桡骨远端骨折合并正中神经损伤22例临床分析

目的分析桡骨远端骨折合并正中神经损伤形成的原因及治疗方法。方法对22例桡骨远端骨折合并正中神经损伤的患者根据情况采取手术治疗与非手术治疗,随访6个月~1a,平均随访9个月,观察患者骨折愈合情况、腕关节功能及正中神经损伤症状恢复情况。结果 22例患者3个月后骨折均愈合,腕关节功能良好,所有患者正中神经损伤症状均有缓解,总有效率为95.5%。结论桡骨远端骨折合并正中神经损伤的患者应早期手术解剖复位骨折,解除神经压迫同时探查修复神经,为神经的恢复创造条件,效果良好。     

微创克氏针置入并外固定架修复桡骨远端不稳定骨骺骨折

背景：单纯使用克氏针或外固定架治疗桡骨远端骨骺骨折的临床实践中,仍存在桡骨短缩、骨折移位等固定后并发症,尤其在不稳定骨骺骨折情况下。克氏针主要治疗桡骨远端骨折,对其骨骺骨折使用相对较少。 目的：观察外固定支架结合经皮克氏针复位固定微创治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨骺骨折的临床效果。 方法：对90例桡骨远端骨骺骨折患儿行固定治疗,在不切开情况下微创闭合复位骨折骨骺,随机分成2组,对照组采用单纯跨腕关节外固定支架固定方案;观察组采用跨腕关节外固定支架结合经皮克氏针闭合帮助复位固定骨骺骨折方案。固定后行腕关节功能锻炼,分别于固定后9周及24个月随访观察。对比两组患者固定后中远期的临床疗效、腕关节功能恢复及X射线检查情况。 结果与结论：固定后24个月随访按Cooney标准评定腕关节功能,对照组优良率77%,X射线评定优良率63%;观察组腕关节功能优良率93%,X射线评定优良率为90%,两组差异具有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。两组骨骺骨折患者均获临床骨愈合,腕关节均功能恢复。提示外固定支架结合克氏针闭合复位微创治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨骺骨折,可应用克氏针辅助复位掌倾角及尺偏角,治疗简单,固定可靠,腕关节功能恢复良好,骨骺畸形愈合并发症少,固定后基本生活学习功能恢复正常,疗效稳定满意,其临床疗效明显优于单纯跨外固定支架固定。     

DVR解剖型桡骨掌侧锁定接骨板置入内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折：与普通掌侧接骨板的比较★

背景：纵观目前治疗粉碎及不稳定桡骨远端骨折的各种方法，金属材料桡骨掌侧锁定接骨板的优点日益突出。 目的：观察DVR解剖型桡骨掌侧锁定接骨板置入内固定治疗桡骨远端AO分型C型骨折的效果。 方法：纳入AO分型桡骨远端C型骨折患者51例，根据其意愿及经济状况非随机分为2组，实验组27例应用DVR解剖型桡骨掌侧锁定接骨板，对照组24例应用普通掌侧接骨板。对比两组患者在手术时间、术中C臂透视次数，术中接骨板安装次数，正中神经炎发生、术后腱鞘炎发生、腕关节功能恢复时间6个方面的差异。 结果与结论：实验组X射线片显示骨折全部Ⅰ期愈合，均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动、正中神经炎等并发症。和同期普通掌侧接骨板治疗方法相比，具有明显的优势，Mcbride腕关节功能恢复优良率明显高于对照组(P < 0.001)。提示使用DVR解剖型桡骨掌侧锁定接骨板置入内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折具有操作更加便捷，安全可靠，完全解剖复位，固定坚强，可早期进行功能锻炼，关节功能恢复优良等优点。     

低温板材外固定治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折96例：与夹板外固定及石膏夹板超腕外固定的比较

