司机中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率调查

目的 调查承德市司机OSAHS患病率. 方法 使用随机数字表法对2003年7-8月承德市进行车辆年检的汽车司机进行抽样问卷调查,对部分2级及2级以上打鼾者进行夜间多导睡眠监测仪监测.采用x2检验进行组间比较. 结果 在被调查的718名司机中,从不打鼾者占总数68.3%(490/718),有不同程度打鼾者占31.7%(228/718),其中≥2级打鼾者患病率为16.6%(119/718).随年龄增加,打鼾者的比例呈逐渐上升趋势.男性打鼾者占33.6%(217/646)高于女性15.3%(11/72).吸烟、饮酒、肥胖均增加打鼾患病率.在对鼾症的认知方面,其中43.2%(310/718)司机认为打鼾不是病;16.7%(120/718)认为打鼾是病但不需要治疗;40.1%(228/718)认为打鼾是病且需要治疗;仅1例进行治疗.按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)35次/h为标准,司机OSAHS的息病率为12.3%(28/228).若结合日间Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准,司机中OSAHS的患病率为4.1%(9/228). 结论 司机鼾症的患病率为31.7%,OSAHS的患病率为4.1%.     

福州市区老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解福州市区老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患病率及危险因素情况. 方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对福州市5个市区≥60岁及常住居民904名进行入户调查;抽取打鼾≥3级115名及2级22名,进行整夜多导睡眠呼吸监测,推算人群OSAHS的患病率;并对OSAHS发生进行相关危险因素进行分析. 结果在904名老年人中,习惯性打鼾227名,鼾症发生率25.1%,以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数≥5次/h加Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥9分为标准,推算老年人OSAHS患病率为10.3%;多元逐步回归分析发现,上气道异常、嗜睡、吸烟、肥胖、高龄、有打鼾家族史是OSAHS发生的危险因素. 结论福州市区老年人鼾症、OSAHS发生率高,应根据其流行特点制定相应防治策略,使其患病率及危害降到最低.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者日间嗜睡与P物质水平的关系

目的 探讨P物质水平与OSAHS患者日间嗜睡的关系.方法 纳入2009年1月至2010年12月福建医科大学附属泉州市第一医院呼吸内科因鼾症就诊的患者120例,根据多导睡眠监测结果分为单纯鼾症组及0SAHS组:单纯鼾症组30例,男24例,女6例,平均年龄为(48±15)岁,平均AHI为(2.8±1.6)次/h；OSAHS组90例,其中男78例,女12例,平均年龄为(49±12)岁,平均AHI为(37.1 ±23.7)次/h.采用Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth sleepiness scale,ESS)进行嗜睡程度评估,放射免疫法测定血浆P物质水平.结果 2组患者在性别、年龄及体重指数等方面均匹配.0SAHS患者ESS评分为(13±5)分,高于单纯鼾症患者(F=10.299,P＜0.05),且OSAHS病情较重,其评分也较高.0SAHS患者P物质水平为(132±27) ng/L,低于单纯鼾症患者(F=3.048,P＜0.05),且OSAHS病情越重P物质水平越低.相关性分析显示0SAHS患者P物质水平与ESS评分呈负相关(r=-0.238,P＜0.05).结论 OSAHS患者日间嗜睡程度升高,P物质水平降低,二者存在一定的相关性.     

鼾症患者日间嗜睡与血压及血糖的关系研究

目的探讨日间嗜睡是否为鼾症患者合并高血压，糖尿病的危险因素。方法对经多导睡眠图确诊的单纯鼾症患者及正常对照组以Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth sleeps cale）进行问卷调查并判断嗜睡评分（EP），分析日间嗜睡在高血压血糖变化中的影响。结果单纯鼾症组（50例）血压：（144．68±11．93／90．66±9．20）mmHg，高血压发生率66％，空腹血糖（6．17±1．48）mmol／L，正常对照组（20例）血压（132．75±9．39／81．5±7．63）mmHg，高血压发生率30％，空腹血糖（5．37±0．74）mmol／L。两组的嗜睡指数分别为：单纯鼾症组（14．98±4．76），对照组（7．7±2．13），其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。嗜睡指数与微觉醒指数正相关（r=0．9049）（P〈0．05），鼾症组嗜睡指数与血压呈正相关（r=0．4242）（P〈0．05），且相关性随着年龄的增长而减小。单纯鼾症组较对照组空腹血糖也增高（P〈0．05）。结论鼾症及日间嗜睡是高血压，糖尿病的危险因素，对其机制的研究可能对控制OSAS的并发症有一定意义。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者嗜睡程度与驾驶车辆能力的关系研究

