthesia plan to manage these patients in this new normal will ensure the best possible outcome for both the patient and the perioperative management team.