新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间小儿骨科创伤急诊手术及相关管理措施专家共识

2019年12月以来,以2019冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)为病原体导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者在湖北省武汉市相继出现,并迅速波及全国。陆续的相关报告证实,COVID-19具有强传染性,可通过多种途径传播,包括儿童和青少年在内的所有人群对其普遍易感,这给防控带来巨大的困难。随着疫情的发展,小儿骨科急诊创伤患儿的急诊与住院治疗需求问题日益突显。在武汉市及全国多家抗疫一线小儿骨科医护人员的救治经验基础上,通过查阅已公布的相关防控条例,结合国内外关于2019-nCoV最新研究文献,充分了解其生物学特性和传染特点,综合既往已有的小儿骨科创伤救治原则和循证医学证据,制订本专家共识,为在COVID-19疫情期间对急诊创伤患儿进行手术治疗,制定出系统规范且符合小儿骨科临床实践的临床路径和防控措施,同时也为各级医院从门急诊、住院、手术到术后护理等各环节防控,并安全开展小儿骨科创伤急诊手术处理提供参考依据。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护管理措施,以预防医务人员及患者感染。方法新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期对87例患者行急诊手术,手术室加强三级防护,做好安全防护管理,包括实施手术区改造分区、医务人员培训及防护,加强患者术前、术中及术后管理等措施。结果 87例急诊手术均顺利完成,医务人员均未发生新型冠状病毒感染。结论加强新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护,能确保手术顺利实施的同时,保障患者和医务人员的安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间综合医院手术室的规范化管理

目的避免新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间手术患者及医务人员感染。方法从疫情防控三级组织、择期手术和急诊手术患者的管理、手术室布局管理、手术相关人员管理、医院感染控制管理方面总结疫情期间的规范化管理方法。结果共实施手术448台,其中急诊手术282台,疑似新型冠状病毒肺炎患者手术5台。参与手术的医护人员及辅助工人1 200余人次,均未发生新型冠状病毒肺炎职业暴露及医院感染。结论手术室规范化管理制度和流程指引有利于参与手术的各类人员在紧急情况下有序应对和及时抢救,同时可避免职业暴露及医院感染的发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间急诊创伤骨科患者特点和处理策略

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间急诊创伤患者的损伤特点和处理策略。方法回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月26日期间南方医科大学南方医院骨科收治的22例创伤急症住院患者资料。男18例,女4例;年龄4~66岁,平均年龄35岁。致伤原因:交通伤11例,锐器切割伤(含菜刀切伤)6例,重物压砸伤1例,机器碾压伤1例,跌倒摔伤2例,机器绞伤1例;损伤类型:高能量损伤13例,低能量损伤9例;损伤部位:上肢7例,下肢15例。医护人员诊疗过程中对于无新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)核酸筛查结果的1例患者采用二级防护,其余21例患者采用一级防护。记录患者和医务人员感染2019-nCoV的情况,总结疫情期间创伤急症的处理措施和经验。结果在诊治22例创伤急症患者期间,无一例医务人员和患者确诊COVID-19。紧急入院未做筛查的1例患者按疑似COVID-19病例对待,采用二级防护,术后排除COVID-19。结论COVID-19疫情期间,处理创伤急症的一线医务人员接诊过程均面临较高感染风险。创伤骨科急诊患者主要是交通伤和机器伤,老年患者主要由锐器切割及跌倒引起。通过完善院前筛查、选择合适的麻醉及手术方式、做好围手术期医护人员的防护及合理的术后病房管理和患者心理疏导,可降低院内COVID-19感染发生率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤显微外科病区的感染防控经验

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间创伤显微外科病区的感染防控经验。方法回顾性分析2019年12月31日至2020年2月14日期间武汉大学中南医院创伤与显微骨科51名医务人员和收治患者感染COVID-19的情况。2020年1月20日升级感染防控措施,包括病区的预防性消毒、终末消毒及人员消毒管理,急诊患者管理,住院患者管理,疑似患者管理,医务人员的培训、防控管理及心理干预。对比2020年1月20日前后不同感染防控措施的结果。结果2019年12月31日至2020年1月20日期间科室共有COVID-19确诊病例3例,疑似病例2例。确诊病例包括1名医师、1名技师、1名护士,疑似病例包括1例患者、1名护士。截至2020年2月14日,4名医护技人员均已治愈出院,1例患者死亡。从2020年1月20日感染防控措施升级后,科室共收治29例急诊患者,其中12例患者出现发热(体温≥37.3℃),无一例患者感染COVID-19;科室在岗的47名医务人员培训率达100%,无一名医务人员感染COVID-19和出现心理疾患。结论COVID-19疫情期间,随着疫情的变化,科室采取的感染防控措施不断调整升级,最终科学、有效地杜绝了院内感染的发生,保障了科室医务人员及患者的生命安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤骨科患者处理要点