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者日间嗜睡与夜间缺氧程度及疾病严重程度的关系.方法 对2007年7月至2008年1月中国医科大学附属第一医院呼吸内科经多导睡眠呼吸监测确诊的32例男性OSAHS患者与10例单纯鼾症男性对照者进行嗜睡评分以及全夜多导睡眠监测,根据不同睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分组,比较其嗜睡情况与驾驶车辆能力,并与AHI和夜间低氧程度进行相关分析.结果 (1)OSAHS组驾驶车辆能力下降、嗜睡评分明显高于对照组[(15.34±4.80)分对(7.60±4.65)分,P＜0.05],并且随着AHI的增加(r=0.782,P＜0.001)、最低血氧饱和度的降低(r=-0.744,P＜0.001),其嗜睡评分增加.(2)多元逐步回归表明,AHI、最低血氧与患者日间嗜睡程度密切相关,其回归方程为Y(日间嗜睡评分)=19.441-0.132X1(最低血氧饱和度) 0.109X2(AHI)(R2=0.651,P＜0.05).结论 (1)OSAHS患者有较大的驾车安全隐患,并且重度的OSAHS患者尤为明显.(2)OSAHS患者日间嗜睡程度与AHI和最低血氧均密切相关.     

克拉玛依市区35岁以上汉族与维吾尔族人群鼾症流行病调查

目的 调查克拉玛依市区35岁以上汉族与维吾尔族人群打鼾的发病率,并分析其相关危险因素,为该病的防治提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法对克拉玛依市区天山社区和永红社区35岁以上汉族及维吾尔族常住居民进行入户鼾症问卷调查.内容包括打鼾情况、白天嗜睡程度[爱波沃斯评分(ESS评分)],测量血压、身高、体质量、颈围、腹围、腰围及臀围.结果 2600人参加了鼾症问卷调查,实际调查人数为2 533人(应答率在95%以上).有效问卷2 357份(有效率为97.4%),其中汉族1021人,维吾尔族1 336人,打鼾者1 298人(51.2%),汉族打鼾发病率为61.9%,维族打鼾发病率为45.4%.汉族与维族鼾症高危组冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及高血压发病率明显高于低危组(P值均<0.01).结论 克拉玛依市区35岁以上人群打鼾发病率为52.5%.打鼾随年龄、体质量指数、颈围、ESS评分的增加而增加,肥胖和ESS评分增高是汉族和维族打鼾的主要危险因素.打鼾是高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的独立危险因素,是影响公众健康的重要问题,应当引起重视.     

长沙市公务员正常高值血压、高血压流行现状及危险因素分析

目的 调查湖南省长沙市公务员正常高值血压、高血压流行现状,进行危险因素分析,为制定防治策略提供依据.方法 对长沙市公务员进行横断面调查,根据血压水平分为正常血压、正常高值血压和高血压三组.计算长沙市公务员正常高值血压和高血压现患率;比较吸烟、饮酒等危险因素在三组人群的差异,用多分类Logistic回归分析法进行危险因素分析,并统计三组人群合并危险因素的状况.结果 长沙市公务员正常高值血压、高血压患病率分别为42.54%、22.87%.正常高值血压人群吸烟、饮酒、有早发心血管病家族史者比例明显高于正常血压组而低于高血压组(P均<0.05).正常高值血压人群体质指数、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平均高于正常血压组(P均<0.05),低于高血压组(P均<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于正常血压组(P<0.05),高于高血压组(P<0.05).男性较女性正常高值血压发生率显著升高(P<0.01),高血压患病率差异无显著性(P>0.05).年龄、体质指数、吸烟、饮酒、早发心血管病家族史、血脂异常、血糖等危险因素与正常高值血压、高血压的发生显著相关.12.94%的正常高值血压人群和14.02%的高血压人群合并3种及3种以上危险因素.结论 湖南省长沙市公务员人群正常高值血压发生率和高血压现患率高于全国平均水平.男性较女性更易发生正常高值血压,年龄、吸烟、饮酒、家族史、血脂、血糖、体质指数等危险因素与正常高值血压、高血压的发生密切相关.10%以上的正常高值血压、高血压公务员合并3种及3种以上危险因素.     