摘要 背景：目前常见的桡骨远端骨折外固定方式包括石膏外固定、中医夹板,低温板材支具固定是新发展起来的外固定方法,与其他固定方式相比有无优势尚不清楚。 目的：观察低温板材外固定法对桡骨远端伸直型骨折功能恢复的治疗效果。 方法：四川大学华西康复科假肢矫形中心2007-12/2010-01收治的96例桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者,随机分为低温板材超腕外固定组、中医桡骨远端骨折夹板外固定组、石膏夹板超腕外固定组,每组32例。各组均给予手法复位操作治疗以及适当的功能训练,并根据患者年龄、身体情况及损伤程度予以药物治疗。 结果与结论：与低温板材超腕外固定组比较,中医桡骨远端骨折夹板外固定组、石膏夹板超腕外固定组的治愈率明显降低 (P < 0.05),并发症率、功能受限率均明显升高(P < 0.05)。提示手法整复低温板热塑板材外固定治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折安全、有效,其效果优于传统的石膏固定和中医夹板固定,且并发症少,值得推广应用。 关键词：桡骨远端伸直型骨折;低温板材;外固定;夹板;生物材料 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.42.040     

美多巴联合普拉克索对老年帕金森病患者非运动症状的疗效分析

目的探索美多巴联合普拉克索对老年帕金森病患者非运动症状的治疗效果。方法选取2014年6月~2016年1月我院收治的72例老年帕金森病患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各36例。对照组患者单纯给予美多巴治疗,而研究组则在对照组的基础上给予普拉克索治疗。结果研究组患者治疗后的非运动症状问卷量表(NMSQuest)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PQSI)评分分别为(14.28±1.96)分、(9.23±2.58)分和(4.46±1.24)分,显著低于对照组的(17.37±2.18)分、(12.56±3.05)分和(6.28±1.83)分,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后的简明精神状态量表(MMSE)和帕金森病自主神经症状量表(SCOPAAUT)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者治疗后血清IL-1β和IL-6的水平分别为(10.54±1.43)pg/m L和(4.96±0.64)pg/L,显著低于对照组的(12.97±1.86)pg/m L和(8.75±1.22)pg/L,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者不良反应的发生率为5.56%,低于对照组的13.89%,但差异无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论美多巴联合普拉克索可有效改善老年帕金森病患者的非运动症状,降低IL-1β和IL-6的水平,安全有效,值得应用于临床。     

胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤功能锻炼的临床护理

目的探讨胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者功能锻炼的临床护理方法及效果。方法选取我院2011-06—2013-12 55例胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者,设为研究组,给予系统功能锻炼方法护理。选取同期55例常规功能锻炼护理的胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者为对照组,观察2组护理效果。结果研究组康复恢复率为80.0%,对照组康复恢复率为49.1%,研究组明显的高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组并发症发生率为3.6%,对照组为14.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者实施系统化的功能锻炼护理能够有效的促进功能恢复,降低并发症,值得临床应用。     

伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年抑郁症患者述情和家庭教育方式研究

目的了解青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为的现状,并对比分析伴或不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者的述情方式和家庭教育方式差异。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年2月四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心收治的241例青少年抑郁症患者为调查对象,采用多伦多述情障碍量表、家庭教育方式量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表对其进行调查,并对比伴非自杀性自伤行为(研究组)和不伴非自杀性自伤行为(对照组)患者的差异。结果241例患者中,44.8%(108/241)的青少年抑郁症患者有非自杀性自伤行为。与对照组(133例)比较,研究组家庭教育方式量表中父亲的惩罚/严厉[(24.80±7.36)分比(21.41±6.89)分]、过分干涉[(23.56±5.02)分比(21.74±4.66)分]、拒绝/否认[(13.44±4.39)分比(11.35±3.81)分]、过度保护因子[(12.56±3.28)分比(11.20±2.94)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),母亲的过分干涉/保护[(42.23±8.06)分比(37.73±7.80)分]、拒绝/否认[(18.65±5.85)分比(15.70±5.72)分]、惩罚/严厉因子[(19.13±6.52)分比(15.97±6.20)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在述情障碍量表中,研究组难以识别自己的情感及难以描述自己的情感因子得分高于对照组[分别为(25.19±6.23)分比(22.12±7.09)分,(18.06±4.19)分比(15.90±4.52)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症患者中,伴非自杀性自伤行为的发生率较高,其述情方式和家庭教育方式与不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者存在差异。     

