重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌？…

目的：观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）的疗效和安全性。方法：选择１４例ＡＭＩ患者应用ｒｔ－ＰＡ静脉溶栓治疗。观察临床太，心电图、心肌酶谱的变化，判断冠状动脉再经。结果；根据冠脉再通标准判断，１４例ＡＭＩ患者，冠脉再通１０例，再通率７１．４３％，其中１０例发病６ｈ以内栓再通８例，再通率８０％，４例发病６～２４ｈ溶栓再通２例，再通率５０％，两者相比有显著差异     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓改良方案治疗急性心梗疗效观察

用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ＲｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔＴｉｓｓｕｅＴｙｐｅＰｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎＡｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ，ｒｔ－ＰＡ）改良方案（ｒｔ－ＰＡ１０ｍｇ在两分钟内静注，接住在４５分钟内以０．８８ｍｇ／ｍｉｎ速率滴注４０ｍｇ，滴完前５分钟作心电图，心肌酶检查，判定心肌再灌注，若心肌未获再灌注，冠脉未再通，则继续给予ｒｔ－ＰＡ以同样速率０．８８ｍｇ／ｍｉｎ滴注５０ｍｇ总剂量不超过１００ｍｇ，根据非介入性临床指标判断，心肌再灌注率９１．４％，未见严重出血并发症及住院期冠脉再堵塞，２３例ｒｔ－ＰＡ用量５０ｍｇ及９例用量１００ｍｇ获心肌再灌注，结果显示：改良方案可提高心肌再灌注率及降低费用，并且不增加出血并发症及住院期内冠脉再堵塞。     

不同溶栓药物静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞的比较观察

对９０例发病１２小时以内的ＡＭＩ患者，分别给予ＵＫ、ＳＫ、ｒｔ－ＰＡ进行溶栓治疗，并辅以肝素、阿司匹林治疗。结果表明，ＵＫ组、ＳＫ组及ｒｔ－ＰＡ组的临床血管再通率分别为６７．５％、７３．３％、８５％。并发重度出血率ｒｔ－ＰＡ组为１５％，而另两组为０。     

小剂量rt-PA加速静脉溶栓治疗AMI疗效观察

本文旨在探讨小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(ｒｔ-ＰＡ)加速静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)的疗效。传统方案是ｒｔ-ＰＡ 3ｈ静脉给药 10 0ｍｇ ,即首次给予 10ｍｇ冲击量 ,第 1ｈ静脉输注 5 0ｍｇ ,第 2ｈ输注 2 0ｍｇ ,第 3ｈ输注2 0ｍｇ。此方法确定显示了较高的冠脉再通率 ,但由于价格昂贵 ,临床应用受到一定限制。结合国情 ,我们采用目前国内推荐的小剂量ｒｔ -ＰＡ 5 0ｍｇ加速静脉溶栓治疗ＡＭＩ,即10ｍｇ静脉注射 ,余 40ｍｇ30ｍｉｎ静脉滴注完毕。研究对象为 1997- 12～ 1999- 12我科住院病人 38例 ,男性 2 7例 ,女性 11例 ,…     

国人小剂量重组织织型纤溶酶原激活剂与尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗塞随机对照研

目的 评价重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）５０ｍｇ对国人急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性，并与国产尿激酶（ＵＫ）常用剂量的疗效进行对比。方法 该研究系在１７所医院进行的开放、多中心随机理平行对照试验。在５５例患作为ｒｔ－ＰＡ５０ｍｇ预试验完成后，研究继续进行，其人选合格患３２４例。符合条件的患随机分为ｒｔ－ＰＡ与ＵＫ两组：前后ｒｔ－ＰＡ给予８ｍｇ静脉注射，继之４２ｍｇ在９０     

