姑息护理能力评估工具的研究进展

对国内外姑息护理能力评估工具的开发过程、框架内容、评价方法、信效度及优缺点等进行综述,分析评估工具的应用现状,旨在为开展姑息护理研究提供评估工具.     

新生儿安宁疗护的研究进展

概述新生儿安宁疗护的发展及必要性,总结新生儿安宁疗护的主要照护内容(做好基础护理及环境布置,减轻临终新生儿疼痛,舒适护理,鼓励家长共同参与安宁疗护,为家庭提供支持),对我国新生儿安宁疗护发展提出相关建议,为我国新生儿安宁疗护研究及实践提供参考.     

虚拟现实技术在我国护理领域中的应用现状

介绍虚拟现实技术的概况,综述我国护理理论教育、护理操作技能训练及临床护理三个护理领域中应用虚拟现实技术的现状。提出国内护理领域中应用VR技术处于初步阶段,许多领域仍是空白,建议有效利用资源,加强沟通和信息交流,整合现有资源和技术,优化利用现有研究结果,尽可能开展实验设计科学、严谨的研究。     

我国城市姑息护理现状及其未来发展策略

综述了我国城市姑息护理的相关政策现状：包括对姑息护理的需求、机构建制、人力资源、医疗保障制度和服务内容，提出加大开展死亡教育力度、健全社会保障体系、多渠道筹措资金、完善志愿者制度、推广全科团队服务模式、确立标准化政策和法规等建议。     

虚拟现实技术在乳腺癌术后康复训练中的应用进展

阐述了虚拟现实技术概况,虚拟现实技术在乳腺癌患者中的应用方式,用于乳腺癌患者康复训练的效果;总结了虚拟现实技术的优势与不足,旨在为临床更好地应用虚拟现实技术进行乳腺癌术后患肢功能康复训练提供参考。     

帕金森病患者安宁疗护的研究进展

从帕金森病患者安宁疗护的现状、照护模式及影响因素等方面进行综述,提出促进帕金森病患者安宁疗护的策略,旨在为帕金森病患者安宁疗护的实施与发展提供参考.     

我国城市姑息护理现状及其未来发展策略

综述了我国城市姑息护理的相关政策现状:包括对姑息护理的需求、机构建制、人力资源、医疗保障制度和服务内容,提出加大开展死亡教育力度、健全社会保障体系、多渠道筹措资金、完善志愿者制度、推广全科团队服务模式、确立标准化政策和法规等建议.     

护理院校临终关怀教育的SWOT分析

目的 探讨我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的现况,为我国临终关怀教育事业发展提供参考。 方法 运用SWOT分析法,剖析我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的内部优势、劣势、外部机会以及威胁。 结果 我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的优势：满足护生群体需求,弥补临终教育空白;规范死亡教育,提高死亡应对能力。劣势：教材有待统一,教学形式略为单一;师资水平良莠不齐,教师队伍尚需建设;地域发展存在差异,人文教育培养不足。机遇：积极响应国家政策,德育发展势在必行;顺应社会老龄化趋势,培养临终关怀人才。威胁：传统文化根深蒂固;关怀发展滞后不前。 结论 我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育优劣势共存,只有完善相关法制政策、健全临终关怀服务体系、培养高质量师资队伍,并建立具有中国特色的本土化教育模式,才能真正实现临终关怀在我国护理教育中的长远发展。     

混合现实技术在护理领域的应用现状

混合现实技术是当前数字医学关注的热点。围绕混合现实技术在护理领域中的应用,从混合现实技术的概述,混合现实技术在护理教学、护理培训、医护沟通及护患沟通等方面的应用现状及发展前景进行综述,以期为混合现实的护理实践领域研究提供新思路。     

虚拟现实技术在缓和医疗中应用的范围综述

目的 总结虚拟现实技术用于缓和医疗的基本内容,分析其应用效果和现存问题,为进一步规范和优化虚拟现实技术的应用提供依据。方法 系统检索PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库中的相关研究。检索时间为建库至2023年2月18日,由2名研究人员独立筛选并提取资料。结果 共纳入16篇文献。虚拟现实技术干预主要内容要素为个性化视频课程、自然风景视频、特制生命回顾课程的沉浸式和非沉浸式体验,干预的有效性和可行性已得到初步证实。结论 虚拟现实技术在缓和医疗中的应用处于起步阶段,具有使用前景。未来仍需要开展大样本、高质量的随机对照试验来验证虚拟现实技术在缓和医疗中的应用效果,为制定最佳虚拟现实技术干预方案提供循证依据。     

Microsurgery simulators in virtual reality: review

Surgical training is undergoing a rapid transformation, which has been influenced by advances in computer modeling. Increased pressure to reduce the use of animals in technical training has led to a new approach in teaching microsurgery. This new technology may prove to be a cost-effective, portable, and nonhazardous way forward in microsurgical training. This paper reviews the current state of available technological models used in microsurgical training. In doing so, we review articles from the latest journals and authenticated Internet websites to compare and contrast these various methods. Finally, we look at the specific technique that has potential impact on the future modeling of microsurgical techniques.     