脉冲电磁场对患者周围神经损伤后再生中的作用

目的研究脉冲电磁场对周围神经损伤患者神经再生中的疗效。方法将选取2014年1月-2016年3月本院接收的周围神经损伤患者46例,采用随机法分为研究组23例和对照组23例,对照组采用常规方法进行治疗,研究组采用ZZ-300电脑骨创伤治疗仪进行治疗。比较两组治疗后第4周、第6周以及第8周损伤神经恢复率,并对两组患者神经功能恢复等级进行评价。结果研究组患者治疗后恢复率随着治疗时间推移明显升高,且第4周、第6周以及第8周的神经恢复率明显高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗后神经功能恢复的优良率(95.65%)高于对照组患者(73.91%)(χ~2=4.213,P=0.040)。研究组治疗后右正中运动神经、右腓总运动神经、左正中运动神经及左腓总运动神经水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论脉冲电磁场有促进周围神经损伤患者神经再生的作用,效果显著,值得推广。     

高压氧治疗颅脑外伤伴视神经损伤患者的疗效观察

目的探讨高压氧治疗在颅脑外伤伴视神经损伤患者中的应用价值。方法选择2011-03—2013-06我院收治的颅脑外伤伴视神经损伤患者90例,随机将患者分为研究组和对照组,研究组58例,对照组32例。对照组给予一般基础治疗,研究组给予一般基础治疗联合高压氧治疗,比较2组治疗效果和视力恢复情况。结果研究组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(分别94.83%、68.75%),且治疗后观察组患者视力明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组内不同治疗时机患者有效率有显著差别,3d开始治疗的患者有效率显著高于3d~1周和1周治疗者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高压氧治疗颅脑外伤伴视神经损伤患者效果显著,且越早救治,治疗效果越好。     

1000/塑性弹力夹板治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折的临床观察研究

为评价塑性弹力夹板治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折的临床疗效,选择2002-09/2005-08河南中医学院第二附属医院骨科、河南中医学院第一附属医院骨科、登封市骨科医院的210例桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者,随机对照前瞻性研究,1组骨折整复后应用传统夹板掌屈位固定,2组整复后应用塑性弹力夹板中立位固定。在就诊当日、一周、4-6周三个观察周期以病情变化总记分评价病情轻重,观察周期结束后三个月按照Gartland和Werley评分系统对腕关节功能进行评价。考虑中心效应差之后,2组明显优于1组,没有明显并发症。证明了塑性弹力夹板比普通小夹板有很好的优越性。     

Alteration of proximal conduction velocity at distal nerve injury in carpal tunnel syndrome: demyelinating versus axonal change.

The objective of this study was to determine the cause of median forearm motor conduction velocity (FMCV) slowing in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, due to either focal conduction abnormality over wrist or retrograde conduction slowing, and to decide whether the slowing is related to severity of compression or not. Fifty carpal tunnel syndrome patients confirmed by conventional nerve conduction study with abnormal electromyography of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were group 1, and 100 with normal electromyography, group 2. One hundred volunteers served as controls. In addition to conventional nerve conduction study of median and ulnar nerves, palmar stimulations for median mixed and motor nerves were also performed to calculate wrist-palm mixed nerve conduction time and motor conduction velocity (W-P MCV). For group 1, group 2, and control subjects, respectively, W-P MCV were 19.73+/-7.65 (mean+/-SD), 32.7+/-6.83, and 52.75+/-6.4 m/s, whereas median FMCV were 48.63+/-8.32, 54.42+/-2.11, and 57.86+/-4.24 m/s. There was a significant reduction in the W-P MCV (62.6%, P<0.00001) and a decrease in the median FMCV (15.95%, P<0.00001) in group 1, and 38% reduction in W-P MCV (P<0.00001) and 5.9% decrease in median FMCV (P<0.00001) in group 2 when compared with controls, but ulnar FMCV and sensory nerve conduction study results did not, suggesting the reduction of median W-P MCV is not parallel with that of median FMCV in both patients groups. Furthermore, there is a poor correlation of median FMCV and W-P MCV in patient groups, implying conduction blockage of the large myelinating fibers at the wrist, leaving only slower axons to be measured, is not the likely cause of reduction of FMCV. In addition, the reduction of compound muscle action potential amplitude of abductor pollicis brevis muscle, conduction block at wrist and weak correlation of median FMCV and compound muscle action potential amplitude of abductor pollicis brevis exclusively occurred in group 1. Therefore, the retrograde conduction slowing really occurs among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome-markedly in those with abnormal electromyography and mildly in those with only demyelination. This finding counters conventional wisdom that nerve function changes only in segments distal to injured sites.     

