肠出血性大肠埃希菌(O157:H7)的基因同源性的分析

目的 对江苏省徐州地区O157：H7的病原学进行分析。方法 采用聚合酶链反应对O157：H7菌株毒力基因谱进行检测，同时用脉冲凝胶电泳(PFGE)和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对O157：H7菌株的同源性分析比较。结果 流行地区分离的O157：H7菌株，100％携带Hly、eaeA基因，95．35％携带SLT2基因，11．63％携带SLT1基因。脉冲凝胶电泳图谱表明流行地区分离的O157：H7菌株与日本分离的O157：H7菌株有明显差异，为不相关菌株；与国内标准菌株882364为近似型(相似，但不相同)。流行地区患者分离菌株与外环境家畜家禽粪便及昆虫肠道分离菌株的脉冲凝胶电泳图谱完全相同。结论 携带O157：H7菌株的家畜家禽可能是导致疫情发生的传染源。脉冲凝胶电泳方法用于O157：H7病原学分析，对流行病学研究有重要意义。随机扩增多态性DNA方法用于O157：H7病原学分析，技术简便、省时。     

肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157∶H7 espF基因缺陷突变株的构建及其特性初步研究

目的为研究肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157∶H7效应分子EspF功能,构建EHECO157∶H7espF基因缺陷突变株,并对其生物学特性进行初步研究。方法采用OL-PCR和自杀性质粒pCVD442介导的同源重组方法构建中间缺失162bp的espF基因缺陷突变株,并比较突变株与野生株对结肠癌细胞Lovo的黏附性。结果 PCR及序列分析证实,缺陷突变株的espF基因缺失了162bp碱基,野生株对Lovo细胞的黏附率明显高于突变株(P0.001)。结论成功构建EHECO157∶H7espF基因缺陷突变株,突变株黏附Lovo细胞能力减弱,表明EspF促进细菌的粘附,为进一步研究其在EHECO157∶H7的A/E损伤中的作用奠定基础。     

肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7Ⅱ型志贺毒素的纯化及功能鉴定

目的 亲和层析纯化肠出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC)O157:H7Ⅱ型志贺毒素,并鉴定其生物学功能.方法 用抗-Ⅱ型志贺毒素分子A亚单位的抗体S1D8耦联至柱填料Sepharose 4B,制备亲和层析柱.纯化EHEC O157:H7菌体分泌的毒素分子,分别用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDSPAGE)和Western印迹法鉴定毒素分子纯度和特异度,将纯化毒素倍比稀释,观察其对Vero细胞和小鼠的毒性作用,计算其对细胞半数致死量(CD50)和对小鼠的全数致死量(LD100);观察抗毒素血清对小鼠进行毒素攻击的保护作用.结果 通过亲和层析从EHEC O157:H7培养物中成功纯化Ⅱ型志贺毒素.SDS-PAGE显示,其A、B亚单位的相对分子质量分别为32 000和7 500,纯化的毒素分子可分别与Ⅱ型志贺毒素A、B亚单位特异性的单抗结合;对Vero细胞和小鼠均存在致死作用,其CD50和LD100分别为20 ng/L和5 ng,小鼠体内抗毒素血清对毒素可有效中和.结论 成功纯化Ⅱ型志贺毒素,并证实其在细胞和动物模型中的毒性作用.     

Antagonistic interaction between Clostridium butyricum and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Antagonistic interaction between Clostridium butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588 and enterohemorrhagic Esherichia coli (EHEC) strain O157:H7 006 was examined using streptomycin-treated SPF mice and germ free mice. All SPF mice pretreated with streptomycin were colonized with EHEC O157:H7. On the other hand, only 20% of the SPF mice pretreated with streptomycin and C. butyricum were colonized with EHEC O157:H7. In addition, germ free mice died within 4-7 days after infection with EHEC O157:H7. In contrast, all gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with C. butyricum survived after the challenge with EHEC O157:H7. Both the number of EHEC and the amounts of shiga-like cytotoxin (SLT, type 1 and type 2) in fecal contents of gnotobiotic mice treated with C. butyricum were less than those of mice infected with only EHEC O157:H7. In conclusion, the probiotic bacterium, C. butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588, has a preventive effect against EHEC O157:H7 infection.     

