萘哌地尔治疗良性前列腺增生伴膀胱过度活动症的临床观察

目的:探讨α1A、α1D肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)伴膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的有效性及安全性。方法:采用自身对照的临床试验方法,萘哌地尔25mg,每日1次口服,对50例BPH伴OAB患者进行了为期6周的治疗。于治疗前后,以国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评估(QOL)及最大尿流率(Qmax)、平均尿流率(Qave)、尿量(VV),以及血压和心率为评估指标,观察其有效性及安全性。结果:服药6周后,可评价病例46例。IPSS平均降低9.75分(P<0.01),其中,排尿症状评分平均降低3.97分(P<0.01),储尿症状评分平均降低5.78分(P<0.01);QOL平均降低1.95分(P<0.01),Qmax平均增加4.29ml/s(P<0.01),Qave平均增加3.75ml/s(P<0.01),VV平均增加55.12ml(P<0.05)。血压及心律无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗过程中不良事件发生率4.35%(1例患者出现头晕)。结论:萘哌地尔治疗BPH伴OAB有效,安全。     

良性前列腺增生患者并发膀胱过度活动症与膀胱出口梗阻的关系

目的：研究分析BPH患者并发膀胱过度活动症（OAB）与膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）程度的相关性。方法：163例BPH患者,根据OAB症状评分（OABSS）将患者进行严重程度分级：0级无尿急等OAB症状;OABSS为1级≤5分;2级6-11分;3级≥12分。经腹超声测定前列腺三径和前列腺突入膀胱的距离（IPP）,尿动力学检查测定最大尿流率（Q_max）、剩余尿,最大尿流率时的逼尿肌压力（P＆_det@Q_max）,并计算出AG值,进行方差分析和相关性分析检验。结果：按OAB症状严重程度分为四组：0级44例,1级35例,2级46例,3级38例。OAB症状程度轻重与患者年龄、前列腺体积、最大自由尿流率等无相关。IPSS评分随OAB症状加重而增高,0～3级分别为（8．4±4．2）、（12．7±3．8）、（15．6±3．6）、（18．5±4．1）分（F=49．931,P=0．000）;前列腺中叶增生程度（IPP）呈现显著性升高趋势,0～3级分别为（0．4±0．3）、（0．8±0．5）、（1．1±0．7）、（1．3±0．6）cm（F=21．385,P=0．000）;剩余尿量显著增多,0-3级分别为（50．6±36．1）、（64．5±29．0）、（68．3±30．8）、（72．71±39．2）ml（F=3．345,P=0．021）;P_det@Q_max显著增高,0～3级分别为（48．3±7．5）、（53．6±27．9）、（58．7±29．1）、（70．4±26．8）cmH2O（1cmH2O=0．098kPa,F=3．722,P=0．012）。BOO（AG〉40）发生率分别为：0级36．4％（16／44）、1级54．3％（19／35）、2级58．7％（27／46）、3级73．7％（28／38）,显示OAB症状与AG值呈正相关（r=0．263,P=0．001）。结论：BPH患者并发膀胱过度活动症与膀胱出口梗阻存在显著相关性。     

尿液前列腺素E2与良性前列腺增生伴有膀胱过度活动症相关性研究

目的:分析伴有或不伴有膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者尿液前列腺素E2(PGE2)的浓度,确定PGE2是否与BPH继发的OAB相关。方法:86例因下尿路症状(LUTS)就诊的BPH患者根据OAB症状评分(OABSS)分为OAB组和非OAB组。同时选取34例无LUTS的50岁以上男性为对照组。检测这些研究对象的尿液PGE2浓度,并检测BPH患者的残余尿、最大尿流率、前列腺体积和前列腺特异性抗原,记录国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和OABSS评分。OAB组给予口服坦索罗辛(0.2mg,1次/d)和酒石酸托特罗定(2mg,2次/d),非OAB组只给予坦索罗辛(0.2mg,1次/d)治疗。PGE2浓度除以尿肌酐浓度为标准化的尿PGE2值。结果:对照组PGE2浓度均明显小于OAB组和非OAB组(P均0.05);OAB组PGE2浓度高于非OAB组(P0.05)。经过12周治疗后,OAB组PGE2浓度随着OAB症状的改善明显下降(P0.05),而非OAB组PGE2浓度无明显变化(P0.05)。相关性分析显示OAB组的IPSS储尿期评分、OABSS评分都和PGE2浓度无关(P均0.05)。结论:伴有OAB症的BPH患者尿液PGE2的浓度明显高于正常者和不伴有OAB的BPH患者,并随着OAB的改善而下降。尿PGE2可作为BPH患者OAB存在与否的生物标志。     