高频超声联合肌电图在腕部正中神经受压诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声联合肌电图在腕部正中神经受压诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取本院2017年2月-2018年3月110例疑似腕部正中神经受压患者为研究对象,手术确诊腕部正中神经受压患者为WZ组,非腕部正中神经受压患者24例为NZ组,分别应用高频超声与肌电图仪对所有患者进行检查,并观察2组患者正中神经运动传导的远端潜伏期(DML)、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)、腕-肘段运动传导速度(MCV)、正中神经感觉传导速度(SCV)、感觉神经的动作电位波幅(SNAP)等肌电图参数,同时观察2组患者高频超声检查的声像图; 以手术确诊为金标准,比较分析不同方案的灵敏度、特异度与准确度。结果 与NZ组比较,WZ组MCV、CMAP、SCV及SNAP均显著降低(P<0.05),而DML显著升高(P<0.05); WZ组患者腕部正中神经横截面面积显著高于NZ组(P<0.05); 肌电图检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共55例,阴性共55例,诊断灵敏度为56.98%,特异度为75.00%,准确度为60.91%,误诊率为25.00%,漏诊率为43.02%; 高频超声检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共57例,阴性共53例,诊断灵敏度为58.14%,特异度为70.83%,准确度为60.91%,误诊率为29.17%,漏诊率为41.86%; 联合检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共84例,阴性共26例,诊断灵敏度为95.35%,特异度为91.67%,准确度为94.55%,误诊率为8.33%,漏诊率为4.65%; 肌电图、高频超声联合检测腕部正中神经受压患者的灵敏度与准确度均显著高于单项检测(P<0.05)。结论 肌电图可有效诊断早期腕部正中神经受压,高频超声可准确判断卡压部位,肌电图与高频超声联合检测可互为补充并提高诊断准确率、降低漏诊率及误诊率。     

Analysis of segmental motor conduction in the median and the ulnar nerves: comparison between normal and diabetic individuals]

We investigated characteristics of segmental motor conduction in the median and the ulnar nerves. Subjects were 55 individuals with normal conduction of the upper extremity and 71 patients with diabetes mellitus. Mean polyneuropathy index (PNI), which was determined as a mean percentage of the normal for 6 indices concerning to the conduction velocity in the upper limb, was 99.0% in the normal group and 85.6 % in the diabetic group on the mean. In the normal group distal latency was longer in the median nerve than in the ulnar nerve, and the conduction time between Erb's point and the wrist was longer in the ulnar nerve than the median nerve both in men and women. In the diabetic group these differences were accentuated; that means the distal latency was relatively more prolonged in the median nerve and the conduction time between Erb's point and the wrist was much longer in the ulnar nerve. Prolonged distal latency in the median nerve of women and conduction delay between Erb's point and the wrist in the ulnar nerve of men altogether resulted in the gender difference in the median minus ulnar F-wave latency after wrist stimulation in the diabetic group. Carpal tunnel segment of the median nerve and the elbow segment of the ulnar nerve are known to be common entrapment sites. This phenomenon of accentuated conduction delay in these common entrapment sites might be considered as a sort of 'double crush syndrome'.     

Reinnervation of spinal cord anterior horn cells after median nerve repair using transposition with other nerves

Our previous studies have confirmed that during nerve transposition repair to injured peripheral nerves, the regenerated nerve fibers of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord can effectively repair distal nerve and target muscle tissue and restore muscle motor function. To observe the effect of nerve regeneration and motor function recovery after several types of nerve transposition for median nerve defect(2 mm), 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, epineurial neurorrhaphy group, musculocutaneous nerve transposition group, medial pectoral nerve transposition group, and radial nerve muscular branch transposition group. Three months after nerve repair, the wrist flexion test was used to evaluate the recovery of wrist flexion after regeneration of median nerve in the affected limbs of rats. The number of myelinated nerve fibers, the thickness of myelin sheath, the diameter of axons and the cross-sectional area of axons in the proximal and distal segments of the repaired nerves were measured by osmic acid staining. The ratio of newly produced distal myelinated nerve fibers to the number of proximal myelinated nerve fibers was calculated. Wet weights of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles were measured. Muscle fiber morphology was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was calculated to assess the recovery of muscles. Results showed that wrist flexion function was restored, and the nerve grew into the distal effector in all three nerve transposition groups and the epineurial neurorrhaphy group. There were differences in the number of myelinated nerve fibers in each group. The magnification of proximal to distal nerves was 1.80, 3.00, 2.50, and 3.12 in epineurial neurorrhaphy group, musculocutaneous nerve transposition group, medial pectoral nerve transposition group, and radial nerve muscular branch transposition group, respectively. Nevertheless, axon diameters of new nerve fibers, cross-sectional areas of axons, thicknesses of myelin sheath, wet weights of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers of all three groups of donor nerves from different anterior horn motor neurons after nerve transposition were similar to those in the epineurial neurorrhaphy group. Our findings indicate that donor nerve translocation from different anterior horn motor neurons can effectively repair the target organs innervated by the median nerve. The corresponding spinal anterior horn motor neurons obtain functional reinnervation and achieve some degree of motor function in the affected limbs.     