出血性大肠杆菌O157菌壳的制备研究

目的利用温度控制噬菌体PhiX174裂解基因E的表达,制备出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌壳,鉴定其裂解效率并观察其形态。方法利用PCR技术扩增得到噬菌体PhiX174裂解基因E并克隆到质粒pBV220中,将重组质粒导入出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7。重组菌株O157∶H7(pBV220::E)培养温度从28℃突升至42℃,每20min检测菌液OD600值,绘制重组菌株生长曲线。体外菌落计数计算裂解效率,并通过电镜观察菌壳结构。结果获得了PhiX174裂解基因E全长基因及重组质粒,构建了大肠杆菌的重组菌株。重组菌菌液OD600值在温度突升至42℃后40min后开始显著下降,80min后OD600值趋于平稳。细菌的裂解效率为98.4%。电子显微镜观察显示,经诱导后,O157∶H7细菌内容物可以通过细菌表面的孔道流出,从而形成菌壳。结论本研究成功制备了大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌壳,为将来进一步研究O157菌壳的特性奠定了基础。     

Escherichia coli O157:H7

E. coli O157:H7 can cause potentially lethal illness in hosts of all ages. These patients often are evaluated and treated by gastroenterologists. The treating physician should administer adequate hydration, usually parenterally, and avoid the use of antibiotics and antimotility agents. The physician needs to notify immediately the appropriate public health authorities of the diagnosis and to ensure that the isolate is recovered by the microbiologist and forwarded for molecular linkage analyses.     

Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from processed salmon roe associated with the outbreaks in Japan, 1998, and a molecular typing of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coil (STEC) O157 were isolated from processed salmon roe which had been a suspected food item in sporadic infections which occurred in Japan in 1998. A total of 45 samples of the processed salmon roe were pre-enriched in trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 36 degrees C for 6 h and novobiocin-supplemented modified EC broth (mEC-NB) at 42 degrees C for 18 h. After the pre-enrichments, the cultures were examined for possible occurrence of STEC O157, using an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. From the examination, a total of 84 strains of STEC O157:H7 that were positive for both stx 1 and stx 2 genes were isolated. By applying the most-probable-number technique, it was estimated that the number of STEC O157 was in the range of 0.73-1.5 per 10 g of the processed salmon roe. Subsequent analysis of the isolates by a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a pattern commonly seen in 82 isolates and another pattern in two isolates. Clinical isolates from 7 patients also showed an identical pattern to those of the 82 isolates and one isolate from a patient showed the other pattern identical to those of the two isolates. The isolates were found to belong to the phage type 14.     

Microarray analysis of Escherichia coliO157：H7

AIM: To establish the rapid, specific, and sensitive method for detecting O157:H7 with DNA microchips. METHODS: Specific oligonucleotide probes (26-28 nt) of bacterial antigenic and virulent genes of E. coli O157:H7 and other related pathogen genes were pre-synthesized and immobilized on a solid support to make microchips. The four genes encoding O157 somatic antigen (rfbE), H7 flagellar antigen (fliC) and toxins (SLT1, SLT2) were monitored by multiplex PCR with four pairs of specific primers. Fluorescence-Cy3 labeled samples for hybridization were generated by PCR with Cy3-labeled single prime. Hybridization was performed for 60 min at 45 degrees. Microchip images were taken using a confocal fluorescent scanner. RESULTS: Twelve different bacterial strains were detected with various combinations of four virulent genes. All the O157:H7 strains yielded positive results by multiplex PCR. The size of the PCR products generated with these primers varied from 210 to 678 bp. All the rfbE/fliC/SLT1/SLT2 probes specifically recognized Cy3-labeled fluorescent samples from O157:H7 strains, or strains containing O157 and H7 genes. No cross hybridization of O157:H7 fluorescent samples occurred in other probes. Non-O157:H7 pathogens failed to yield any signal under comparable conditions. If the Cy3-labeled fluorescent product of O157 single PCR was diluted 50-fold, no signal was found in agarose gel electrophoresis, but a positive signal was found in microarray hybridization. CONCLUSION: Microarray analysis of O157:H7 is a rapid, specific, and efficient method for identification and detection of bacterial pathogens.     

Antibacterial effects of cacao mass on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7]

The antimicrobial activities of aqueous cacao mass extract against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 006 strain were studied. Hot water extract of cacao mass (cocoa extract) was shown to inhibit the growth of EHEC O157:H7 006 strain in PBS or CAYE medium. In addition, the production of verotoxins (types 1 and 2) of EHEC O157:H7 006 strain was significantly inhibited by 8.0% cocoa extract. The cocoa extract did not neutralize the cytotoxity of verotoxins, but had inhibitory effect on adhesion of verotoxins to the target Vero cells. These results demonstrate that cacao mass has antimicrobial effects on EHEC O157:H7.     