逼尿肌过度活动对BPH患者膀胱排空的影响及其原因和意义的探讨

目的：研究逼尿肌过度活动（DO）对BPH患者膀胱排空能力的影响,探讨该影响的原因及意义。方法：选取70例BPH病例,按尿流动力学结果有无DO分为两组,运用统计学方法进行回顾性研究。结果：无DO组剩余尿量（PVR）、最大尿流率（Qmax）分别为194．38（±205．830）ml、5．94（±3．692）ml／min;有DO组分别为96．00（±103．120）ml、8．19（±3．704）ml／min,相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组中并发上尿路积水者共5例,占7．1％,并发上尿路积水者在两组中的分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组中已出现逼尿肌收缩功能受损（DU）者15例,占21．4％,有DO者从下尿路症状（LUTS）出现进展至逼尿肌收缩功能受损的病程明显长于无D0者（P〈0．05）。结论：BPH患者中有DO者与无DO者相比,剩余尿量少、最大尿流率高。DO的存在并不增大上尿路受损风险。推测DO可能是逼尿肌代偿性增厚以外的另一种代偿机制,它增大膀胱排空能力,还可能通过减少排尿时逼尿肌能量消耗来延缓逼尿肌收缩功能受损的发生。     

坦索罗辛联合索利那新在治疗轻中度良性前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症中的疗效分析

目的:探讨坦索罗辛联合索利那新在治疗轻中度BPH合并膀胱过度活动症(OAB)中的有效性及安全性。方法:选取在我院诊治的轻中度良性BPH合并OAB患者166例,分为轻度梗阻症状组(88例)(联合用药组48例及坦索罗辛组40例)和中度梗阻症状组(78例)(联合用药组36例及坦索罗辛组42例)。坦索罗辛组均服用坦索罗辛0.2mg,每日1次。联合用药组均口服坦索罗辛0.2mg,每日1次,索利那新5mg,每日1次,共12周。比较两组治疗前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、排尿期症状评分、储尿期症状评分、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量、膀胱过度活动症症状评分(OABSS)、尿常规检查、不良事件等。结果:在轻度梗阻症状组中,联合用药组治疗后在IPSS、储尿期症状评分、Qmax、OABSS明显优于治疗前(P0.05),而残余尿无明显变化(P0.05),坦索罗辛组治疗后仅IPSS较治疗前有所改善,而其他方面无明显变化(P0.05);而治疗后联合用药组IPSS[(9.7±3.0)分vs(15.8±3.3)分]、储尿期症状评分[(8.1±1.7)分vs(12.3±3.1)分]、Qmax[(18.6±4.1)ml/s vs(14.2±2.3)ml/s]、OABSS[(5.3±1.3)分vs(9.7±2.7)分]等方面明显优于坦索罗辛组(P均0.05),而残余尿、尿常规检查及不良事件无明显差异(P0.05);在中度梗阻症状组,联合用药组治疗后IPSS、排尿期症状评分、Qmax、OABSS明显优于治疗前,而残余尿无明显差异;坦索罗辛组治疗后IPSS、排尿期症状评分、Qmax、OABSS及残余尿较治疗前改善明显;联合用药组的OABSS优于坦索罗辛组[(4.8±1.5)分vs(6.5±2.5)分,P0.05],而在IPSS、Qmax、排尿期症状评分、尿常规检查及不良事件等方面与坦索罗辛组无明显差异(P均0.05)。结论:坦索罗辛联合索利那新在治疗BPH轻中度梗阻症状合并OAB均有明显疗效,其疗效优于单用坦索罗辛,而不良反应无明显增加。     

萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症的疗效分析

目的 探讨萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗前列腺增生（BPH）合并膀胱过度活动症的疗效.方法 49例BPH前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症患者,按随机表法分为2组,分别给予萘哌地尔＋托特罗定和单独服用萘哌地尔,于用药前和用药6周后观察患者前列腺症状评分、最大尿流率、平均尿流率和尿急相关症状评分.结果 49例中共47例患者完成了实验评估.入选患者用药后均无尿潴留的发生.联合治疗组治疗前、后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）（21.2±2.7和16.1±1.7）、生活质量评分（QOL）（5.4±1.9和2.1±0.6）,差异均具有统计学意义（P=0.000）.单独用药组治疗前后的IPSS分别为23.1±1.7和17.2±1.9,QOL评分分别为5.5±0.8和3.1±0.9,（P=0.000）;治疗后二组间IPSS评分、QOL评分均有显著性差异 （P=0.01和P=0.02）.治疗6周后2组患者最大尿流率（Qmax）和平均尿流率（Qave）明显提高（联合治疗组治疗前后Qmav分别为10±2.1,14±4.2;Qave分别为6.7±2.1,9.5±2.5,均P=0.000;单独用药组治疗前后Qmax分别为9±4.2,15±5.3,Qave分别6.1±3.1,9.7±2.7,均P=0.000）;2组治疗前后残余尿量均无显著性差异（P=0.26,P=0.14）.结论 萘哌地尔联合托特罗定治疗BPH合并膀胱过度活动症是一种安全而有效的方法.     

良性前列腺增生并发膀胱过度活动症的尿动力学诊断

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的尿动力学特点,为正确合理的治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年5月就诊的235例BPH患者的尿动力学检查资料.患者年龄52～88岁,平均(68±8)岁.根据患者主诉有无OAB症状分为BPH组和BPH合并OAB组;根据尿动力学检查有无逼尿肌过度活动(DO)又将其分为单纯性BPH组、单纯性BPH合并DO组、BPH合并OAB无DO组及BPH合并OAB伴DO组,比较各组年龄、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺体积、最大尿流率、残余尿量、初感容量、强烈尿感容量、梗阻指数和逼尿肌收缩力情况.结果 最终入选219例患者,年龄56～88岁,平均年龄(66±8)岁,平均前列腺体积(35±24)ml,平均最大尿流率(11±6)ml/s.33.8%(74/219)的患者尿动力学检查出现DO.与BPH组(104例)比较,BPH合并OAB组(115组)年龄更大、IPSS评分更高、前列腺体积更大、初感容量及强烈尿感容量更小、梗阻指数及逼尿肌收缩力减弱比例更高(P＜0.05).单纯BPH组、BPH合并DO组、BPH合并OAB无DO组及BPH合并OAB伴DO组分别为93例(42.5%)、11例(5.0%)、52例(23.7%)、63例(28.8%).BPH合并OAB伴DO与BPH合并DO两组比较,前者DO最大逼尿肌压更高、持续DO时间更长.结论 了解BPH合并OAB患者的尿动力学特点对于合理治疗和预测疗效具有重要意义.     

坦索罗辛联合索利那新治疗良性前列腺增生伴膀胱过度活动症的临床观察

目的 探讨坦索罗辛联合索利那新治疗良性前列腺增生伴膀胱过度活动症的有效性及安全性。 方法 本组良性前列腺增生伴膀胱过度活动症患者82例。年龄50～75岁,平均57岁。入选标准：平均每天排尿次数≥8次,夜间≥2次,每次尿量＜200 ml;膀胱过度活动症症状评分(OABSS)：第3项评分＞2分,总分＞3分。采用随机对照方法,分为对照组（38例）和实验组(44例)。2组临床指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组口服坦索罗辛0.2 mg,每日1次,共12周;实验组口服坦索罗辛0.2 mg,每日1次,索利那新5 mg,每日1次,共12周。比较2组治疗前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、排尿期症状评分、储尿期症状评分、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量、OABSS、尿常规检查、不良事件登记等。 结果 ①对照组治疗前后IPSS评分(19.5±2.2 vs 15.6±2.4)、排尿期症状评分(15.6±2.4 vs3.4±1.7)、Qmax(13.7±3.8 vs16.6±4.1),治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。②实验组治疗前后IPSS评分(19.7±2.3 vs9.7±3.0)、储尿期症状评分（13.8±1.9 vs5.6±1.6）、OABSS( 10.3±1.8 vs5.3±1.3)、Qmax(14.1±4.1 vs 17.2±3.5),治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。③治疗后实验组与对照组IPSS评分(9.7±3.0 vs15.6±2.4)、储尿期症状评分(5.6±1.6 vs 12.0±1.6,)、OABSS(5.3±1.3 vs9.7±2.7)比较差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。实验组与对照组排尿期症状评分(3.4±1.1 vs3.4±1.7)、Qmax (17.2±3.5 vs 16.6±4.1)、残余尿量(36.7±17.1 vs 35.7±12.5)比较差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。2组均无急性尿潴留发生,对照组总体不良反应发生率为7.9％( 3/38),实验组总体不良反应发生率为20.5％ (9/44)。 结论 坦索罗辛联合索利那新治疗良性前列腺增生伴膀胱过度活动症有效、安全,疗效优于单用坦索罗辛。     

