前列腺~(125)Ⅰ射粒子植入结合去势治疗C期前列腺癌(附10例报告)

目的　探讨前列腺12 5I放射粒子植入内放疗在前列腺癌治疗中的意义。方法　依据治疗计划 ,在直肠B超引导下 ,经会阴穿刺植入前列腺12 5I放射粒子对 10例C期前列腺癌行三维适形内放疗并结合手术去势治疗。结果　全组手术顺利 ,平均植入12 5I放射粒子 5 8粒 ,平均手术时间 80分钟 ,术后平均住院时间 5 .9天 ,随访 9例术后 3个月结果 :前列腺体积及PSA均有不同程度降低 ,前列腺平均体积由35 .2cm3 降至 2 4 .7cm3 ,平均PSA由 19.8ng/ml降至0 .74ng/ml,随访 6例术后 6个月结果 :5例PSA进一步降低 ,平均 0 .11ng/ml,1例升高 ,由 0 .5 1ng/ml升高至 1.6 5ng/ml,无一例出现严重的并发症。结论　采用永久性放射粒子植入前列腺三维适形内放疗是一种有效、微创的治疗前列腺癌的方法。     

前列腺~(125)Ⅰ射粒子植入结合去势治疗C期前列腺癌(附10例报告)

 目的　探讨前列腺12 5I放射粒子植入内放疗在前列腺癌治疗中的意义。方法　依据治疗计划 ,在直肠B超引导下 ,经会阴穿刺植入前列腺12 5I放射粒子对 10例C期前列腺癌行三维适形内放疗并结合手术去势治疗。结果　全组手术顺利 ,平均植入12 5I放射粒子 5 8粒 ,平均手术时间 80分钟 ,术后平均住院时间 5 .9天 ,随访 9例术后 3个月结果 :前列腺体积及PSA均有不同程度降低 ,前列腺平均体积由35 .2cm3 降至 2 4 .7cm3 ,平均PSA由 19.8ng/ml降至0 .74ng/ml,随访 6例术后 6个月结果 :5例PSA进一步降低 ,平均 0 .11ng/ml,1例升高 ,由 0 .5 1ng/ml升高至 1.6 5ng/ml,无一例出现严重的并发症。结论　采用永久性放射粒子植入前列腺三维适形内放疗是一种有效、微创的治疗前列腺癌的方法。     

^125Ⅰ前列腺放射粒子植入术并发症分析

目的 探讨125I前列腺放射粒子植入术治疗前列腺癌的效果和并发症. 方法 前列腺癌患者72例,临床分期T2bN0M0至T3aN0M0期63例,T3N0M19例.采用超声引导下125I前列腺放射粒子植入术治疗.术后进行雄激素全阻断辅助治疗.观察术后并发症和临床疗效. 结果 手术时间1～2 h,4～6 d拔除尿管出院.术后随访6～53个月,平均17个月.CR 52例,PR 12例,SD 6例,PD2例.本组病例PSA无进展生存率为97.2%(70/72).Ⅰ级排尿症状47例,Ⅱ级排尿症状25例,无Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级排尿症状发生.伴有直肠刺激症状21例,多为轻度.术后严重出血性直肠炎1例,尿道直肠瘘1例,为同一患者,行结肠造口术和膀胱造瘘术.死亡1例. 结论 125I前列腺放射粒子植入术治疗前列腺癌疗效肯定、创伤小,尤其适合于不能耐受前列腺癌根治术的高龄前列腺癌患者.副作用主要为尿路和直肠症状,多为轻度和自限性的.     

125I粒子植入术治疗局限性高危前列腺癌的疗效

目的 探讨125I粒子植入术治疗局限性高危前列腺癌的疗效.方法 将150例局限性前列腺癌患者按手术方式不同分为传统组(行传统开放式前列腺癌根治术,56例)、腹腔镜组(行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术,56例)及125I粒子植入组(行125I粒子植入术,38例).比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、医疗费用、术后1个月并发症发生率、术后2年生存情况及肿瘤复发情况.结果 125I粒子植入组患者手术时间、术后引流时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间及术后住院时间均短于传统组和腹腔镜组,术中出血量分别少于传统组和腹腔镜组,医疗费用分别高于传统组和腹腔镜组,并发症总发生率分别低于传统组和腹腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).截至术后2年,3组患者生存情况及肿瘤复发情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 相比于传统开放式及腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术,125I粒子植入术治疗局限性高危前列腺癌效果更显著,具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、并发症少的优点,且对患者预后生存无影响.     