Characterization of recombinant antibodies developed for capturing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Escherichia coli O157:H7, an emerging cause of food-borne disease with the occurrence of an estimated 20,000 illnesses and 250 deaths each year in the United States, has now been reported from several countries worldwide. Infections with this bacteria, which follows the ingestion of contaminated food by humans, causes bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and renal disease, that can have serious health implications. The source of food contamination is usually associated with animals, mainly cattle. Many cattle become infected early in life when they are exposed to an environment that is contaminated by other animals shedding the organisms in their feces. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in feces or contaminated food samples requires tests with high sensitivity, which is increased by the use of monoclonal antibodies. However, the production of concentrated monoclonal antibodies in ascites raises animal welfare concerns, and can be expensive. In this study, single chain of variable fragment (scFv) molecules were developed from hybridoma clones that produce immunoglobulins specific for the LPS and flagella antigen of E. coli O157:H7 using phage display technology. The reactivity of the soluble scFv for their respective antigens was preserved in ELISA and by partial inhibition of bacterial agglutination with polyclonal antiserum. Furthermore, the scFv were able to capture E. coli O157:H7 bacteria demonstrating their potential use in diagnostic assays.     

Shiga toxin of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli type O157:H7 promotes intestinal colonization

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea and, occasionally, acute renal failure as a consequence of Shiga toxin (Stx) production by the organism. Stxs are potent cytotoxins that are lethal to animals at low doses. Thus, Stxs not only harm the host but, as reported here, also significantly enhance the capacity of EHEC O157:H7 to adhere to epithelial cells and to colonize the intestines of mice. Tissue culture experiments showed that this toxin-mediated increase in bacterial adherence correlated with an Stx-evoked increase in a eukaryotic receptor for the EHEC O157:H7 attachment factor intimin.     

Houseflies: not simple mechanical vectors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.

An epidemic of enterohemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC-O157) occurred in a nursery school in a rural area of Japan in September 1996. The EHEC-O157 were isolated both from patients and houseflies collected at the school. The flies were suspected to be mechanical vectors of the pathogen. Feeding experiments of EHEC-O157 to houseflies showed that the ingested bacteria were harbored in the intestine of flies and continued to be excreted at least for 3 days after feeding. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a large number of EHEC-O157 adhered to the surface of the housefly mouthparts and actively proliferated in the minute spaces of the labellum. Food masses containing EHEC-O157 in the fly intestine were completely surrounded by a peritrophic membrane during digestion and discharged rapidly. The persistence of bacteria in the intestine and feces is mainly a result of proliferation in the mouthparts and accumulation in the crop. Our results strongly suggest that houseflies are not simple mechanical vectors of EHEC. The epidemiologic potential of houseflies to disseminate EHEC-O157 may be greater than initially suspected.     

Genomic analysis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains isolated in Saitama City

To elucidate the origin of infection, we conducted epidemiological and bacteriological studies to clarify the origin of five sporadic outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 between May and July 2007 in Saitama City and its outskirts. Of the 20 subjects were reported; including 6 patients and 5 infected persons, none of the 9 symptomatic subjects developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. No association was confirmed between infection and food materials, but 11 organisms showed almost the same chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our results suggested that these 5 sporadic outbreaks were part of a diffuse outbreak induced by an EHEC O157:H7 strain having a single origin.     

A diffuse outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 related to the Japanese-style pickles in Saitama,Japan

We have experienced an outbreak of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (Shiga-like toxin 1 & 2 producing) in child independence support facilities in the all dormitory system, in Saitama August 2001. There were 13 patient and EHEC O157s were detected in a total of 29 specimens. As a result of epidemic inspection and microbiological investigation. We recognized that the causative food was Japanese-style pickles named "Wafu-Kimuchi" which had been sold in Saitama and Tokyo area. As the same period, several infections caused by EHEC O157 were considered the same origin in Saitama (8 patients in 5 families). Furthermore some infections happened also in Tokyo. It was made clear this outbreak was a part of a diffuse outbreak caused by Wafu-Kimuchi. In diffuse outbreaks, it is important to grasp a common feature of the individual cases in a wide area. The exchange of epidemic information between two or more municipalities and the guess of the identity in the DNA levels of strains were the key role to the elucidation of this case.