福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患病率及危险因素情况,为该病防治及开展前瞻性研究提供依据和基线资料.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法对福州市五区部分20岁以上常住居民5500名进行入户调查;随机抽取打鼾≥13级315名、打鼾2级100名被调查者,进行整夜多导睡眠呼吸监测,推算人群中OSAHS的患病率;并对OSAHS发生进行相关危险因素分析.结果 实际完成调查人数4595名,应答率83.55%,有效问卷4286份,有效率93.28%;习惯性打鼾606名(14.14%),以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h加Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥9分为标准,推算人群中OSAHS患病率为4.78%;多元逐步回归分析发现年龄、吸烟量、打鼾家族史、颈围、腰围及上气道异常是OSAHS发生的危险因素.结论 鼾症、OSAHS发生率高,应根据其在福州市流行特点制定相应防治策略,降低OSAHS发生中可变危险因素的作用,使其患病率及危害降到最低.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者嗜睡程度与细胞因子水平的关系

目的研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者不同日间嗜睡程度时血浆细胞因子水平的变化。方法55例鼾症患者进行整夜的多导睡眠呼吸监测,其中42例中重度OSAHS患者根据Epworth嗜睡评分划分嗜睡程度,并抽取空腹血利用放射免疫法测定血浆中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8的含量。结果随呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）增加,OSAHS患者嗜睡程度越明显。中重度OSAHS患者合并重度嗜睡时血浆TNF-α水平显著高于轻度嗜睡的患者（P=0.029）,各组患者IL-6、IL-1β和IL-8水平无统计学差异。中重度OSAHS患者持续气道正压通气治疗1个月后,其血浆中各细胞因子水平无明显变化。结论严重呼吸紊乱可导致明显的日间嗜睡症状;高TNF-α水平可能在OSAHS患者嗜睡的发病中起重要作用。     

普通人群脑出血危险因素的汇总分析

目的:探讨普通人群脑出血的危险因素.方法:通过西文生物医学期刊文献数据库(EMCC)、中国医院知识仓库(CHKD)、MEDLINE和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc)检索相关研究.检索词为脑出血、因素、病例对照研究或队列研究.结果:共有8篇文献符合纳入标准且有原始数据.因各研究包含的危险因素在计数和计量方面存在差异,无法合并所有数据.高血压、脑血管病家族史、高盐饮食、饮酒、糖尿病、舒张压增高、收缩压增高、吸烟、鼾症和体质指数(BMI)增高的加权均数差(95%可信区间)分别为5.71(4.00～6.79)、3.54(2.44～5.14)、2.58(1.94～3.43)、2.80(2.29～3.43)、2.78(1.83～4.23)、1.90(1.35～2.70)、17.76(16.60～18.92)、30.43(28.61～32.25)、5.42(5.15～5.70)、1.90(1.34～2.69)、6.88(4.61～10.26)和5.42(5.15～5.70).以上指标在病例组与对照组之间有显著差异(P均<0.000 01).结论:脑出血的危险因素包括高血压、脑血管病家族史、高盐饮食、吸烟、饮酒、鼾症、糖尿病、超重、舒张压增高、收缩压增高和BMI增高.     

