记忆合金支架置入治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻34例

[目的]观察记忆合金支架治疗恶性肿瘤所致胃、十二指肠梗阻的置入技术及临床效果。[方法]对34例临床失去手术机会的重度幽门及十二指肠梗阻患者行内镜下及内镜结合X线下记忆合金支架置入治疗,术后观察疗效及随访。[结果]34例中32例1次放置成功,2例胰腺癌浸润、压迫十二指肠梗阻,行2次治疗成功;4例支架端侧肿瘤生长导致复发狭窄行2次置入治疗成功,术后常规应用止血药,抑酸药,促动力药,24 h后进流食,72 h后过渡到半流饮食,1周内腹胀呕吐消失率100%;随访生存期1~6个月13例,6~12个月15例,18个月6例。[结论]记忆合金支架置入是治疗胃、十二指肠恶性梗阻的主要姑息治疗方法之一,手术创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,患者术后生活质量明显提高,生存期延长。     

内镜结合X线下支架置入术治疗胃出口恶性梗阻38例临床分析

背景：胃出口恶性梗阻的姑息治疗方法较多，但效果不理想，近年支架置入术成为治疗胃出口恶性梗阻的首选方法之一。目的：评价支架置入术治疗胃出口恶性梗阻的疗效以及内镜结合X线操作的优点。方法：取38例胃出口恶性梗阻患者，行内镜检查后经活检孔置入导丝，X线监视下置入并释放自膨式金属肠道支架。结果：38例患者成功置入42枚支架，其中TTS（through the seope）肠道支架3枚。支架置入后内镜和透视造影检查示支架均定位准确、通畅。所有患者均存在少量出血，16例（42．1％）予局部喷洒孟氏液止血，效果良好。37例（97．4％）患者术后3d可进食无渣或少渣食物，1例（2．6％）因远端小肠狭窄仍有呕吐，不能进食。术后随访发现16例（42．1％）患者术后3个月胃出121再次狭窄，其中4例（25．0％）再置入支架解决。38例患者的生存期为1～11个月不等，平均5．5个月。无大出血、穿孔、支架移位等并发症。结论：自膨式金属肠道支架置入术可有效治疗胃出口恶性梗阻，具有简单、创伤小、符合生理腔道和患者易耐受的优点，且对恶性梗阻的姑息治疗疗效优于传统外科手术治疗。内镜结合X线操作具有提高置入成功率、缩短操作时间、支架定位准确以及减少患者痛苦和手术相关并发症的优点。     

经内镜置入金属支架治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床应用

目的经内镜置入金属内支架缓解不能手术的胃十二指肠恶性梗阻患者的症状。方法 31例胃十二指肠恶性梗阻患者均有反复恶心呕吐症状,且不能手术治疗。在透视监视下,使用介入放射学方法置入33个自膨胀式金属内支架。结果 31例患者支架置入均成功,随访期间患者均能进食,呕吐减轻,生活质量提高。无严重并发症发生。结论金属内支架置入是对胃十二指肠恶性梗阻一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的胃出口部狭窄和术后吻合口狭窄有很好的缓解作用。     

内镜下支架置入术和外科手术治疗十二指肠恶性狭窄的临床疗效

目的 评价X射线下经内镜放置钛镍记忆合金自膨式支架对十二指肠恶性狭窄的临床效果。方法 收集2012年1月至2021年4月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院消化内科住院并已发生周围病变浸润及肝或肺转移的十二指肠癌患者67例,其中29例自愿进行胃-空肠吻合姑息手术作为手术组,38例不愿手术行支架置入者为支架组,在X射线下经内镜放置钛镍记忆合金自膨式支架。观察支架组自膨式支架置入成功率,比较两组肠道梗阻改善情况、生活质量状况、生存时间、不良反应以及平均住院时间。结果 支架组的支架放置成功率为97.4%,其狭窄程度明显改善,患者生活质量提高,生存时间延长,与手术组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。支架组平均住院时间为5 d,手术组平均住院时间为12 d,支架组的不良反应明显少于手术组。结论 X射线下经内镜放置钛镍记忆合金自膨式支架能有效解决十二指肠恶性狭窄,具有创伤小、并发症少、简单、安全、费用低等优点。     