早期静脉溶栓治疗对老年人急性心肌梗塞近期预后的影响

为探讨静脉溶栓治疗对老年（６０岁以上）急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者近期预后的影响。方法对比分析２０例尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗与３８例非溶栓治疗的老年人ＡＭＩ患者住院期间临床疗效。结果显示溶栓组住院期间４周内病死率明显低于非溶栓组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且心绞痛、心力衰竭及严重心律失常、泵衰竭的发生率明显低于非溶栓组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。临床判断梗塞相关血管（ＩＲＡ）再通率为７５．０％（１５／２０）,０～６小时ＩＲＡ再通率为８３．３％（１０／１２）,６～１２小时为６２．５％（５／８）,溶栓组无一例发生颅内出血及过敏反应。结论　提示用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗老年ＡＭＩ为一种安全有效的方法,ＡＭＩ后梗塞相关血管及时有效再灌注有利于改善心肌梗塞的近期预后。     

rt-PA静脉加速给药法治疗老年急性心肌梗死疗效观察

重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(ｒｔ ＰＡ)是纤维蛋白特异性溶栓剂 ,早期血管再通可降低急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)的病死率 ,并改善患者心功能 ,提高生活质量。发病时间 6ｈ内者 ,一般传统 3ｈ给药法冠脉再通率 6 0 %～ 70 % ,近有报道ｒｔ ＰＡ加速给药方案可使冠脉再通率提高在80 %以上。我院应用德国ＢｏｅｈｒｉｎｇｅｒＬｎ ｇｅｌｈｅｉｎ公司产的ｒｔ ＰＡ(商品名栓体舒 )溶栓治疗 14例老年ＡＭＩ患者 ,采用静脉加速给药方案 ,观察其疗效及安全性 ,现报道如下。1　对象和方法1.1　病例选择　发病时间 2 4ｈ内 ;年龄≥ 6 5岁 ,原则上不…     

溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗塞患者的利弊分析

将１０６例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者分为两组,≥７０岁组３１例,＜７０岁组７５例,均在发病６小时内接受尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗。结果：≥７０岁组与＜７０岁组比较,血管再通率分别为６７．７％及７０．６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）,４周病死率分别为６．５％及５．３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）,左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）分别为０．４９±０．１２及０．５１±０．１４（Ｐ＞０．０５）,出血并发症分别为４５．１％及２０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血管再通者与血管未通者比较,病死率分别为２．７％及１２．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＬＶＥＦ分别为０．５６±０．１４及０．４４±０．１１（Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此认为,溶栓治疗ＡＭＩ的疗效与年龄无关,而与血管是否再通密切相关。老年ＡＭＩ患者行溶栓治疗虽出血等并发症高,但其利大于弊。     

血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度对急性心肌梗塞溶栓疗效的判定价值探讨

目的观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者接受静脉溶栓治疗时,血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（ｃＴｎⅠ）浓度变化,探讨其对溶栓疗效的判定价值。方法选择ＡＭＩ患者５３例,２６例接受溶栓治疗。采用ＯＰＵＳ自动生化分析仪,以ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定ｃＴｎⅠ浓度。结果显示：（１）从发病到达ｃＴｎⅠ峰值时间,２２例溶栓再通组（１５．７±３．９小时）比４例溶栓未通组（２２．０±２．３１小时）及２７例未溶栓组（２６．２±１１．１小时）均明显提前（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）血清ｃＴｎⅠ峰值水平在溶栓再通组（３２８．０±２４５．２μｇ／Ｌ）比溶栓未通组（１７０．５±５０．２μｇ／Ｌ）及未溶栓组（１３０．７３±１００．０３μｇ／Ｌ）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）以ｃＴｎⅠ峰值到达时间≤１８小时判定ＡＭＩ后溶栓再通,其敏感性、准确性（分别为７２．７％和７３．１％）,均高于ＣＫ－ＭＢ≤１４小时（分别为６３．６％和６５．４％）,特异性二者相同（均为７５％）。结论血清ｃＴｎⅠ水平,在ＡＭＩ溶栓再通患者中峰值时间前移,其≤１８小时对ＡＭＩ溶栓再通具有一定的判定价值。     