上海市30岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 调查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(0SAHS)的人群患病率，为制定该病的防治策略提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对上海市卢湾区、徐汇区、杨浦区、浦东新区4区6个街道常住30岁以上居民9600人，进行问卷调查；根据打鼾程度，从中、重度组随机抽样150例，行整夜便携式多导睡眠检测仪监测，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率。结果 实际调查人数8081人(应答率为84．18％)，其中有效问卷6826份(有效率为84．47％)。其中打鼾占57．11％，中、重度打鼾占23．73％。且随着年龄的增加，打鼾比例逐渐增加，70岁后呈下降趋势。男性高于女性，尤见于中、重度。吸烟和饮酒与打鼾程度相关。绝经和月经不规律打鼾的发生率及程度均较规律为高。不同程度打鼾患，日间的嗜唾评分有明显差异。按睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次h为标准，人群0SAHS的发生率为20．39％。结合日间Epworth嗜唾量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率为3．62％。结论 我国大陆30岁以上人群0SAHS患病率保守估计为3．62％，是影响公众健康的重要问题之一，应当引起足够的重视。     

Habitual loud snoring. A study of prevalence and associations in 850 middle-aged French males

BACKGROUND: Most studies on habitual snoring have focused on its prevalence. However, from the clinical point of view, the intensity of snoring is of upmost importance, as it suggests the existence of sleep apnoeas. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of loud snoring using a standard questionnaire and to evaluate the anthropometric and sleep characteristic differences between loud and light snorers in a sample of middle-aged males. METHODS: The subjects were middle-aged active male employees. They completed a structured sleep questionnaire and had standard anthropometric measurements. Subjects reporting habitual snoring (> or =3 nights/week) were further classified as loud or light snorers. RESULTS: Of the 850 male subjects volunteering, 149 (17.5%) were habitual loud snorers. Loud snorers were older and had a greater waist-to-hip ratio as compared with light snorers. In univariate analysis, loud snoring was associated with gasping/snorting during sleep, breathing stops during sleep, waking up too early, excessive daytime sleepiness and falling asleep while watching TV. Logistic regression identified four independent associates of loud snoring: gasping during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, falling asleep watching TV and age. CONCLUSIONS: Loud snoring is present in a significant proportion of middle-aged men and is associated with central obesity and age. It disturbs sleep and elicits significant daytime sleepiness. Its association with breathing pauses (univariate) and its independent association with gasping during sleep suggests that loud snoring could be considered a clinical correlate of obstructive sleep apnoeas.     

Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-67)

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the normal-weight urban South Indian population.

Methods

This population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in 358 subjects aged 20–76 years randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study in South India. A validated questionnaire assessing various sleep abnormalities (snoring, daytime sleepiness, lack of refreshing sleep, and number of hours of sleep) was administered. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, and anthropometric biochemical measurements were obtained to assess cardiometabolic risk factors including glucose intolerance. Diabetes risk was assessed using a previously validated Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS).

Results

The overall prevalence of snoring and daytime sleepiness was 40% and 59%, respectively. Snorers were more male, older, smokers, and had higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects with daytime sleepiness had higher body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. Both snoring (50.9% vs 30.2%, p < 0.001) and daytime sleepiness (68% vs 49.7%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among subjects with impaired glucose metabolism compared to those with normal glucose metabolism. Both sleep measures were associated with higher diabetes risk scores, as assessed by the IDRS (snoring: trend χ², 11.14, p = 0.001; daytime sleepiness: trend χ², 5.12, p = 0.024). Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with snoring even after adjusting for age, sex, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol.

Conclusion

The prevalence of snoring and daytime sleepiness is high among urban South Indians and these two sleep measures are associated with glucose intolerance, MS, and higher diabetes risk scores.     