胆胰管良恶性梗阻的双支架联合引流

目的 探讨胆、胰管良恶性狭窄或梗阻时内镜双支架联合引流的操作技术及其临床疗效。方法 所有患者先行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影，了解胆、胰管狭窄或梗阻的部位、程度，并确定置入支架的外径及长度；然后胆、胰管分别置入导丝，并在导丝引导下按常规分别置入胆管和胰管引流支架。术后观察血清淀粉酶变化及黄疸、腹痛、腹泻等临床症状的改善情况。结果 14例胆、胰管并存狭窄或梗阻患者（壶腹癌5例、胰头癌4例、乳头部癌3例及胰头部慢性炎症2例）均一次操作成功，置入胆管塑料支架14根（12例1根，1例2根），置入金属支架1根；同时还置入胰管支架14根。术后2周、1个月及3个月黄疸消失率分别为50．0％、71．0％和93．0％，术后2周上腹痛缓解率为75．0％；7例腹泻患者，术后1个月5例症状消失，2例明显减轻。未发生与操作相关的早期并发症，术后3个月未发现支架移位及阻塞情况。结论 胆、胰管良恶性狭窄患者经内镜双支架联合引流是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法，既能解除黄疸，又能减压止痛，改善胰腺外分泌功能。     

超细内镜直视下记忆合金支架治疗胃出口和十二指肠恶性狭窄

目的评价超细内镜直视下置放记忆合金支架治疗胃出口和十二指肠恶性狭窄的操作技术及效果。方法9例恶性肿瘤(胃癌6例,肝癌、胆囊癌、胆管癌各1例)引起的胃出口或十二指肠狭窄的患者,直接在超细内镜直视下将记忆合金支架置入狭窄部位。结果9例患者全部获得成功,无出血穿孔等并发症出现。结论运用超细内镜直视下置放记忆合金支架治疗胃出口和十二指肠恶性狭窄,安全有效,方便简单,避免X线损伤,节省费用。     

镍钛记忆合金支架在治疗胆道恶性梗阻中的应用

胆道恶性梗阻常常是晚期胆管癌、胰头癌等恶性肿瘤引起患者死亡的直接原因,解除梗阻、进行有效的引流是延长患者生命的重要手段。我院自2 0 0 1年4月至2 0 0 2年1 2月使用镍钛记忆合金镀金支架置入治疗胆道恶性梗阻36例,取得较好的疗效。1 .临床资料:36例患者均在B超、CT及实验室检查基础上经ERCP进一步确诊为肿瘤引起胆道梗阻。其中男2 0例,女1 6例,年龄36岁～97岁,平均5 9 7岁。中下段胆管癌1 3例,肝门部胆管癌8例,十二指肠乳头癌7例,胰腺癌8例。2 .方法:36例均在PentaxEPM 330 0电子内镜下完成记忆合金网状支架(佳森医用支架器械有…     

胃出口、十二指肠和近端小肠恶性梗阻的内镜治疗

目的 探讨经内镜金属支架置入术治疗胃出口、十二指肠和近端小肠恶性梗阻的临床价值.方法 对1999年3月至2005年3月经内镜放置金属支架治疗的21例胃出口、十二指肠和近端小肠恶性梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 21例中20例放置支架成功,成功率为95.2%,其中4例采取经内镜钳道（TTS）方式释放支架,16例为经导丝直接释放支架.19例支架放置后1-3d梗阻症状得到缓解或消除,临床有效率为90.5%,平均生存期4.5个月.1例术后出血,予保守治疗而愈.1例术后1个月支架移位,1例术后2个月肿瘤向支架内浸润生长,导致梗阻复发,均予放置第2根支架后缓解.结论 经内镜放置金属支架治疗胃出口、十二指肠和近端小肠恶性梗阻是一种简单可行、安全有效的方法.     

两种国产可伸展型食管金属内支架的比较和选择

１９９３０５／１９９７０８运用镍钛记忆合金支架和带膜不锈钢支架共治疗食管良、恶性狭窄４６例，置入金属支架５０例／次，无出血、穿孔等严重并发症发生，治疗效果满意，现报告如下：１对象和方法１．１对象本组４６例患者中，男３４例，女１２例；年龄４岁～７６...     

