镜像疗法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响

目的探讨镜像疗法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响。方法选取60例缺血性脑卒中上肢功能障碍的偏瘫患者,随机分为对照组29例行常规综合康复治疗,实验组31例为镜像疗法联合常规康复训练。采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评价量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)、Wolf运动功能评价量表(Wolf motor function test,WMFT)和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel indext,MBI)评分对上肢和手的运动功能及日常生活能力进行评价。结果与对照组同期相比,治疗1个月和治疗2个月实验组FMA评分较对照组提高(P0.05),治疗2个月实验组WMFT评分较对照组提高(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗1个月和2个月时实验组上肢MBI评分提高(P0.05);与同期对照组比较,治疗2个月时实验组MBI评分显著提高(P0.05)。结论镜像疗法联合康复训练有助于缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的恢复,改善患者的日常生活能力,可作为缺血性脑卒中后上肢功能康复的一种治疗手段。     

镜像疗法对偏瘫患者上肢功能康复疗效的观察

目的 观察镜像疗法对卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能康复的疗效。方法 选择30例入选卒中后8周内偏瘫患者随机分为两组：镜像疗法组和对照组,分别于治疗前及治疗后4周采用Fugl-Meyer运动评价（Fugl-Meyer motor assessment,FMA）（上肢部分）,上肢运动研究测试（the action research arm test,ARAT）、运动功能评估量表（motor assessment scale,MAS）对上肢运动功能进行评分,同时评定患者的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale/score,VAS）、痉挛程度以及改良Barthel指数,以观察镜像疗法对偏瘫患者上肢功能康复的疗效。结果 治疗4周后,两组上肢运动能力FMA评分、ARAT评分、MAS评分、改良Barthel指数均较治疗前提高（P＜0.01）;治疗组FMA评分、ARAT评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组间MAS评分、改良Barthel指数提高,但差别无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗组VAS评分较治疗前有下降（P＜0.05）,但对照组治疗前后,VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组间的VAS差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前后及治疗后组间痉挛改善差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 镜像疗法能提高偏瘫患者的上肢运动功能,且能减轻患者偏瘫上肢的疼痛,但对患者日常生活活动能力（activity of daily living scale,ADL）及患肢痉挛程度的改善无明显影响。     

头针疗法结合作业疗法对脑梗死患者上肢功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察头针疗法结合作业训练对脑梗死患者上肢功能的疗效。方法 60例脑梗死上肢功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,2组均给予脑梗死常规作业康复训练,治疗组在此基础上进行头皮针刺。治疗前及治疗后2个月后采用Fugl-meyer评价表(FMA)对2组患者进行上肢功能的评定。结果治疗组FMA的改善明显优于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论头针疗法结合作业训练能明显改善脑梗死患者的上肢功能障碍,缓解局部肌张力,提高偏瘫上肢的运动功能及日常生活活动能力,使患者重新适应社会生活,回归社会及家庭。     

基于镜像视觉反馈疗法配合康复训练对脑卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能及日常活动能力的影响

目的探讨镜像视觉反馈疗法配合康复训练对脑卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能及日常活动能力的影响。方法抽取2015-02—2016-03我院64例脑卒中后偏瘫患者,根据不同干预方式分为2组各32例。对照组采用康复训练,研究组在康复训练基础上实施镜像视觉反馈疗法,2组均持续干预1个月。对比干预前后2组上肢功能评分(FMA)、前臂旋前肌群与屈肘肌群肌张力评分(MAS)、日常活动能力评分(BI)变化情况。结果干预前2组FMA评分、前臂旋前肌群与屈肘肌群MAS评分、BI评分对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),干预后研究组FMA(46.82±18.85)分、前臂旋前肌群MAS(1.22±0.46)分、屈肘肌群MAS(1.24±0.51)分、BI(54.14±3.43)分优于对照组[(37.20±16.18)分、(1.69±0.38)分、(1.68±0.44)分、(37.18±4.03)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合采用康复训练及镜像视觉反馈疗法对脑卒中后偏瘫患者进行干预效果显著,可有效改善其上肢功能,提高患者日常活动能力,具有推广价值。     

镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法对急性缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的康复效果

目的:本研究旨在对镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法是否能够更有效地改善急性缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者的上肢功能以及日常生活能力进行评价。方法:研究对象为2014年1月1日—2016年6月30日符合病例选择标准的76例急性缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者。将76例患者随机分入镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法组(38例)和单纯的运动想象疗法组(38例),在常规康复训练的基础上,分别接受镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法和单纯的运动想象疗法,共治疗4周。对2组治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数、上肢动作研究量表(Action Research Arm Test,ARAT)评分和Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分进行比较。结果:2组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、Barthel指数、ARAT评分和Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分均较治疗前显著改善(P值均0.05)。镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法组治疗后的NIHSS评分、Barthel指数、ARAT评分和Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分的改善幅度均显著大于单纯的运动想象疗法组(P值均0.05)。结论:镜像训练引导的运动想象疗法应用于急性缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能的康复治疗,与单纯的运动想象疗法相比,可以更好地改善患者的上肢功能和生活自理能力。     

镜像运动疗法对脑梗死患者运动功能恢复的临床研究

<正>目前,脑梗死已成为中老年常见病和多发病之一,致残率较高,严重影响患者的生存质量,给社会、家庭造成沉重的负担,在其急性期采取积极、合理的治疗措施尤为重要。本文作者分别采用传统康复加针灸治疗与联合镜像运动加针灸疗法两种方法组合来治疗脑梗死患者偏瘫肢体功能,对比观察其早期康复效果,以评价镜像运动疗法的疗效。1对象和方法 1.1观察对象将首次确诊1周内的脑梗死偏瘫患者64例,随机分为2组。治疗组男18例、女14例,年龄48~78     

镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效。
方法 在APTA、PEDro、Embase、PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献、万方、维普及中
国知网系统检索2004年5月-2019年5月关于镜像疗法对改善卒中后下肢运动功能效果的随机对照试
验（randomized controlled trial，RCT）。根据纳入、排除标准进行筛选，提取资料，采用RevMan 5.3软
件对符合标准RCT研究中患者的下肢功能、平衡功能及步态指标进行Meta分析。
结果 共纳入14项RCT研究。Meta分析结果显示：相比对照治疗，镜像疗法可提高Fugl-Meyer下肢评
分[标准化均数差（standardized mean difference，SMD）3.20，95%CI 1.52～4.88，P＜0.001]，提高患者踝
关节活动度（SMD 1.20，95%CI 0.71～1.69，P <0.001），提高下肢Brunstrom分期[均数差（mean difference，
MD）0.55，95%CI 0.28～0.82，P <0.001]。尚无证据表明镜像疗法可改善下肢肌张力。镜像疗法可提高
10 m步行测试分数（SMD 0.08，95%CI 0.03～0.13，P＜0.001），但在提高功能性步行量表未显示明显
优势。镜像疗法可提高Berg平衡量表评分（SMD 0.98，95%CI 0.42～1.53，P＜0.001），但无法改善下肢
平衡的总体稳定指数。
结论 镜像疗法可在一定程度上改善卒中后患者下肢运动功能、步态，但平衡能力的改善仍需临床
研究证实。     

镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价镜像疗法对卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动疗效。 方法 在APTA、PEDro、Embase、PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献、万方、维普及中 国知网系统检索2004年5月-2019年5月关于镜像疗法对改善卒中后下肢运动功能效果的随机对照试 验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）。根据纳入、排除标准进行筛选,提取资料,采用RevMan 5.3软 件对符合标准RCT研究中患者的下肢功能、平衡功能及步态指标进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入14项RCT研究。Meta分析结果显示：相比对照治疗,镜像疗法可提高Fugl-Meyer下肢评 分[标准化均数差（standardized mean difference,SMD）3.20,95%CI 1.52～4.88,P＜0.001],提高患者踝 关节活动度（SMD 1.20,95%CI 0.71～1.69,P <0.001）,提高下肢Brunstrom分期[均数差（mean difference, MD）0.55,95%CI 0.28～0.82,P <0.001]。尚无证据表明镜像疗法可改善下肢肌张力。镜像疗法可提高 10 m步行测试分数（SMD 0.08,95%CI 0.03～0.13,P＜0.001）,但在提高功能性步行量表未显示明显 优势。镜像疗法可提高Berg平衡量表评分（SMD 0.98,95%CI 0.42～1.53,P＜0.001）,但无法改善下肢 平衡的总体稳定指数。 结论 镜像疗法可在一定程度上改善卒中后患者下肢运动功能、步态,但平衡能力的改善仍需临床 研究证实。     

基于镜像视觉反馈的作业疗法对偏瘫儿童运动功能及生活能力的影响

目的 探讨基于镜像视觉反馈的作业疗法对偏瘫儿童运动功能及生活能力的影响。方法 选取2016年1月-2018年1月本院收治的偏瘫患儿200例,依据随机数字表法分为镜业组和常业组,每组各100例,常业组给予常规作业疗法治疗,镜业组给予基于镜像视觉反馈的作业疗法治疗,比较干预前后2组运动功能、生活能力、康复效果。结果 镜业组和常业组干预3、6个月后Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法(FMA)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)得分明显高于干预前,镜业组干预3、6个月后FMA、ADL得分明显高于常业组(P<0.05); 镜业组治疗有效率明显高于常业组(P<0.05)。结论 基于镜像视觉反馈的作业疗法可有效改善偏瘫患儿运动功能及生活能力,有利于提高康复效果。     

Effect of upper limb deformities on gross motor and upper limb functions in children with spastic cerebral palsy

The aims of this study were to investigate the nature and extent of upper limb deformities via the use of various classifications, and to analyze the relationship between upper limb deformities and gross motor or upper limb functionality levels. Upper extremity data were collected from 234 children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) who were admitted to the university hospital for intensive rehabilitation. Upper limb deformities were classified according to the Zancolli classification for finger and wrist extension ability, the Gshwind and Tonkin classification for supination ability, and the House classification for thumb-in-palm deformity. Digital deformity was also classified. Upper limb function was assessed using the Upper Extremity Rating Scale (UERS) and the Upper Limb Physician's Rating Scale (ULPRS). Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS). Among the 234 children observed, 70.5% had a limitation in forearm supination, and 62.8% had problems with wrist and finger extension in at least one limb. Thumb-in-palm deformity of at least one hand was found in 47.0% of patients. Swan neck deformity was the most common finger deformity. Upper limb functional measures, the ULPRS and the UERS, significantly correlated with the degree of upper limb deformity, as assessed by the Gschwind and Tonkin, Zancolli, and House classifications. Further, the degree of upper limb deformity was significantly related to the GMFCS level in children with bilateral CP, but not in children with unilateral CP. Limitation of forearm supination was the most common upper limb deformity in children with spastic CP. The degree of upper limb deformity significantly affected upper limb function in these children.     

浮针疗法联合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者的作用

目的分析浮针疗法联合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者的作用。方法选择我院2014-02—2015-08收治的90例脑卒中偏瘫患者为研究对象,按随机数字的方法分为观察组和对照组,对应数字偶数为观察组,奇数为对照组,每组45例。对照组行常规康复训练治疗,观察组采用浮针疗法联合康复训练进行治疗,比较2组治疗前后的Barthel指数、Fugl-Meyer评分及临床症状积分,并评价临床治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率为91.11%(41/45),明显高于对照组的71.11%(32/45),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组临床症状积分较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),观察组降低更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组Barthel指数、Fugl-Meyer评分均较治疗前显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与治疗后对照组比较,观察组提升更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论浮针疗法联合康复训练可对脑卒中偏瘫患者的临床症状起到改善作用,提高临床治疗效果,改善患者日常生活能力和肢体运动功能,值得临床推广使用。     