虚拟现实技术用于心脏康复患者的系统评价

目的 系统评价虚拟现实技术应用于心脏康复患者的效果。 方法 计算机检索Embase、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、万方数据、中国知网数据库,搜集有关虚拟现实技术在心脏康复患者中应用的随机对照试验研究,检索时限均为建库至2021年11月19日。由2名研究者独立检索并筛选文献,进行文献质量评价后,采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入12篇文献,包括597例患者。Meta分析结果显示,虚拟现实技术降低患者抑郁［SMD=-0.57,95%CI（-0.88,-0.26）,P＜0.05］、焦虑［SMD=-0.38,95%CI（-0.69,-0.07）,P＜0.05］及压力［SMD=-0.76,95%CI（-1.08,-0.45）,P＜0.05］,提高患者满意度［SMD=0.55,95%CI（0.24,0.86）,P＜0.05］的效果显著优于传统心脏康复干预;对患者依从性的改善差异无统计学意义［OR=0.86,95%CI（0.08,8.37）,P=0.86］。 结论 虚拟现实技术应用于心脏康复能改善患者心理状态,提高患者满意度,但在改善患者心功能和依从性方面尚缺乏有力证据。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

安宁疗护质量评价工具的研究进展

介绍安宁疗护质量评价的发展历程,分别以主要家庭照顾者、医护人员、终末期患者为调查对象总结安宁疗护质量评价工具的研究进展,并比较不同评价工具的优势,为开发符合我国国情的安宁疗护质量评价工具提供参考。     

Extended,virtual and augmented reality in thoracic surgery: a systematic review

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESExtended reality (XR), encompassing both virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality, allows the user to interact with a computer-generated environment based on reality. In essence, the immersive nature of VR and augmented reality technology has been warmly welcomed in all aspects of medicine, gradually becoming increasingly feasible to incorporate into everyday practice. In recent years, XR has become increasingly adopted in thoracic surgery, although the extent of its applications is unclear. Here, we aim to review the current applications of XR in thoracic surgery.METHODSA systematic database search was conducted of original articles that explored the use of VR and/or augmented reality in thoracic surgery in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database and Google Scholar, from inception to December 2020.RESULTSOur search yielded 1494 citations, of which 21 studies published from 2007 to 2019 were included in this review. Three main areas were identified: (i) the application of XR in thoracic surgery training; (ii) preoperative planning of thoracic procedures; and (iii) intraoperative assistance. Overall, XR could produce progression along the learning curve, enabling trainees to reach acceptable standards before performing in the operating theatre. Preoperatively, through the generation of 3D-renderings of the thoracic cavity and lung anatomy, VR increases procedural accuracy and surgical confidence through familiarization of the patient’s anatomy. XR-assisted surgery may have therapeutic use particularly for complex cases, where conventional methods would yield inadequate outcomes due to inferior accuracy.CONCLUSIONXR represents a salient step towards improving thoracic surgical training, as well as enhancing preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance.     

The virtual nose: a 3-dimensional virtual reality model of the human nose

BACKGROUND: The 3-dimensionally complex interplay of soft tissue, cartilaginous, and bony elements makes the mastery of nasal anatomy difficult. Conventional methods of learning nasal anatomy exist, but they often involve a steep learning curve. Computerized models and virtual reality applications have been used to facilitate teaching in a number of other complex anatomical regions, such as the human temporal bone and pelvic floor. We present a 3-dimensional (3-D) virtual reality model of the human nose. METHODS: Human cadaveric axial cross-sectional (0.33-mm cuts) photographic data of the head and neck were used. With 460 digitized images, individual structures were traced and programmed to create a computerized polygonal model of the nose. Further refinements to this model were made using a number of specialized computer programs. This 3-D computer model of the nose was then programmed to operate as a virtual reality model. RESULTS: Anatomically correct 3-D model of the nose was produced. High-resolution images of the "virtual nose" demonstrate the nasal septum, lower lateral cartilages, middle vault, bony dorsum, and other structural details of the nose. Also, the model can be combined with a separate virtual reality model of the face and its skin cover as well as the skull. The user can manipulate the model in space, examine 3-D anatomical relationships, and fade superficial structures to reveal deeper ones. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual nose is a 3-D virtual reality model of the nose that is accurate and easy to use. It can be run on a personal computer or in a specialized virtual reality environment. It can serve as an effective teaching tool. As the first virtual reality model of the nose, it establishes a virtual reality platform from which future applications can be launched.     

Applications of augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery and education: A review

As the complexity and minimally invasive nature of spine surgery continues to grow, so must the surgeon's ability to “view” and interact with the surgical field. Augmented reality (AR) provides a digital overlay of a real-world environment, helping the surgeon to visualize deep anatomic landmarks and surgical trajectory, such as for an osteotomy cut or pedicle screw. In contrast, virtual reality (VR) is an entirely digital environment that can be used for simulated surgeries or technical trainings without the need for a physical patient. Here we review the current clinical applications of AR and VR in spine surgery and education.     

虚拟现实技术在神经外科术前计划中的应用

目的探讨虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）技术在神经外科术前计划中的临床应用价值。方法对拟采用手术治疗的颅脑疾病26例，分别采集磁共振成像（MRI）、磁共振动脉成像（MRA）、磁共振静脉成像（MRV），计算机体层摄影（CT）等多种医学影像数据，输入Dextroscope术前计划系统，运用Radiodexter软件在VR环境中进行融合、提取、切割等处理显示为一个三维立体物像。同时运用软件内的三维处理工具对病灶及其局部解剖结构进行观察测量、手术模拟。制定术前计划，并与真正手术中情况进行对照比较。结果26例病例均成功地实现了三维立体虚拟现实影像的重建，术前计划中对于病灶及其局部解剖学特征的判定与术中实际情况吻合。结论Dextroscope系统的虚拟现实技术能快速、直观、全面地整合多种医学影像数据，以提供病灶及其局部解剖结构的综合信息，在神经外科手术前为制定和优化手术方案提供帮助，有可能有助于提高手术的安全性与病灶的全切除率。