无X线监视内镜下置入幽门支架治疗胃出口恶性梗阻36例

目的:评价无X线监视内镜下置入幽门支架治疗胃出口恶性梗阻的操作技术、临床疗效及并发症.方法:对2007-01/2009-12接受无X线监视内镜下幽门支架置入治疗的36例胃出口恶性梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:36例患者共置入39枚支架,其中3例患者为双支架.7例患者因病变狭窄程度高,先行内镜下球囊扩张,再行支...     

Covered expandable nitinol stents for malignant gastroduodenal obstructions

Background and Aim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness, safety, and outcome associated with the use of covered expandable Nitinol stents (Taewoong Medical, Seoul, Korea) for the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions.
Methods:  Between March 2001 and October 2004, covered expandable Nitinol stents were placed in 68 consecutive patients under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance for the following reasons: gastric carcinoma ( n  = 49), recurrent carcinoma after partial gastrectomy ( n  = 7), or another malignant neoplasm involving the duodenum ( n  = 12).
Results:  Technical success was achieved in 60 of the 68 patients (88.2%). After stent placement, mean dysphagia score improved from a mean of 3.5 to 1.2 ( P  < 0.001). The mean period of primary stent patency was 107.2 days. During follow up (mean 4.4 months; range, 1–15 months), major complications (migration [6], bleeding [3], perforation [1], ingrowth [1], overgrowth [7], fistula [1]) occurred in 19 patients (27.9%), and stent migration occurred in six (8.8%) (proximal migration into the stomach [ n  = 3], or distal migration [ n  = 3]). Recurrent dysphagia (mainly due to tumor ingrowth/overgrowth) occurred in eight patients (11.8%).
Conclusion:  Covered expandable Nitinol stents appear to offer an effective and feasible palliative therapy in patients with a malignant gastroduodenal obstruction.     

Comparison between uncovered and covered self-expandable metal stent placement in malignant duodenal obstruction

AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of uncovered and covered self-expandable metal stent placements in patients with malignant duodenal obstruction.METHODS:A total of 67 patients were retrospectivelyenrolled from January 2003 to June 2013.All patients had symptomatic obstruction characterized by nausea,vomiting,reduced oral intake,and weight loss.The exclusion criteria included asymptomatic duodenal obstruction,perforation or peritonitis,concomitant small bowel obstruction,or duodenal obstruction caused by benign strictures.The technical and clinical success rate,complication rate,and stent patency were compared according to the placement of uncovered(n = 38) or covered(n = 29) stents.RESULTS:The technical and clinical success rates did not differ between the uncovered and covered stent groups(100% vs 96.6% and 89.5% vs 82.8%).There were no differences in the overall complication rates between the uncovered and covered stent groups(31.6% vs 41.4%).However,stent migration occurred more frequently with covered than uncovered stents [20.7%(6/29) vs 0%(0/38),P < 0.05].Moreover,the overall cumulative median duration of stent patency was longer in uncovered than in covered stents [251 d(95%CI:149.8 d-352.2 d) vs 139 d(95%CI:45.5 d-232.5 d),P < 0.05 by log-rank test] The overall cumulative median survival period was not different between the uncovered stent(70 d) and covered stent groups(60 d).CONCLUSION:Uncovered stents may be preferable in malignant duodenal obstruction because of their greater resistance to stent migration and longer stent patency than covered stents.     

Clinical outcome of the use of enteral stents for palliation of patients with malignant upper GI obstruction

BACKGROUND: The endoscopically placed enteral stent has emerged as a reasonable alternative to palliative surgery for malignant intestinal obstruction. This is a report of our experience with the use of enteral stents for nonesophageal malignant upper GI obstruction. METHODS: Data on all patients who had undergone enteral stent placement were reviewed. Those with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were compared with another similar cohort of patients who underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy. RESULTS: Thirty-one procedures were performed on 29 patients (mean age 67.7 years). Thirteen (45%) were men and 16 (55%) women. The diagnoses were gastric (13.8%), duodenal (10.3%), pancreatic (41.4%), metastatic (27.6%), and other malignancies (6.9%). Malignant obstruction occurred at the pylorus (20.7%), first part of duodenum (37.9%), second part of duodenum (27.6%), third part of duodenum (3.5%), and anastomotic sites (10.3%). Twenty-nine (93.5%) procedures were successful and good clinical outcome was achieved in 25 (80.6%). Re-obstruction by tumor ingrowth occurred in 2 patients after a mean of 183 days. The median survival time for patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent enteral stent placement compared with those who underwent surgical gastrojejunostomy was 94 and 92 days, charges were $9921 and $28,173, and duration of hospitalization was 4 and 14 days, respectively (latter 2 differences with p value < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic enteral stent placement of nonesophageal malignant upper GI obstruction is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective procedure with good clinical outcome, lower charges, and shorter hospitalization period than the surgical alternative.     