运动疗法对脑梗死患者血流变学和运动功能恢复的影响

目的 观察运动疗法对脑梗死患者血流变学、运动功能的影响.方法 80例脑梗死患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组40例,均按脑血管病常规处理,观察组同时进行运动疗法.治疗前后检测血流变学指标,并根据简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评定运动功能.结果 治疗后2组患者的血流变学指标、FMA与治疗前比较均有明显改善,但观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 运动疗法对脑梗死患者的血流变有显著改善作用,能促进肢体运动功能恢复,有效降低脑梗死复发的危险,改善预后.     

肝素预防急性脑梗死尿激酶溶栓后再瘫痪的临床观察

目的 探讨急性脑梗死瘫痪患者尿激酶溶栓后肝素持续静脉注射预防再瘫痪的疗效及安全性.方法 将36例溶栓成功患者按随机数字表法分成两组,治疗组18例溶栓后即用肝素1000 U/h持续静脉注射,监测部分凝血酶原时间(aPTT),调节肝索用量.保持aPTT在正常值1.5～2.0倍之间,连用5 d.对照组18例溶栓后24 h 口服阿司匹林0.1 g,1次/d.对两组7 d内发生再瘫痪及脑出血的例数,第14天神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)进行统计学比较.结果 治疗组再瘫痪0例.无症状脑出血5例;对照组再瘫痪5例,无症状腩出血2例;两组再瘫痪发生率差异有统计学意义,脑出血发生率差异无统计学意义.第14天两组神经功能缺损程度评分差异有统计学意义.结论 急性脑梗死肢体瘫痪患者在尿激酶溶栓成功后应用肝素抗凝,维持aPTT在正常值的1.5～2.0倍,对于预防再瘫痪是有效和安全的.     

Evolution of upper limb function in children with congenital hemiplegia

Hand function deficits in hemiplegic children are a major cause of disability, but there is a lack of appropriate instruments for evaluating the evolution of this deficit over time and for verifying the efficacy of its treatment. We evaluated changes in upper limb function in relation to age and the course of individual rehabilitation treatment in 20 children (13 males and 7 females) who were first seen within the first four years of life and subsequently followed until a mean age of 13 years and four months (range, 11–17 years) in accordance with a diagnostic/rehabilitation program initiated in our division in 1989. All of the children were treated by us; those whose paretic upper limb functioned well were not treated in any specific or directed manner. The protocol involved a qualitative evaluation of the spontaneous use of the paretic hand and a quantitative evaluation of grip. Analysis of the results revealed an age-related global improvement over time, occurring within the first five years of life and more pronounced in terms of grip than spontaneous use. This finding makes our protocol more specific than those currently used because it more reliably establishes the real capacity to use the paretic hand in different situations of everyday life. The most important changes concerned the children with more impaired functional capacity, whereas the children who presented with good functional skill retained this capacity over time, thus confirming the initial decision not to treat them. Received: 5 July 2001 / Accepted in revised form: 5 October 2001     

