103例肝门部胆管癌的外科手术切除治疗

目的总结103例肝门部胆管癌采用手术切除治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析10年来行手术切除的肝门部胆管癌103例患者的临床资料和随访结果。结果本组行根治性（‰）切除43例,根治性切除率为41．7％,非根治性（R,,R2）切除60例（58．3％）,术后发生并发症34例,手术死亡8例。根治性切除组中位生存期29．9个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为69．6％、42．0％、20．9％,明显优于非根治性切除组34．1％、10．2％、0（P＜0．05）。本组近5年术前减黄治疗42例,合并肝切除达53．8％,根治性切除率达45．7％,中位生存期24．7个月,疗效明显提高（P＜0．05）。结论肝门部胆管癌作根治性手术切除能更好延长患者生存期,使手术治疗获得良好的疗效。随着近年来加强围手术期处理、术中行切缘冰冻病理检查、联合肝切除等提高了肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率。     

肝叶切除术在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用

目的探讨肝叶切除术在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析了１９９１年１月～１９９５年１２月间收治的５２例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果５２例中手术切除１７例,切除率３２７％,手术死亡率为５９％。切除组中１４例兼行不同范围的肝叶切除,其中８例为治愈性切除,治愈性切除组与姑息性切除组平均生存期为２１１个月和７５个月（Ｐ＜０．０５）。切除组与引流组疗效有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论联合肝叶切除术可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈性切除率,改善术后病人的预后。     

肝门部胆管癌的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法和外科治疗。方法回顾性分析106例肝门部胆管癌患者临床资料。根治性切除术33例,姑息性切除27例,内和外引流46例。结果应用核磁共振胰胆管成像对肝门部胆管的定位及定性诊断准确率达到98％。手术病死率9．4％,各组间无显著差异;手术切除率52％,其中根治性切除率34％;内引流率33％;外引流15％。根治性切除、姑息性切除、内引流和外引流组术后中位生存时间（月）30、17、13、2．9。结论应用磁共振胰胆管成像对肝门部胆管癌的定位及定性诊断率高。根治性切除是影响肝门部胆管癌患者疗效的主要因素,对无法行根治性切除者以内引流为首选治疗方法,能提高患者术后生活质量,延长生存期。     

对肝门部胆管癌根治切除手术方式的改进体会

肝门部胆管癌由于发病隐蔽,解剖部位深在,毗邻关系复杂,胆道高位梗阻所致的严重肝功能损害,使原本艰难的手术其围手术期的风险更加大。至今肝门部胆管癌的手术方式仍未成熟或规范化,并术后并发症高,生存质量差,远期效果不理想。我院肝胆外科自１９８６年１月至１９９９年１月的１３年间共行手术探查的肝门部胆管癌病人１５７例。其中男性１０４例,女性５３例,行手术切除者１０６例,未切除及胆道引流手术者５１例,总手术切除率为６７．５％（１０６／１５７）。但经病理学诊断证实切缘无残癌的根治性切除者为５９例,占切除者的５…     

手术切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析本院9年因肝门部胆管癌行手术切除的83例病人的临床资料和随访结果.结果 83例手术切除病人中行根治性切除（R0）31例,非根治切除52例（R1,R2）,术后出现并发症29例,死亡5例.根治性切除组中位生存期21.5个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为79.6%,43.3%和25.9%,明显优于非根治性切除组（P＜0.05），近5年本院根治性切除率达44.8%,中位生存期18.7个月,疗效明显提高（P＜0.05），结论 加强围手术期处理、术中行切缘冰冻病理检查、联合肝切除等可提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率、减少并发症和死亡率;根治性切除可更好延长病人生存期,使手术治疗肝门部胆管癌获得良好的疗效.     

肝门部胆管癌165例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌的诊断及外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析1972-2001年收治的肝门部胆管癌165例的临床资料.结果 根据不同时期的发病例数、手术切除率不同,分为前15年第一阶段及后15年的第二阶段.首发症状为上腹不适或闷痛、胀痛、乏力、食欲减退及进行性黄疸.B超、CT、MRI和MRCP是无损伤诊断的首选方法;若显示肝内胆管扩张或诊断肝外梗阻性黄疸,则应行PTC（27例）、MRCP（15例）或ERCP（78例）.本组手术切除73例,切除率44.2%,其中根治性切除38例;非根治性切除35例.第一阶段切除15例,切除率27.3%;第二阶段切除58例,切除率52.7%.本组54例得到随访,其中根治性切除术5年生存率39.5%,非根治性切除术为14.3%;未切除的62例得到随访,均于1～1.5年死亡.结论 一旦诊断为肝门部胆管癌,就应积极剖腹探查,不要延误切除时机.手术切除是治疗肝门部胆管癌的最有效的治疗方法.     