Endoscopic management of unresectable malignant gastroduodenal obstruction with a nitinol uncovered metal stent: a prospective Japanese multicenter study

AIM: To determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic duodenal stent placement in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction.METHODS: This prospective, observational, multicenter study included 39 consecutive patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction. All patients underwent endoscopic placement of a nitinol, uncovered, selfexpandable metal stent. The primary outcome was clinical success at 2 wk after stent placement that was defined as improvement in the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System score relative to the baseline.RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all duodenal stent procedures. Procedure-related complications occurred in 4 patients(10.3%) in the form of mild pneumonitis. No other morbidities or mortalitieswere observed. The clinical success rate was 92.3%. The mean survival period after stent placement was 103 d. The mean period of stent patency was 149 d and the patency remained acceptable for the survival period. Stent dysfunction occurred in 3 patients(7.7%) on account of tumor growth.CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management using duodenal stents for patients with incurable malignant gastric outlet obstruction is safe and improved patients' quality of life.     

Nutritional Support in Pancreatitis

Background: Self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) have been widely used in inoperable malignant gastric outlet obstructions, but stent obstructions caused by tumor ingrowth and migration are a major problem of SEMS. The aims of this study were to assess the rate of stent restenosis, to identify lesion characteristics related to early restenosis by tumor ingrowth, and, in particular, to find suitable patient groups for uncovered or covered stents at first implantation. Methods: Forty‐nine patients were reviewed: stomach cancer in 34 patients, primary duodenal cancer in 3 patients, pancreatic cancer in 5 patients, and common bile duct cancer in 7 patients. In principle, uncovered stents were initially placed at the time when obstruction symptoms occurred and the endoscope would not pass through. Stent obstruction due to tumor ingrowth within 4 weeks after the first stent implantation was regarded as early stent restenosis. Results: Technical success was seen in 49/49 patients (100%). Migration did not occur. Stent obstructions caused by tumor overgrowth were found in 2/49 patients (4.1%) after 1 month. Stent obstructions caused by tumor ingrowth occurred in 14/49 patients (28.5%), and 7 of them (14.3%) were found to have early restenosis. The only statistically significant factor for early restenosis was stenosis site, and early restenosis was more frequent in the postoperative anastomosis site in the current study; a) 2/18 antropyloric obstructions (11.1%), b) 1/15 pyloric and duodenal bulb obstructions (6.7%), c) 0/10 duodenal second portion obstructions (0%), and d) 4/6 postoperative anastomosis site obstructions (66.7) (P?Conclusions: Uncovered stents are technically feasible and effective for most malignant gastric outlet obstructions. However, because of frequent early restenosis among patients with postoperative anastomosis site obstructions, the placement of covered or simultaneous dual stents to prevent early restenosis should be considered when stenting postoperative anastomosis site obstructions.     

Fracture of a Self-expandable Metallic Stent Inserted for Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Duodenal stenting has gradually been established as the first-line treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). We encountered a case of duodenal stent fracture in a 76-year-old woman with gastric cancer and GOO. She underwent self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement. The SEMS was found to be fractured 4 weeks after its placement. We removed the broken part of the stent and placed a second SEMS. SEMS fracture is a rare and - to the best of our knowledge - unreported complication; hence, clinicians and their patients should be aware of this possibility.     