单光子发射计算机断层显像在改良强制性运动疗法治疗老年脑梗死患者肢体运动功能的应用

目的 采用单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)局部脑血流(rCBF)半定量分析法,观察改良强制性运动疗法(mCIMT)对老年脑梗死偏瘫患者肢体运动功能的康复疗效.方法 12例符合入选标准的患者,男性7例,女性5例,年龄61～79(67.9±6.5)岁,病程21～77(42.7±13.6)d.进行8周的改良强制性运动疗法治疗,不限制健侧上、下肢活动,每天保持4 h的患侧上、下肢训练,其中上肢1 h,下肢3 h.在治疗前后分别进行简易手功能检查法(STEF)、10 m最大步行速度(MWS)和大脑皮质缺血灶rCBF评估.结果 治疗后STEF患侧评分为76.33±17.13(t=-6.09),STEF健侧评分为86.25 ±16.84(t=-5.86);MWS评分为6.78±3.72(t=4.88);缺血区放射性计数评分为-10.12 ± 7.25(t=5.33),明显优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 使用SPECT技术观察发现,改良强制性运动疗法明显提高老年脑梗死患者肢体运动功能,证明这种变化与大脑可塑性改变相关联,推测可能与大脑皮质rCBF重新分配有关.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the correlation of brain functional reorganization and motor functional restoration with application of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF) in modified constraint-induced movement therapy ( mCIMT) in cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia.Methods Twelve patients with cerebral infarction with hemiplegia (7 males and 5 females, aged 62-75 ( 67.9 ± 6.5) years) were treated with mCIMT for eight weeks.No movement restriction was applied to the limbs at the intact sides.The affected sides exercised 4 h per day with 1 h on the upper limbs and 3 h on the lower limbs.At the same time, semi-quantitative analysis method of analyzing SPECT and rCBF was used to record changes in brain.Simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF), 10 m maximum walking speed ( MWS) , rCBF changes in the cerebral cortex ischemic lesion were respectively assessed in the pretreatment and post-treatment.Results After the treatment, STEF score of affected sides was 76.33 ± 17.13(t = -6.09) ; STEF score of intact was 86.25 ± 16.84(t = -5.86) ;The score of MWS was 6.78 ± 3.72 (t = 4.88); Ischemic score of radioactive counts was - 10.12 ± 7.25 (t = 5.33), improved from pre-treatment and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05 ) .Conclusions mCIMT markedly improved motor function in senile cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia as shown on SPECT.It showed that this improvement is associated with changes in brain plasticity, suggesting that improved motor function may be related to the redistribution of regional cerebral blood flow in the cerebral cortex.     

不同随访方案对脑出血术后偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复效果和生活质量的影响

目的探讨不同随访方案对脑出血术后偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复效果和生活质量的影响。方法选取2011-01—2013-06在我院接受治疗的80例脑出血术后偏瘫患者。随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例,对照组由于死亡脱落1例,予以剔除。观察组采取上门随访,对照组采取电话随访。对患者的FCA、ADL以及遵医行为等情况进行评定。结果出院后1个月、3个月以及6个月时,观察组患者的FCA综合功能评分及ADL评分均明显高与对照组;观察组患者遵医行为比例均显著高于对照组,其中观察组为97.50%(39/40),明显高于对照组的43.59%(17/39),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论上门随访更能够促进脑出血术后偏瘫患者功能恢复及生活质量的提高。     

Effects of paired associated stimulation with different stimulation position on motor cortex excitability and upper limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of paired associated stimulation (PAS) with different stimulation position on motor cortex excitability and upper limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction.MethodA total of 120 volunteers with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into four groups. Based on conventional rehabilitation treatment, the PAS stimulation group was given the corresponding position of PAS treatment once a day for 28 consecutive days. The MEP amplitude and RMT of both hemispheres were assessed before and after treatment, and a simple upper limb Function Examination Scale (STEF) score, simplified upper limb Fugl–Meyer score (FMA), and improved Barthel Index (MBI) were used to assess upper limb motor function in the four groups.ResultsFollowing PAS, the MEP amplitude decreased, and the RMT of abductor pollicis brevis (APB) increased on the contralesional side, while the MEP amplitude increased and the RMT of APB decreased on the ipsilesional side. After 28 consecutive days the scores of STEF, FMA, and MBI in the bilateral stimulation group were significantly better than those in the ipsilesional stimulation group and the contralesional stimulation group, but there was no significant difference in the scores of STEF, FMA, and MBI between the ipsilesional stimulation group and the contralesional stimulation group.ConclusionThe excitability of the motor cortex can be changed when the contralesional side or the ipsilesional side was given the corresponding PAS stimulation, while the bilateral PAS stimulation can more easily cause a change of excitability of the motor cortex, resulting in better recovery of the upper limb function.