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严峻,虽一定程度上限制了人员流动,但仍不可避免骨折患者、尤其是低能量损伤老年患者来医院就诊。在此特殊时期,创伤骨科医师应如何在常规的诊疗方式中结合新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控,做好创伤患者围手术期管理,选择合理的术式及麻醉方式,对于患者的预后及疫情的防控至关重要。在做好诊断、治疗、护理、康复等流程的同时,医务人员如何做好自身的防护,避免出现聚集性传播,也是必须要面对的问题。该文从创伤骨科医、护、患三者出发,结合多学科综合干预模式,对当前疫情期间如何做好创伤骨科患者的防治工作进行简要阐述。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下严重腹腔感染紧急救治的外科选择及手术效果分析

目的 探究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间严重腹腔感染紧急救治的三级防护手术方式选择及手术效果分析.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心普通外科医学部2020-01-25-2020-07-30急诊三级防护下完成的16例手术病例的完整临床资料,并将其设为防护组.同时对2019年同期同中心完成的急诊手术临床...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤骨折的诊治原则

2019年12月底,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)从湖北省武汉市向全国各地及境外蔓延[1]。2020年1月20日,中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会将COVID-19列入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病,并按甲类传染病进行防控[2]。COVID-19传染病极强,具人传人特点,发病隐匿、传播速度快、扩散范围广,无症状者亦可传染,给防控工作带来巨大挑战。虽然在疫情期间,创伤骨科以低能量骨折为主,但在物资转运、协调疏导等工作时仍不可避免有高能量创伤骨折发生,以四肢、骨盆和脊柱骨折最为多见,严重者危及生命;因此,优化诊疗方案、及时施治较平时更为严格,也更加重要。在COVID-19和创伤骨科急症处理的双重考验下,《中华创伤骨科杂志》本期刊登了多篇新型冠状病毒肺炎与骨科的相关文章,总结了疫情期间创伤骨科的诊疗规范,并报道了几例严重骨折、尤其是1例确诊COVID-19的腰椎爆裂骨折的手术救治,收到非常好的效果。本文针对疫情防控期间开展的创伤骨科诊疗和护理工作进行点评和总结,以期达到抛砖引玉的效果。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间普通外科的病区管理及对策

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间普通外科病区安全防护管理流程及对策。 方法制定规划病区安全防护管理方案，拟定管理流程，即把好"四个安全防护管理环节"，做到确保病区安全，避免院内交叉感染的发生。 结果按制定的安全防护管理流程，保证了病区安全、医护人员安全，病人和陪护家属安全，无疫情不良事件发生。 结论制定的病区安全防护管理流程，四个安全防护管理环节，能有效避免院内交叉感染的发生。     

新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间急诊妇科出血患者的救治与管理专家共识

新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染疫情暴发至今,给各级医院的临床工作带来极大影响。在疫情期间,及时救治急诊妇科出血患者的同时,如何最大限度保护医护人员不被感染侵犯与避免疫情扩散极为重要。由中华预防医学会生殖健康分会、中国医师协会内镜医师分会妇科内镜专委会、北京医学会妇科内镜学分会牵头,按照国家卫生主管部门对SARS-CoV-2感染防控要求与各级医院管理办法,联合国内包括武汉疫区在内的多家三级甲等综合与专科医院的临床医护人员,针对急诊妇科出血患者的接诊与分流、病房管理与手术室要求、医护人员防护与医疗用品消毒等经验与建议形成本共识,以期为妇科临床工作提供参考与借鉴。     

Revisiting conservative orthopaedic management of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has brought the need to revisit the conservative management of orthopaedic injuries back into sharp focus. On the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, it has been acknowledged by the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) emergency COVID-19 and the National Health Service England (NHSE) guidelines to manage urgent orthopaedic and trauma conditions pragmatically balancing optimum treatment of patients against clinical safety with resource utilization .The current Coronavirus outbreak has refocussed orthopaedic minds on managing many injuries conservatively, which would have otherwise been managed with operative fixations. We revisit the role of conservative orthopaedic management of fractures in the context of COVID-19 and current guidelines.     