辅助内分泌治疗配合放射性粒子组织间植入治疗局限性前列腺癌

 目的 探讨辅助内分泌治疗配合放射性粒子组织间植入治疗局限性前列腺癌的安全性和有效性。方法 22例T1 ~ T2c前列腺癌患者在采用直肠超声引导经会阴穿刺放射性125I粒子组织间植入治疗前后，给予辅助内分泌治疗4 ~ 7个月。术前2 ~ 4个月，术后1 ~ 4个月。结果 22例手术均顺利完成，手术时间60 ~ 120 min，植入125I粒子40 ~ 75枚，术后随访12 ~ 48个月，前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）＜1 ng／ml 15例，1 ng／ml≤PSA＜2 ng／ml 2例，PSA≥2 ng／ml 5例。结论 辅助内分泌治疗配合放射性粒子组织间植入治疗局限性前列腺癌安全有效     

超声引导^125I粒子植入治疗前列腺癌方法的建立与近期疗效

目的探讨超声引导放射性^125I粒子治疗前列腺癌方法建立和近期疗效。方法26例前列腺癌全身或硬膜外麻醉下行经直肠超声引导粒子植入治疗。经直肠超声获取前列腺图像,将图像直接传输到计算机治疗计划系统,术中适时计算机计划,肿瘤周边匹配剂量（matched peripheral doses,MPD）145～160Gy。根据治疗计划插植粒子针,利用Mick植入器植入粒子,粒子植入总数为19—90颗,粒子活度0．35～0．4mCi。术后1个月行盆腔CT扫描,质量验证。结果26例患者成功实施会阴超声和模板引导放射性^125I粒子组织间近距离治疗前列腺癌手术。手术历时1—1．5h。术后验MPD为（137．73±36．5014）Gy。26例前列腺癌患者^125I粒子治疗后生物化学控制率92．3％,2例患者术后6个月出现骨转移。^125I粒子植入治疗,34．6％无尿道副反应,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级尿道副反应分别为38．5％、11．5％、11．5％、0和0。Ⅰ级直肠副反应发生率为3．9％。1例患者1颗粒子移位,没有引起临床相关并发症,无粒子移位到肺。结论经会阴超声引导放射性粒子治疗前列腺癌具有微创、精确度高和副反应发生率低等优势。     

放射性粒子~（125）I植入治疗12例早期肾癌的临床观察

目的：评价CT引导下瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗早期肾癌的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法：对12例肾癌患者的15个病灶在CT引导下行瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗,植入术后立即CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布,术后随访观察有无并发症发生。结果：12例患者均顺利完成手术,平均时间43（30～50）min。单个瘤体内植入125I粒子数为1～19粒（平均8粒）。术后6个月CT扫描显示粒子分布满意,15个病灶中4个消失,7个明显缩小,3个病灶稳定,1个进展。1例孤立肾患者术后3个月发现肉眼血尿,经保守治疗后消失。12例患者未见治疗相关的放射损伤。平均随访36（6～52）个月,1例术后13个月死于心肌梗死,2例术后18和22个月死于多发肺转移。余9例正常生存。结论：CT导引下125I粒子植入治疗对早期肾癌是一种可供选择的安全、有效治疗方法。     

冷冻治疗激素难治性前列腺癌

目的探讨经会阴冷冻治疗激素难治性前列腺癌的临床价值。方法回顾分析18例经内分泌治疗后确认进展为激素难治性前列腺癌患者行在直肠超声引导下经会阴冷冻治疗的临床资料,对手术安全性及疗效进行分析总结。结果 18例患者手术均顺利,平均手术时间98min,术中无明显出血。术后平均住院5天。术后随访10～38个月,平均21个月。完全反应(CR)4例,部分反应(PR)8例,病情稳定(SD)3例,病情恶化(PD)3例。总有效率(CR+PR)66.7%,PSA无进展生存率83.3%(15/18)。未发生严重并发症。结论经会阴冷冻治疗激素难治性前列腺癌安全、微创,并发症低,近期     