良性前列腺增生患者合并前列腺炎与膀胱出口梗阻的相关性研究

目的 探讨BPH患者合并前列腺炎与膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的相关性.方法 选取2008年1月至2012年1月BPH患者300例.年龄47 ～ 93岁,平均69岁.按是否合并前列腺炎分为单纯BPH组136例,PSA(4.9±8.3) μg/L,前列腺体积(41.4±18.1)ml,IPSS评分(21.9 ±7.0)分;合并前列腺炎组164例,PSA(7.0±8.5) μg/L,前列腺体积(48.7±20.7) ml,IPSS评分(27.5±5.1)分.比较两组尿动力学检查梗阻指标的差异.结果 单纯BPH组与合并前列腺炎组的Qmax分别为(8.8±4.8)ml/s和(6.3±3.7) ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力分别为(96.7±33.0)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)和(113.2 ±39.8)cmH2O,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Abrams-Griffiths(A-G)指数分别为77.7 ±31.9和93.9 ±39.6,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Schafer分级值分别为3.3±1.5和4.4±1.2,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示前列腺炎症(OR=2.66,P=0.002)、前列腺体积(OR=1.37,P=0.000)、Qmax(OR =0.72,P=0.000)与Schafer分级有相关性.结论 前列腺炎会加重BPH患者BOO程度.     

Serum Interleukin-11 in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

To clarify whether serum levels of interleukin-11 (IL-11) could be a useful marker in patients with prostate cancer, serum IL-11 was determined in 73 and 23 men with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), respectively, before treatment. There were no statistical differences of IL-11 levels between patients with prostate cancer and BPH. Patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer had a significantly higher level of IL-11 than those with untreated cancer. Serum IL-11 levels may be a potential tumor marker for prostate cancer progression.     

The Link Between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Inflammation

ContextBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases associated with the aging process in men, particularly men aged >50 yr, yet only a few predictive factors have been identified. In recent years, attention has focused on the role of prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of BPH.ObjectiveThis article reviews recent findings related to the potential link between local and systemic inflammation and BPH.Evidence acquisitionIn March 2013, at the annual meeting of the European Association of Urology in Milan, Italy, a satellite symposium entitled “Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and Inflammation, from Lab to Clinic,” was held with the goal of reviewing the latest data relating to the link between inflammation and BPH. This paper is based on one of the presentations at this symposium. A structured PubMed literature search was performed, and emphasis was placed on results from the past 10 yr.Evidence synthesisBPH is characterized by progressive hyperplasia of stromal and glandular cells, and clinically it is defined by lower urinary tract symptoms. In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence linking prostatic inflammation with BPH. The inflammatory infiltrates observed in patients with BPH are composed primarily of chronically activated T-lymphocytes. Cytokines and growth factors released from inflammatory cells create a proinflammatory environment that may support the fibromuscular growth seen in BPH and may also be responsible for inducing a state of relative hypoxia as a result of the increased oxygen demand of the proliferating cells. A number of clinical studies have confirmed the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in men with BPH, and this infiltrate has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis, clinical appearance, and progression of this disorder. There is evidence emerging that systemic inflammation may also play a role in BPH, since in men with metabolic syndrome there was a significant correlation between prostate diameter/volume and the number of metabolic syndrome components.ConclusionsIt is clear that a number of different mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of BPH. Prostatic inflammation is an important feature, since it appears to be involved in the pathogenesis, symptomatology, and progression of the disease.     

前列腺增生症合并膀胱结石的治疗方法选择

目的探讨BPH合并膀胱结石进行同期治疗更为有效的治疗方案。方法对笔者所在医院BPH合并膀胱结石患者64例,根据前列腺体积大小、膀胱结石直径及结石数量分别采用TUVP联合SCL治疗或TUVP联合腔内碎石取石术治疗;腔内碎石包括：OMC或PL两种。结果结石直径〉3cm和（或）多发结石（〉10枚）共8例,采用TUVP联合SCL,平均总手术时间（78.0±30.6）min,出血量约（35.6±23.2）mL;平均术后住院时间（6.2±2.1）d。膀胱结石〈3cm和（或）少发结石（〈10枚）共56例,采用TUVP联合OMC或PL治疗方案,平均总手术时间分别为（80.0±38.5）min、（86.0±20.3）min;平均出血量分别为（30.5±24.3）mL、（40.2±18.5）mL;平均术后住院时间分别为（5.7±4.8）d、（5.4±2.6）d。与两种腔内碎石比较,手术时间、出血量及住院时间,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。64例均一次手术成功,清石率100;术后随访3～6个月,排尿通畅,无结石复发。结论 BPH合并膀胱结石患者,结石较小和（或）少发者适合TUVP联合腔内碎石;结石较大和（或）多发以及前列腺Ⅲ～Ⅳ度大者适合TUVP联合SCL,均具有手术时间短、创伤小、操作简单及安全有效等优点。     