Prevalence of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in a student population

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in young adults in Southeast Asian countries is unknown. We aim to determine the symptoms and prevalence of SDB in a university student population using a questionnaire survey followed by home sleep monitoring. METHODS: The Sleep and Health Questionnaire (a modified version of the Specialized Centers of Research Sleep Questionnaire, translated into Chinese) was distributed to all first-year students (1,306 male and 1,757 female) enrolled in the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Subsequently, those students who returned the questionnaires were randomly chosen to undergo portable home sleep monitoring using the MESAM IV device (Madaus Medizin-Elektronik; Freiburg, Germany). RESULTS: A total of 1,910 replies were obtained from 3,063 questionnaires sent by mail (response rate, 62.4%). The female to male ratio was 1.8:1, with mean age of 19.4 years (SD, 1.3 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 20.0 (SD, 2.5). Overall, 25.7% of subjects reported snoring; 10.7% and 42.1% reported impaired performance ability and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Of the 88 subjects who underwent overnight sleep monitoring, 66 subjects (75%) were snorers and 8 subjects (9%) snored > 10% of the night. Male subjects had a higher BMI (p < 0.001) and tended to snore more often than female subjects (p = 0.06). Subjects with an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) > or = 3 had a BMI > 22 (p < 0.05). On sleep study, nine subjects (10.2%) and two subjects (2.3%) had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > or = 3 and an RDI > or = 5, respectively, associated with self-reported sleepiness, giving a minimum estimated prevalence of SDB as 0.1% (RDI > or = 5) in the study population. There was no correlation between recorded snoring with either RDI or self-reported sleepiness. Questionnaire responses, neck circumference, and alcohol consumption did not predict the occurrence of SDB. CONCLUSION: Snoring was prevalent, while SDB was uncommon in this student population. However, snoring and self-reported symptoms by questionnaire were poor predictors for SDB. Male gender showed a trend as an independent predictor for snoring, but not for SDB.     

Witnessed breathing pauses during sleep: a study in middle-aged French males

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, the covariates and determinants of respiratory pauses during sleep in a sample of French middle-aged males. Study subjects were 850 active males, aged 22-66 years; 88.4% of them answered the question on breathing pauses during sleep from a structured, validated sleep questionnaire. Forty-one (=5.4%) subjects reported breathing pauses at least once a week; these "positive responders" were older, heavier and had larger neck- and waist girths as compared to subjects with negative answers. Loud habitual snoring, various sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, a doctor diagnosis of sleep apnoea, history of stroke and hypertension were significantly more frequent among subjects with breathing pauses during sleep. The prevalence found in this survey was close to that reported from the UK (5.2%). However, by logistic regression, we identified novel determinants of breathing pauses i.e. habitual snoring, loud snoring, and excessive sleepiness, factors well known in clinical setting, but never previously reported in epidemiologic studies.     

宁夏地区睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的流行问卷调查

目的了解宁夏地区睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的患病情况,为进一步制定该病的防控措施提供基线资料。方法采取多级整群分层抽样方法,2007年6月至2008年12月对宁夏地区银川市、石嘴山市、吴忠和泾源城乡20岁以上常住居民10 000人进行调查问卷,内容包括打鼾情况、日间嗜睡程度(ESS嗜睡量表),测量身高、体重、颈围、腹围等数据,初步得出宁夏地区SAHS的患病情况。结果有效问卷7804份(有效率91.64%),回族3914人(50.15%),汉族3890人(49.85%)。依据中、重度打鼾结合日间嗜睡(ESS≥9)为标准,初步保守估计宁夏地区20岁以上常住居民SAHS的患病率为3.31%,其中汉族SAHS的患病率为2.93%,回族为3.68%,两民族之间的患病率差异无统计学意义。城镇人群SAHS的患病率为4.23%,农村为2.80%,城镇和农村患病率差异有统计学意义,且随着体重指数的增加SAHS患病率明显增加。结论宁夏地区汉族SAHS的患病率为2.93%,回族SAHS的患病率为3.68%,且存在地区差异,表现为城镇人群SAHS的患病率明显高于农村。     

Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep in the Malaysian population

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of snoring and breathing pauses during sleep, and to assess associated factors, including morbidity and the impact on daytime functioning, in an adult Malaysian population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling adults aged 30-70 years was conducted. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Physical examinations were limited to measurements of body habitus and blood pressure. Results: The sample consisted of 1611 adults (52.9% male). The prevalence of habitual snoring, breathing pauses and excessive daytime sleepiness were 47.3%, 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively. Seven per cent of respondents (8.8% male, 5.1% female) were clinically suspected to have obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The independent predictors of habitual snoring were older age, Chinese or Indian ethnicity (compared with Malays), smoking, obesity and use of sedatives. Clinically suspected OSAS and habitual snoring were significantly associated with difficulty in getting up in the morning, morning headache, driving and workplace accidents, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of habitual snoring is high in the Malaysian population. Sleep-related breathing disorders in Malaysian adults are associated with significant morbidity.     

Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence, risk factors, and gender differences in symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnea. A secondary objective was to study gender differences in relation to referral to a sleep clinic for sleep investigations. DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire study in a representative sample of the general population. A second cohort included patients referred for sleep apnea investigation between 1991 and 2000 in the same geographic region. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of 5,424 subjects aged 20 to 69 years living in northern Sweden. Responses were obtained from 4,648 subjects (85.7%). RESULTS: Of the male respondents, 17.9% stated that snoring was a problem or said that they had relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea, and of the female respondents, 7.4%. The prevalence of snoring and witnessed apneas increased with age. In men, there was a peak prevalence rate at 55 to 59 years of age, while the corresponding figure in women the peak prevalence rate was at 60 to 64 years of age. Having snoring as a problem and relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea were independently associated with male gender, age, and current smoking. Snoring as a problem also was associated with higher education. Women who snored reported significantly more daytime sleepiness than did men who snored. The estimated number of subjects aged 20 to 69 years who had snoring as a problem or had relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea in the population was 21,160. During the previous decade, 3,955 subjects had been referred to sleep laboratories, so < 20% of the estimated number of symptomatic subjects in the population had been referred during this 10-year period. The referral rate ratio for men/women after correction for population and prevalence of symptoms was 1.25:1 (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Experiencing snoring as a problem or having relatives who are concerned about witnessed sleep apnea are common findings in the population. However, during the last decade, only about 20% of the subjects with snoring as a problem or with relatives who are concerned about witnessed sleep apnea were referred to sleep laboratories. Women were significantly underrepresented in sleep laboratory referrals, even though women who snored experienced more subjective daytime sleepiness than men.     

广西地区打鼾人群血压状况分析

目的了解广西地区打鼾的发生率、打鼾人群血压状况及打鼾与高血压的相关性。方法2003年1月至2005年3月对广西桂南、桂中、桂北14岁及以上人群进行打鼾的流行病学调查。采用集中填写问卷辅以入户问卷调查的方法收集资料，同时检测受调查者血压、身高、体重等身体参数。结果共抽样调查2862户，11163人，年龄14—99岁，平均年龄（39．6±17．5）岁。其中2940人打鼾，打鼾发生率为27．3％（2940／10758）。非打鼾人群平均收缩压为（122．7±21．7）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），舒张压为（75．7±13．2）mmHg，高血压患病率为19．9％（1566／7860）。打鼾人群平均收缩压为（128．2±30．9）mmHg，舒张压为（79．3±12．4）mmHg，高血压患病率为31．5％（931／2940）。随着年龄的增加，打鼾的发生率逐渐升高（趋势X^2=592．613，P=0．000），高血压的患病率也逐渐升高（趋势X^2=1868．277，P=0．000）。非习惯性打鼾者高血压患病率为27．6％，习惯性打鼾者高血压患病率37．4％。轻度打鼾者高血压患病率为27．5％，中度为31．1％，重度为37．4％，同时合并（被发现）有睡眠呼吸暂停者为44．1％。可能影响高血压的诸多因素的单因素分析及logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、民族、打鼾、体重指数、饮酒是高血压的危险因素。控制年龄、民族、体重指数、饮酒等因素后的偏相关分析结果显示，打鼾人群的打鼾程度与收缩压和舒张压均呈正相关。结论广西地区14岁及以上人群打鼾发生率为27．3％。打鼾人群收缩压与舒张压及高血压患病率明显高于非打鼾人群。高血压的患病率随打鼾程度的增加而增加。打鼾程度与收缩压和舒张压均呈正相关。打鼾是除年龄、体重指数、饮酒以外与高血压发生相关的危险因素。