Proximal median neuropathy secondary to humeral neck fracture

Median neuropathies proximal to the wrist are uncommon and usually result from penetrating injuries, fracture dislocation of the distal humerus, or compression by fibrous bands. A 66-year-old man suffered a comminuted fracture of the proximal humerus after a fall. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed a severe proximal median neuropathy and a mild distal radial mononeuropathy. Proximal median neuropathy rarely occurs in humeral neck fracture, mostly because the median nerve is not in close contact with the humerus proximally.     

Does retrograde axonal atrophy really occur in carpal tunnel syndrome patients with normal forearm conduction velocity?

OBJECTIVE: The cause of decreased median forearm motor conduction velocity (FMCV) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is best ascribed to retrograde axonal atrophy (RAA); however, the relationships between the occurrence of RAA and electrophysiological or clinical severity remains controversial. We attempt to determine whether RAA really occurs in CTS patients with normal median FMCV and to investigate any relationships between RAA and severity of compression at the wrist. METHODS: Consecutive CTS patients were enrolled and age-matched volunteers served as controls. We performed conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) and measured median and ulnar distal motor latencies (DML), FMCV, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, distal sensory latencies (DSL), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes. Furthermore, palmar median stimulation was done to calculate the wrist-palm motor conduction velocity (W-P MCV). Patients included for analysis should have normal FMCV and needle examination. We compared each electrodiagnostic parameters between the patient group and controls. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD of the W-P MCV for patients and controls were 33.26+/-6.74 and 52.14+/-5.85 m/s and those of median FMCV were 55.26+/-3.56 and 57.82+/-3.9 m/s, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the W-P MCV (36.2%, P<0.00001), significant decrease in the median FMCV (4.43%, P<0.00001) and SNAP amplitudes, and an increase of the DML and DSL in the patient group (P<0.00001) compared to the controls; however, there were no differences in median and ulnar CMAP amplitudes, ulnar FMCV and DML between the controls and patients. CONCLUSIONS: RAA and relatively slowed median FMCV do occur in CTS patients with normal median FMCV, regardless of severity of clinical manifestations and electrophysiological abnormalities. SIGNIFICANCE: This article provides new information for research of the electrophysiological changes of the proximal nerve part at distal injury.     

Correlation of median forearm conduction velocity with carpal tunnel syndrome severity.

OBJECTIVE: Median nerve entrapment neuropathy at the wrist can be accompanied by slowed motor conduction within the forearm. Existing studies conflict regarding a correlation between the severity of the entrapment neuropathy in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and slowing of median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the forearm. Here, it was asked if there is a correlation between markers of CTS severity and median forearm MNCV, and if there is an explanation for the preceding conflicting results. METHODS: Median MNCV in the forearm was correlated with neurophysiologic markers of severity of a median neuropathy at the wrist in 91 hands from 64 patients with clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS. RESULTS: Median MNCV within the forearm segment was negatively correlated with the median nerve distal motor latency (r=-0.64, P<0.001, n=91) and positively correlated with the CMAP amplitude of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (r=0.45, P<0.001, n=91). These correlations only occurred in patients with a prolonged median distal motor latency. Previous investigations that failed to find such correlations used variable or non-standardized methods or analyzed smaller numbers of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Slowing of median MNCV in the forearm is related to the severity of the entrapment of median motor fibers at the wrist. SIGNIFICANCE: Slowed forearm median MNCV can be a marker of motor nerve injury at the wrist.