放射性粒子125I植入治疗12例早期肾癌的临床观察

目的:评价CT引导下瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗早期肾癌的可行性、安全性及其疗效.方法:对12例肾癌患者的15个病灶在CT引导下行瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗,植入术后立即CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布,术后随访观察有无并发症发生.结果:12例患者均顺利完成手术,平均时间43(30～50) min.单个瘤体内植入125I粒子数为1～19粒(平均8粒).术后6个月CT扫描显示粒子分布满意,15个病灶中4个消失,7个明显缩小,3 个病灶稳定,1个进展.1例孤立肾患者术后3个月发现肉眼血尿,经保守治疗后消失.12例患者未见治疗相关的放射损伤.平均随访36(6～52)个月,1例术后13个月死于心肌梗死,2例术后18和22个月死于多发肺转移.余9例正常生存.结论:CT导引下125I粒子植入治疗对早期肾癌是一种可供选择的安全、有效治疗方法.     

放射性125I粒子植入联合内分泌治疗早期前列腺癌

目的:探讨经会阴超声引导放射性125I粒子植入联合去势治疗早期前列腺癌疗效和不良反应.方法: 39例早期前列腺癌实施经会阴超声引导和适时计划指导放射性125I粒子植入治疗,7例粒子术前行去势术,21例粒子植入后同时行去势术,11例粒子治疗后联合药物去势治疗.粒子治疗的匹配周边剂量(matched peripheral doses,MPD)为145-160Gy,尿道剂量低于400Gy.125I粒子活度0.35-0.50mCi,中位植入69颗(19-97颗).结果: 失败标准为前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)治疗后升高>4ng/ml,≤4ng/ml为生物化学无进展生存(biochemical disease-free survival,BDFS).全部患者顺利完成粒子植入术.36例粒子治疗后达到BDFS,3例分别在粒子治疗后6、8和36个月PSA升高,2例行内分泌治疗,1例行外放疗联合内分泌治疗.2年和3年BDFS分别为94.8%(37/39)和92.3%(36/39).粒子植入治疗后Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级直肠不良反应发生率分别为5.1%(2/39)和7.7%(3/39),没有Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级直肠反应.粒子植入治疗后Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级尿道不良反应发生率分别为53.8%(20/39)、17.9%(7/39)和2.6%(1/39),对症处理好转.2例粒子移位,没有相关并发症.结论: 经会阴超声引导放射性125I粒子植入治疗前列腺癌具有安全、微创、并发症发生率低等优点.     

^125I对比^103Pd治疗低危前列腺癌的系统评价

背景与目的：粒子植入近距离放射治疗是早期前列腺癌的主要治疗手段．常用核素粒子为^125I或^103Pd,二者在前列腺癌治疗的并发症和结果方面存有差异。本文用系统评价的方法分析^125I或^103Pd近距离放射治疗低危前列腺癌的疗效和副作用,为临床决策提供指导性依据。方法：采用文献检索和手工检索的方式搜集2008年5月以前有关^125I或^103Pd治疗低危前列腺癌的随机对照试验的文献资料,根据Cochrane Handbook4．2．6质量评价标准进行评价,由两位研究者交叉核对纳入试验的结果,用RevMan5．0进行统计学分析。结果：共纳入6个随机对照研究．1406例患者。^125I或^103Pd治疗低危前列腺癌生物学无进展生存率差异没有统计学意义（RR=0．97,95％CI=0．93～1．01）;治疗后1个月^103Pd组副作用较^125I组明显,治疗后6个月^125I组副作用较^103Pd明显,治疗后12个月两种核素副作用无差别。结论：使用^125I或^103Pd治疗低危前列腺癌疗效相似,副作用在治疗后不同时间点有差异。     

The use of linked seeds eliminates lung embolization following permanent seed implantation for prostate cancer