同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺的安全性和疗效观察（附16例报告）

目的：探讨同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺治疗表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症的手术安全性和临床疗效.方法：16例表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症患者,先行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）切除膀胱肿瘤后同期行经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）切除前列腺.结果：患者均顺利完成手术,无膀胱穿孔和电切综合征发生,术后随访6～36个月,平均22个月,6例发生膀胱肿瘤复发,平均复发时间14个月,复发部位均不在膀胱颈口和前列腺尿道,全部再次行TURBT.结论：同期经尿道切除膀胱肿瘤和前列腺治疗表浅性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生症手术安全、短期疗效确切,可适用于一部分年龄较大伴有严重的下尿路梗阻的且肿瘤分期、分级低的表浅性膀胱肿瘤患者.     

良性前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌功能的分析

目的：探讨尿动力学检查对BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）和逼尿肌功能的诊断意义.方法：对95例BPH患者进行压力-容积和压力-流率测定.结果：95例BPH患者中BOO 57例,无BOO23例,其余15例为可疑或分析困难.BOO组前列腺体积大于无BOO组（62.4±16.1）cm^3 vs（41.0±7.1）cm^3（P＜0.05）,最大尿流率（Qmax）小于无BOO组（5.4±1.9）ml/s vs（12.4±5.0）ml/s（P＜0.05）,两组IPSS评分无差别（23.7±4.4）分vs（25.2±4.9）分（P＞0.05）.BOO组有逼尿肌不稳定收缩（DD34例,无BOO组D119例.结论：尿动力学检查有助于判断有无BOO存在,了解BPH患者的逼尿肌功能.IPSS不能判断患者的下尿路症状（LUTS）是否因BOO导致.BPH患者前列腺体积不足很大,但LUTS明显时,应行尿动力学检查.自由尿流率测定对BOO诊断有一定帮助.DI是无BOO患者发生LUTS的重要因素.     

Inflammation and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Clinical Implications

Prostatic inflammation may be a large contributor to hyperplastic changes in the prostate. There have been several studies looking at the varieties of growth factors and cytokines that are involved in both the inflammatory process and in the epithelial/stromal prostatic cells interactions. We reviewed the recent international literature using a PubMed search to analyze new findings supporting a role for inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. This article reviews the factors that lead to both intrinsic and extrinsic causes of prostatic inflammation. There are several exciting studies supporting that inflammation can promote chronic prostatic diseases, such as BPH.     

Role of Prostatic Inflammation in the Clinical Presentation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

ContextAlthough it was hypothesised >20 yr ago that prostatic inflammation could influence clinical presentation and possibly surgical outcome in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), only more recently has compelling substantiating evidence become available.ObjectiveTo review the evidence for the role of inflammation in the clinical presentation and treatment of BPH/LUTS.Evidence acquisitionThis article is based primarily on material presented at a satellite symposium entitled, “Inflammation and Prostatic Diseases: From Bench to Bedside,” held during the 2015 annual meeting of the European Association of Urology in Madrid, Spain. Current data regarding the link between inflammation and BPH were reviewed.Evidence synthesisStudies such as the large-scale Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial and others have clearly demonstrated the association between the presence and/or degree of histologic inflammation and its impact on parameters such as prostate volume, voiding LUTS, and type of surgery required to treat BPH. Prostatic inflammation has been shown to increase by threefold the risk for acute urinary retention, an end point in the natural progression of BPH. Inflammation has been proposed as the common thread between the metabolic syndrome and BPH/LUTS, which frequently co-exist, and offers new therapeutic targets for medical treatment. Motivated patients can undertake lifestyle modifications (eg, weight, diet, exercise) to potentially prevent the need for surgery. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition appears promising as a therapeutic approach for inflammation, but its suitability for long-term use in the BPH population is limited by safety concerns.ConclusionsGreater understanding of the relationship between inflammation and the clinical presentation of BPH/LUTS provides an opportunity to effect clinical changes to improve treatment outcomes.Patient summaryAn increased understanding of the role of prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis, symptomatology, and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is likely to change the treatment paradigm for BPH.