Burn Unit admission and management protocol during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe actual epidemic outbreak is the third time in the last two decades in which a coronavirus results in a major global spread with serious consequences in terms of vastity of affected patients, life losses, health system organization efforts and socio-economic implications. Lacking effective therapies and vaccinations, during viral outbreak the major and most incisive mean for viral spread control is spread prevention, especially for the fragile burn-injured patients we are called to care for in Burn Units.MethodsWe developed an admission and inpatient management protocol to preserve burn patients from SARS-CoV-2 contagion, in order to avoid additional morbidity and mortality in patients with already compromised health conditions.Data from burn-injured patients admitted to our Unit following this new protocol were retrospectively analyzed in order to verify its effectiveness in prevention of viral spread.ResultsFrom the 8th of March to the 8th of June, we admitted 18 patients in the Burn Unit ICU and semi-ICU and 17 patients in the Burn Ward. Two of them resulted positive to COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage collected immediately on admission, for both the extension of burns and their general clinical conditions implied ICU admission. Moreover, a caregiver of an admitted child resulted positive to the nasopharyngeal swab. No other cases of SARS-CoV-2 positivity have been reported neither between hospitalized patients nor between healthcare workers.ConclusionThe evidence of high ICU admission rate and high mortality in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 combined with the fragile clinical conditions of burn patients required the development of an admission and hospitalization management protocol.     

传染病专科医院新型冠状病毒肺炎护理应急管理体系构建与实施

目的构建传染病专科医院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎护理应急管理体系,并分析实施效果。方法在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间,迅速构建集管理、培训、调配、救护、感染防控为一体的整体化重大传染病疫情护理应急管理体系,并严格实施。结果从2020年1月21日设置新型冠状病毒肺炎发热门诊和隔离病区,至3月2日发热门诊共接诊发热患者2 330例次;隔离病区收治确诊患者58例,治愈出院56例,转院2例。无医务人员感染。结论护理应急管理体系的建立与有效实施,能够提升传染病专科医院新型冠状病毒肺炎应急救治能力。     

方舱医院开舱紧急收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理管理

目的总结大型方舱医院短时间内收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理管理经验。方法紧急筹备江汉方舱医院开舱前筹备工作,包括落实人员配置,舱内外区域划分,医疗物资及设备准备,病床设施、患者物资准备,各项工作流程、制度的制定,收治时做好患者信息核查、病情评估与观察及突发状况处理等。结果紧急收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者684例,均妥善安置入住,无医疗安全事件发生;未发生医护人员职业暴露。结论充分的人员、物资准备,完善的制度、流程制定及应急事件处理,保障了大型方舱医院紧急大量收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的安全、有序及高效进行。     

Strategies in reconfiguration of hand injuries management during COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a re-organisation of care provided by the Trauma and Orthopaedic services in the United Kingdom. The National Health Service England (NHSE) speciality guide forms the primary responses to this pandemic, whilst British Society for the Surgery of Hand (BSSH) provides sub-specialty guidance on management of hand trauma. The orthopaedic community’s responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients has to be balanced with measures to reduce risk of viral transmission (e.g. reduce face to face consultations) and also protect ion of both the patients and staff.We highlight the strategies applied whilst reconfiguration of hand injury management following publication of COVID-19 British Society for the Surgery of Hand and Indian Orthopaedic Association (IOA) guidelines.     

The change of clinical features and surgical outcomes in patients with pressure injury during the COVID-19 pandemic

This retrospective study aims to explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic altered patient conditions and surgery outcomes by studying 213 pressure injury (PI) patients who underwent surgery during 2016 to 2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020 to 2021 (COVID) in Taiwan. We extracted patient demographics, surgical and blood test records, preoperative vital signs, and flap surgery outcomes. In total, 464 surgeries were performed, including 308 pre-COVID and 156 COVID. During the COVID period, there were more patients presenting with dementia, and it had significantly more patients with >12 000 white blood cells/μL (24.03% vs 15.59%, P = 0.029), higher C-reactive protein levels (7.13 ± 6.36 vs 5.58 ± 5.09 mg/dL, P = 0.014), pulse rates (86.67 ± 14.76 vs 81.26 ± 13.66 beats/min, P < 0.001), and respiratory rates (17.87 ± 1.98 vs 17.31 ± 2.39 breaths/min, P = 0.009) but lower haemoglobin levels (9.75 ± 2.02 vs 10.43 ± 1.67 mg/dL, P < 0.001) preoperatively. There were no between-group differences in flap surgery outcomes but had fewer flap surgeries during COVID-19. Thus, PI patient condition was generally poor during the COVID-19 pandemic because of reduced access to medical treatment; this problem may be resolved through holistic care during a future pandemic or pandemic-like situation.     

Perioperative management strategy of severe traumatic brain injury during the outbreak of COVID-19

Since December 2019, a pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus, i.e. COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Although the epidemic in China has been bought under control, the global COVID-19 situation is still grim. Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as one of critical conditions in the department of neurosurgery, requires an early and effective treatment, especially surgery. There were currently no reliable guidelines on how to perform perioperative protection in TBI patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection. According to the corresponding treatment regulations and guidelines issued by the authorities, we summarized the management strategy of TBI patients in perioperative period during the COVID-19 outbreak based on medical and nursing practice, in order to provide a reference for clinicians.