PURPOSE: A number of reports of (125)I seed migration to the lungs after prostate brachytherapy have been published. There are, however, very limited data available on how to reduce the risk of this event. The purpose of the present report is to determine whether seed embolization to the lungs can be minimized by using stranded seeds alone for brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between December 2001 and December 2002, 238 patients with early prostate cancer were treated with prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy using (125)I stranded seeds (RAPIDStrand) exclusively. All patients had fluoroscopy during the implant and immediate postimplant radiographs of the pelvis. A sample of 100 patients had chest radiographs performed, on average, 55 days after implant. To determine the ease, or lack of ease, with which these (125)I seeds could be visualized, 4 patients who did not have prostate cancer and who were having routine chest radiographs as part of their management for other cancers consented to have posteroanterior and lateral radiographs performed with inactive (125)I seeds taped to the skin of the thorax. All radiographs were reviewed by a single radiologist. RESULTS: The number of seeds noted on the postimplant radiographs corresponded to the number of implanted seeds in all 238 cases: There was, therefore, no evidence of seed embolization immediately postimplant. On review of the 100 chest radiographs, no embolized seeds were found. CONCLUSION: No evidence of seed embolization was observed with the use of stranded (125)I seeds as used for prostate brachytherapy.     

Brachytherapy with transperineal (125)Iodine seeds for localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyze the treatment results of transperineal (125)Iodine seeds in localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1996, 102 patients with T1-T2 N0 prostate cancer were treated with transperineal (125)Iodine seed implants at the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam. Tumours were classified as T1c in four patients, T2a in 73 patients and T2b in 25 patients. The mean pre-treatment PSA was 17 ng/ml. The (125)Iodine seeds were implanted transperineally under transrectal ultrasound guidance. The mean prostate volume was 31 ml (range 15-48 ml). An average of 49 seeds (range 29-74) was implanted. The dose to the periphery of the prostate was 160 Gy. Until 1988, 27 patients had additional external pelvic irradiation to a dose of 40 Gy in 20 daily fractions of 2 Gy. RESULTS: The 5- and 7-year actuarial survival rates were 77 and 63%, respectively (median 102 months). Ten patients (9.5%) died from prostate cancer. The 5- and 7-year clinical progression rates were 12 and 17%, respectively. Biochemical failure rates at 5 and 7 years were 39 and 44%, respectively. Age, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, differentiation grade, additional treatment, staging procedure, number of seeds, prostate volume, treatment period and PSA were analyzed as prognostic factors. Only pre-treatment PSA was a prognosticator of clinical and biochemical outcome but not of survival. Biochemical control at 6 years varied from 30% for pre-treatment PSA values higher than 20 ng/ml to 95% for values < or =8 ng/ml. Forty-one out of 49 patients who were sexually active before brachytherapy maintained sexual function during the follow-up. Complete urinary incontinence occurred in one patient. No rectal complications were seen in patients receiving brachytherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Transperineal (125)Iodine seeds brachytherapy in localized prostate cancer achieves a good clinical control and overall survival with acceptable late toxicity. Biochemical failure was strongly correlated to the pre-treatment PSA value.     

125碘粒子近距离治疗晚期胰腺癌12例疗效分析

目的探讨125碘粒子近距离治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效。方法对12例晚期胰腺癌采用术中直视下组织间永久植入125碘粒子。植入术后1周内行X线或CT检查有无粒子迁移。术后1、2、3、6个月后随访B超或CT检查进行疗效评价。结果2个月后复查CT,近期总有效率92.00%,其中完全缓解(CR)8.33%(1/12),部分缓解(PR)83.33%(10/12),无变化(NC)8.33%(1/12)。治疗后随访至今(2～9个月)所有治疗患者中出现胰漏1例,胃肠反应6例。结论125碘粒子组织间永久性植入近距离治疗晚期胰腺癌近期疗效好、安全、副反应少,是1种新的治疗晚期胰腺癌的手段。     