胰腺癌合并胃出口及胆管梗阻的内镜治疗及疗效

目的探讨胰腺癌伴胃出13及胆管梗阻的内镜治疗策略及疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月沈阳军区总医院收治的106例晚期胰腺癌伴胃出口及胆管梗阻患者的一般临床资料、内镜治疗方法、术后并发症及疗效。结果106例患者中男性57例,女性49例,平均年龄（63±6）岁。共行134次内镜治疗,平均1．3次／人。共放置肠道支架112枚,胆管支架89枚,胰管支架55枚,其中肠道支架均为一次性放置成功。胆管、胰管及肠道3种支架同时放置者55例（51．9％）,胆管、肠道双支架同时放置23例（21．7％）,28例（26．4％）因内镜无法通过狭窄段而先放置肠道支架,再经肠道支架完成胆管支架置入。83例（78．3％）患者于支架置人术后9—14d恢复正常饮食。术后并发黑便9例,高淀粉酶血症6例,呕血1例,均经对症治疗后治愈;1例术后第3天支架经肛门排出。83例获得24周随访,死亡49例（59．0％）,平均生存期（128±33）d。随访期发生肠道支架堵塞6例,4例放置第2枚肠道支架,2例取出肠道支架后重新放置。结论多支架治疗胰腺癌伴胃出口及胆管梗阻是安全的,并发症发生率低,近期疗效确切,并能明显改善患者的生活质量。     

Treatment of gastric outlet and duodenal obstructions with uncovered expandable metal stents

AIM： To investigate and evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness of fluoroscopically guided peroral uncovered expandable metal stent placement to treat gastric outlet and duodenal obstructions.
METHODS： Fifteen consecutive patients underwent peroral placement of WallstentTM Enteral Endoprosthesis to treat gastric outlet and duodenal obstructions （14 malignant, 1 benign）. All procedures were completed under fluoroscopic guidance without endoscopic assistance. Follow-up was completed until the patients died or were lost, and the clinical outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS： The technique success rate was 100%, and the oral intake was maintained in 12 of 14 patients varying from 7 d to 270 d. Two patients remained unable to resume oral intake, although their s-tents were proven to be patent with the barium study. One patient with acute necrotizing pancreatitis underwent enteral stenting to treat intestinal obstruction, and nausea and vomiting disappeared. Ten patients died during the follow- up period, and their mean oral intake time was 50 d. No procedure-related complications occurred. Stent migration to the gastric antrum occurred in one patient 1 year after the procedure, a tumor grew at the proximal end of the stent in another patient 38 d post-stent insertion.
CONCLUSION： Fluoroscopically guided peroral metal stent implantation is a safe and effective method to treat malignant gastrointestinal obstructions, and complications can be ignored based on our short-term study. Indications for this procedure should be discreetly considered because a few patients may not benefit from gastrointestinal insertion, but some benign gastrointestinal obstructions can be treated using this procedure.     

Preliminary study of enteroscopy-guided, self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant small bowel obstruction

Background and Aims: Technical limitations of conventional endoscopes and delivery systems frequently hamper palliative endoscopic placement of self‐expandable metal stents for malignant small bowel obstruction. This study examined feasibility of the double balloon enteroscope‐guided withdrawal‐reinsertion method as a rescue procedure in patients with failed palliative stent placement for malignant small bowel obstruction. Methods: We enrolled 19 consecutive patients with small bowel obstruction due to metastatic gastric (n = 15) or colorectal cancer (n = 2), or primary small bowel carcinoma (n = 2), in whom previous attempts to place self‐expandable metal stents using conventional endoscopy had failed. Ten patients had undergone previous gastric surgery. After passing a guide‐wire using an enteroscope with or without the double‐balloon method, the enteroscope was withdrawn. A conventional endoscope was re‐inserted along the guide‐wire, and through‐the‐scope self‐expandable metal stent placement was performed. Results: Obstruction sites were efferent jejunal loop, proximal jejunum, and third duodenal portion. Technical success was achieved with 94.7% (18/19) of stents, and clinical success occurred with 84.2% (16/19) of patients. The gastric outlet obstruction score (pre‐procedure: 0.68 ± 0.58) increased by one week (2.05 ± 0.52, P < 0.001). Stent migration and restenosis occurred in two (10.5%) and four (21.1%) of 19 stents, respectively. Median stent patency duration was 67 days and median survival was 93 days; these did not differ significantly by palliative chemotherapy (P = 0.76 and 0.67, respectively). Conclusions: The double‐balloon enteroscopy‐guided method followed by conventional endoscopic self‐expandable metal stent delivery was effective for rescue palliation of malignant small bowel obstruction.