肝门部胆管癌103例外科治疗远期疗效的评析

作者回顾总结了１９８６年１月～１９９６年１月十年间行手术治疗的１０３例肝门部胆管癌的临床特征、手术方式和远期生存率等。１０３例肝门胆管癌行手术切除者６６例,非切除者行胆管内外引流者３７例,总手术切除率为６４．１％。手术死亡率２．９％。手术切除组中行根治性切除者３６例,姑息性切除者３０例。根治性切除者１、３、５年的生存率分别为：９６．７％、２３．３％和１３．３％,最长生存者至今已达８年。而姑息性切除者３年生存率仅为３．８％,无５年生存者。作者提出新的肝门部胆管癌的临床分型法。发现肝门部胆管癌的组织类型及分化程度,与肿瘤浸润及转移特征密切相关,分化程度越差其预后亦越差。     

肝门部胆管癌根治性切除的抉择与手术方式改进—157例手术病例总结及随诊分析

目的 评估肝门部胆管癌根治性切除的手术方法,改进和提高手术治疗水平。方法 对157例肝门部胆管癌进行回顾性总结与分析。男104例,女53例,平均年龄51.4岁（17－75岁）。结果 总手术切除率67.5%(106/157),根治性切除率37.6%(59/157)。根治性切除组与姑息性切除组的1、3、5年生存率分别为96.7%、23.3%、13.4%;61.5%、3.8%、0％。结论 术中病理诊断是选择根治性切除术的重要参考指标之一,改进术式为：①先自肝门部横切开近端肝胆管;②联合肝固有动脉切除的门静脉骨骼化;③肝胆管空肠吻合后不放置内支撑引流管等。     

肝门部胆管癌根治性切除中围肝门区手术处理

目的探讨围肝门区手术处理手段在肝门部胆管癌外科治疗中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月-2007年12月诊治的86例肝门部胆管癌病人的临床资料。其中,实施单纯内引流术38例,姑息性切除术11例,采取联合尾状叶切除、受侵门静脉肝动脉切除重建、肝内胆管断端整形、肝门区淋巴结清扫等技术完成根治性切除37例。结果肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率由2002年的33．3％,提高到2007年的75．0％。无围手术期死亡发生。结论联合采用尾状叶切除、肝门部胆管断端整形、受侵门静脉切除重建及肝门区淋巴清扫等围肝门区处理手段可提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率,降低手术并发症的发生率。     

肝门部胆管癌192例外科治疗及疗效分析

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法和外科治疗的疗效。方法 对１９８４年至１９９９年收治的１９２例肝门部胆管癌的临床特点,诊断,手术方式和随访结果进行回顾分析。结果 本组ＭＲＣＰ对肝门部肿物显示率１００％（４４／４４）。１５３例行手术治疗,其中探查术１０例,内、外引流术８８例,均于术后３－１５个月死亡。切除术５３例,全肝切除原位肝移植术２例。手术切除率为３６.０％（５５／１５３）,行根治性切除３８例,中位生存期为３１个月,姑息性切除１７例,中位生存期为１３个月。结论 ＭＲＣＰ可以确定肝门部胆管癌病变部位及范围。术中胆道切断端应行冰冻病理检查。经根治切除术可显著延长患者生存期和改善生存质量。对于ＢismuthⅢ型、Ⅳ型无肝外转移者,行全肝切除、肝移植术不失为一种有效的治疗方法。     

肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的总结肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌中应用的临床经验。方法回顾分析1998年至2003年收治118例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果118例中66例实施了姑息性治疗;52例实施根治性切除手术,其中联合肝切除者47例,肝切除中11例实施了联合门静脉切除和重建。行肝切除者术后并发症发生率为22．9％,合并门静脉切除者为27．3％;1、3年的存活率仅行肝切除者和合并门静脉切除者分别为85．7％、31．4％和81．8％、27．8％,2组差异无统计学意义。姑息治疗组仅5例存活超过3年（7．58％）,无5年生存者。结论门静脉浸润不是肝门部胆管癌手术的禁忌证,肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建提高其治愈切除率,改善术后患者的预后。     

Combined vascular resection in operative resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: does it work or not?