Seed fixity in the prostate/periprostatic region following brachytherapy

PURPOSE: Although postoperative dosimetric analyses of prostate brachytherapy are commonly reported, the long-term persistence, or fixity, of seeds implanted in the prostate gland and periprostatic region remains unclear, with only a few reports regarding the loss or migration of the seeds in the implanted region and none which correlate lung embolization to pelvic seed loss. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study population consisted of 175 consecutive patients implanted with either 125I (95 patients) or 103Pd (80 patients) using a mean of 136 seeds in a modified uniform loading approach to cover a planning volume that was 1.64 times the ultrasound prostate volume. An average of 64% of 125I seeds were embedded in braided vicryl suture, and these seeds were used on the periphery and extra prostatic regions. Following CT-based dosimetric analysis on day 0, all patients had orthogonal plain films of the pelvis obtained from day 0 to day 502, with an average of 2.3 film pairs per patient. Routine diagnostic PA and lateral chest X rays were obtained for 156 patients over the same time period. RESULTS: The mean pelvic seed fixity was greater than 98% throughout the time covered by this study. The seed fixity rates for 125I and 103Pd, although nearly equal, were significantly different up to 60 days post implant. The median 125I seed loss per patient was only 1 seed through 180 days while for 103Pd, the median seed loss was 2 seeds at 28 and 60 days and 3 seeds at 180 days. The fraction of patients experiencing no seed loss decreased from 40% at 28 days to 20% at 180 days for 125I and from 24% to 7% for 103Pd over the same time interval. Patient and treatment parameters closely correlated to local seed loss include the number of seeds implanted, the planning volume, and the number of loose seeds, and for 125I, the fraction of seeds in suture. The fraction of seeds placed outside the gland was not correlated with seed loss. Of the seeds lost from the pelvis, about 10% were found to embolize to the lungs. Among the 156 patients with post-implant chest X rays, the fraction of patients with pulmonary seed embolization was 34/156 (21.8%). Of the 20 patients who had post-implant chest X rays obtained within 14 days of brachytherapy, none had seeds detected in the lungs, while of the 136 patients who had chest X rays obtained greater than 30 days following implantation, 25.0% (34 patients) were noted to have seeds visualized in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: With a median follow-up of 9 months, 125I seeds embedded in a vicryl suture or 103Pd seeds can be safely implanted in the prostate and periprostatic tissue with a high probability of prostate bed seed fixity and a low incidence of radioactive seed embolization to the lungs.     

I-125 implantation for localized prostate cancer: the Utrecht University experience.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: I-125 seed implantation is one of the treatment modalities for localized prostate carcinoma. It has few side-effects compared with radical prostatectomy and beam irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 249 naive patients were treated by perineal implantation between December 1989 and December 1998. Mean age was 69 years (range 45-91 years). Stage and grade were: T(1), 121; T(2), 126; T(3), 2; well differentiated, 136; moderate, 100; undifferentiated, 15; not established, 8. Mean initial PSA level was 16.1 ng/ml (range <1.0-165). Mean prostate volume was 33 cm(3). Sixty-two patients had had previous surgical intervention for voiding problems. Treatment evolved from single seeds to RAPID Strand, and from a probe-mounted template to stepping unit and pre-planning. The introduction of RAPID Strand considerably increased the number of seeds (mean 41->65 seeds). Mean follow-up was 32.8 months, median 29.2 months (range 6-94 months). RESULTS: A total of 195 patients had no evidence of disease (18 died of intercurrent causes) and 54 had evidence of disease (13 died with prostate cancer). Toxicity was found in 22 patients. Urinary side-effects occurred in 18 patients, in nine cases after previous TURP. Four patients had intestinal problems, but only one had a rectal ulcer, which healed after hormonal therapy for local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a correlation between the number of seeds implanted per cm(3) prostate volume and the final result. This is also reflected in a better volume coverage from MRI studies.     

Clinical and dosimetric analysis of 469 prostate cancer patients treated in France in 2005 by permanent implant brachytherapy using the Iodin 125 seeds IsoSeed Bebig: report to the French Economic committee of health products (CEPS)]

A French decree of February 3rd 2005, allowed the Iodin 125 seeds from several companies to be reimbursed after a permanent implantation brachytherapy for a prostate cancer. Within this frame, the French "Comité économique des produits de santé" (CEPS; Economic committee for health products) made mandatory the annual writing and publication of a follow-up study with three main aims; make sure that the seeds were used for prostate cancer patients with criterias corresponding to the national recommendations, analyze the quality of the dosimetric data, and report all side effects, complications and possible accidents. We therefore report here a clinical and dosimetric analysis of 469 patient cases treated in France in nine centers in 2005 with the Iodin 125 IsoSeed Bebig. This analysis shows that: 1) The national recommendations for selecting patients for exclusive prostate brachytherapy have been taken into account in 97% of the cases; 2) The dosimetric quality criterias totally fulfilled the recommendations in a large majority of cases; the intra-operative D90 was found to be superior to 145 Gy in 98% of the patients, and the intra-operative V100 was superior to 95% in 96% of the cases; 3) The early toxicity (mainly urinary) was found to be at the lower range of what is reported in the literature, with in particular a retention rate of 2.4%.