BACKGROUND: It is still not clear how combined vascular resection affects the outcome of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate implications of combined vascular resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma by analyzing the outcomes of all patients who underwent operative resection. METHODS: A total of 161 of 228 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent bile duct resection with various types of hepatectomy (88%) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (4%). Combined vascular resection was carried out in 43 patients. Thirty-four patients had portal vein resection alone, 7 patients had both portal vein and hepatic artery resection, and 2 patients had right hepatic artery resection only. The outcomes were compared between the 3 groups: the portal vein resection alone (34), hepatic artery resection (9), and non-vascular resection (118). RESULTS: Histologically-positive tumor invasion to the portal vein beyond the adventitia was present in 80% of 44 patients undergoing combined portal vein resection. Operative mortality occurred in 11 (7%) patients. The survival rates of the non-vascular resection group were better than that of the portal vein resection alone and the hepatic artery resection groups: 1, 3, and 5 years after curative resection, 72%, 52%, and 41% versus 47%, 31%, and 25% (P < .05), and 17%, 0%, and 0% (P < .0001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed 4 independent prognostic factors of adverse effect on survival after operation; operative curability, lymph node metastases, portal vein resection, and hepatic artery resection. CONCLUSIONS: Although both portal vein and hepatic artery resection are independent poor prognostic factors after curative operative resection of locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma, portal vein resection is acceptable from an operative risk perspective and might improve the prognosis in the selected patients, however, combined hepatic artery resection can not be justified.     

Aggressive preoperative management and extended surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Nagoya experience

From 1977 to 1997, surgical resection was possible in 142 (80%) of 177 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after relieving jaundice by single or multiple percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage followed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and/or percutaneous trans-hepatic portal vein embolization. Curative resection was possible in 108 (61%) of the 142 patients, and 100 of these patients underwent various types of hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy for a 30-day operative mortality rate of 6% and 9% hospital mortality. Combined portal vein resection was carried out in 43 cases including 41 hepatectomies and 2 bile duct resections. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 16 patients. Cancer recurrence was observed in 58 of the 108 patients undergoing curative resection. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for 100 patients undergoing curative hepatectomy and 8 with curative bile duct resection were 43%, 26%, and 19%; and 31%, 16%, and 0%, respectively; those for 40 patients with positive lymph node metastasis, 84 with perineural invasion, and 43 with combined portal vein resection were 27%, 14%, and 7%; 34%, 21%, and 13%; and 18%, 6%, and 0%, respectively. These survival rates are significantly better than those for 35 patients with unresectable cancer. Curative resection after aggressive preoperative management is recommended as a reasonable surgical approach to hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Received for publication on Aug. 23, 1999; accepted on Nov. 29, 1999     

肝外胆管癌87例临床治疗分析

目的:分析不同部位肝外胆管癌的临床特点、手术治疗效果及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2004年5月—2014年4月收治的87例肝外胆管癌患者资料。结果:87例患者中,肝门胆管癌58例,胆总管下端癌29例,患者均以黄疸为主要表现;56例行根治性手术切除,包括肝门胆管癌33例(56.9%,33/58),胆总管下端癌23例(79.3%,23/29),其余患者行姑息性减黄治疗或未予治疗。肝门胆管癌患者根治术后1、2、3年生存率分别为62.2%、35.1%、27.0%;AJCC分期和淋巴转移是总生存期的独立影响因素,而AJCC分期、淋巴转移、肝脏侵犯是无瘤生存期的独立影响因素(均P0.05)。胆总管下端癌患者术后1、2、3年存活率分别为91.6%、54.2%、37.5%;影响总生存期和无瘤生存期的独立危险因素均为AJCC分期(均P0.05)。肝门胆管癌与胆总管下端癌患者间,全部患者的总生存期、根治术后患者中位生存期与无瘤生存期及非根治术治疗后患者的中位生存期均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:对于不同位置的肝外胆管癌,根治性切除均是有效治疗方式,AJCC分期系统可有效评估预后。     

半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 探讨半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效.方法 本组10例患者分属Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌,施行右半肝切除+胰十二指肠切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建1例;右半肝切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建5例;左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建+肝动脉切除1例及左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建3例.结果 10例Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌患者行半肝切除联合血管切除重建根治联合性手术,无术后死亡.10例患者术后均获随访,1、2、3年生存率分别为50%、30%、20%.结论 采用半肝切除血管切除重建能提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率.     

联合门静脉切除的肝门部胆管癌根治切除术

目的观察联合门静脉切除在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用，以进一步提高肝门胆管癌的治疗效果。方法总结1990年3月至2002年3月我院收治的78例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果本组联合门静脉切除12例，其中门静脉分又部联合左半肝切除3例，门静脉主干切除6例，门静脉侧壁切除修补术3例；术后肝肠吻合13漏、肝功能衰竭死亡1例；其余11例病人术后随访6个月至6年，平均19个月，其中最长的1例已存活6年。结论联合门静脉切除可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后。     

Portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains a difficult challenge for the surgeon. Achieving negative surgical margins when resecting this relatively uncommon tumor is technically demanding as a result of the close proximity of the bile duct bifurcation to the vascular inflow of the liver. A recent advance in surgical treatment is the addition of portal vein resection to the procedure. Resection of the portal vein increases the number of patients offered a potentially curative approach but is technically more difficult and may increase the risk of the procedure. This study reviews the results of portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Between 1998 and 2005, 60 patients underwent potentially curative resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Mean patient age was 64 +/- 12 years (range, 24-85 years). Liver resections performed along with biliary resection included 49 trisegmentectomies (37 right, 12 left) and 10 lobectomies (8 left, 2 right). One patient had only the bile duct resected. Four patients also had simultaneous pancreaticoduodenectomy performed. Twenty-six patients required portal vein resection and reconstruction to achieve negative margins, 3 of which also required reconstruction of the hepatic artery. Operative mortality was 8 per cent with an overall complication rate of 40 per cent. Patients who underwent portal vein resection had an operative mortality of 4 per cent, which was not different from the 12 per cent mortality in patients who did not undergo portal vein resection (P = 0.39). There was no difference in actuarial patient survival between patients who underwent portal vein resection and those who did not (5-year survival 39 per cent vs. 41 per cent, P = not significant). Negative margins were achieved in 80 per cent of cases and were associated with improved survival (P < 0.01). Five-year actuarial survival in patients undergoing resection with negative margins was 45 per cent. There was no difference in margin status or long-term survival between those patients who underwent portal vein resection and those who did not. Only negative margin status was associated with improved survival by multivariate analysis. Portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe and allows a chance for long-term survival in otherwise unresectable patients.     

肝门部胆管癌根治术中的门静脉切除与重建的体会

目的探索门静脉切除与重建在肝门部胆管癌扩大根治术中的价值。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年12月收治的在行根治性手术同时,行联合门静脉切除重建和/或肝切除的扩大根治术的肝门部胆管癌10例的临床资料。结果全组获R0切除6例,R1切除4例。行门静脉壁部分切除修补4例中,术后病理检查未提示门静脉壁肿瘤侵犯2例。行门静脉主干切除重建6例中,联合肝叶切除术者4例,联合肝动脉切除重建病例2例。术后发生胆漏3例,出现肝动脉血栓形成1例,无门静脉血栓形成或吻合口狭窄,无术后肝功能衰竭和消化道出血。本组无围手术期死亡病例,平均住院时间(32.5±15.7)d。本组2003年至2008年完成手术的6例中,存活超过1年者4例,超过3年者2例,尚无存活5年者。2009年完成的4例中,3例尚存活。结论肝门部胆管癌联合肝叶切除和门静脉切除与重建的扩大根治术并不增加围手术期死亡率和并发症发生率。     

54例肝门部胆管癌手术切除技术体会

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗中提高根治切除率和减少并发症发生率的经验。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2004年12月手术切除肝门部胆管癌病例的临床资料及随访结果。结果 本组共54例患者切除肝门部胆管癌,切除率63．5％（54／85）。其中合并肝切除14例;合并胰头十二指肠切除3例;合并门静脉壁部分切除2例;合并肝固有动脉切除2例,重建1例。根治手术为30例。手术根治切除率由27．0％（2001年以前）提高到41．7％（2001年后）,严重并发症如肝功能衰竭、感染的发生率以及围术期死亡率均得以良好控制。总体1、2、3年生存率为67．4％、28．1％和13．5％,根治手术1、2、3年生存率分别为86．5％、36．4％和23．7％,姑息切除1、2年生存率分别为41．2％和17．6％。结论 提高肝门部胆管癌的手术技巧能够显著改善根治切除率,降低严重并发症发生率。     

Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗(附35例分析)

目的总结Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的手术经验。方法回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2006年12月,行手术切除的35例Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。Ⅲa型16例,行肝门部胆管切除8例,行联合右半肝＋右侧尾状叶切除7例,行联合右半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干左支吻合1例。Ⅲb型19例,行肝门部胆管切除8例,行联合左半肝＋左侧尾状叶切除9例,行联合左半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合1例．行联合左半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合、肝固有动脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合1例。结果本组32例获得随访,随访时间18～113个月。肝门部胆管切除病例术后病理根治性切除率为37．5％,联合肝叶切除病例术后病理根治性切除率73．7％,3例联合肝叶切除＋血管切除病例均获术后病理根治性切除。肝门部胆管切除术后并发症发生率为31．3％,联合肝叶切除组术后并发症发生率为31．6％。3例联合肝叶切除＋血管切除病例术后均无胆肠吻合口漏、肝断面坏死、胆漏等严重并发症。结论联合肝叶切除,必要时行受累分叉部血管切除重建,有益于提高Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率,且不增加术后并发症的发生率。