急性心肌梗死组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓疗效与内源性纤溶功能的关系

目的：研究急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗后梗死相关动脉早期再通与内源性纤溶功能之间的关系。方法：５２例急性心肌梗死患者在症状出现６小时内，静脉注射４０～６０ｍＵ双链基因重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）；并测定溶栓治疗前血中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）抗原，Ｄ－二聚体，组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）抗原，纤溶酶原—抗纤溶酶原复合物（ＰＩＣ），脂蛋白（ａ）浓度；并于溶栓治疗开始９０分钟内进行冠状动脉造影。结果：根据心肌梗死溶栓试验（ＴＩＭＩ）分级标准分为：再通组（ｎ＝３０）有梗死相关动脉再通（５８％），未通组（ｎ＝２２）无梗死相关动脉再通（４２％）。再通组内源性ｔ－ＰＡ浓度高于未通组，Ｄ－二聚体、纤溶酶原—抗纤溶酶原复合物、ＰＡＩ、脂蛋白（ａ）均无明显差异。结论：内源性ｔ－ＰＡ浓度与急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗再通有密切关系。     

不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效评价

目的比较50rag和100mg重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt—PA）溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死疗效的差别。方法入选78例急性心肌梗死患者,其中50mg组35例,100mg组43例。两组患者都常规应用阿司匹林和肝素等药物,分别静脉注射重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt—PA）50mg和100mg。比较两组患者溶栓后的冠状动脉开通率（根据临床判定）,发病30d左室射血分数和死亡率。结果冠状动脉开通率50mg组为77．1％（27例）,100mg组为81．4％（35例）;30d左室射血分数分别为（48．7±7．2）％,（50．0±7．6）％;30d病死率分别为5．7％（2例）,4．7％（2例）,两组间比较均无统计学意义。结论100mg和50mg重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt—PA）对于国人急性心肌梗死的溶栓疗效相似。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死23例临床分析

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue—type plasminogen activator,rt—PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效,探讨溶栓时间窗。方法23例心肌梗死患应用rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗,通过观察临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱的变化,判断冠状动脉再通率,并观察出血的发生率及严重程度。结果23例患溶栓后冠状动脉再通17例,其中,发病6小时内13例溶栓冠状动脉再通11例,发病6～12小时内10例溶栓冠状动脉再通6例;1例再通24小时发生再梗死;2例出现牙龈出血;1例出现皮下出血。结论rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗心肌梗死在发病6小时内应用疗效显,发病6～12小时应用仍然有效。     

Early reperfusion assessment and repeated thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction estimated by repeated standard electrocardiography. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (SK) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) does not result in early reperfusion in approximately 25% of patients. We hypothesized that early repeated thrombolysis with rt-PA in patients with early failed reperfusion would result in myocardial reperfusion. Fifty-nine AMI patients with a symptom delay of <6 h, treated with SK were included. ECG was taken on admission and after 90 and 180 min. An ST recovery of > or =25% at 90 min was interpreted as successful reperfusion. Sixteen patients had failed reperfusion at 90 min and were randomized to repeated thrombolysis with rt-PA or placebo. At 180 min from SK start, ST recovery was higher in the placebo group than in the rt-PA group (71 vs. 40%, p = 0.05). No serious bleeding complications were observed. Due to the limited sample size it was not possible to draw prominent conclusions.     

rt-PA治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效

目的：探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者应用瑞替普酶（rt-PA）静脉内溶栓的临床效果。方法：94例STEMI患者给予rt-PA静脉内溶栓,分析其溶栓再通率、再灌注心律失常情况、不良反应发生率和急性期病死率。结果：应用rt-PA静脉内溶栓的患者再通率88．3％;牙龈出血、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生率9．5％,无严重的出血并发症（如脑出血、消化道大出血等）;室性早搏等再灌注心律失常发生率73．4％。结论：应用rt-PA静脉内溶栓治疗AMI,再通率较高,出血并发症少。     

Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a report from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial

The efficacy and safety of a 3 hr, 80 mg intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were investigated in 47 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography, performed before the administration of rt-PA and for 90 min thereafter, demonstrated that 37 patients had total coronary occlusion before therapy. After 90 min of rt-PA (50 mg), reperfusion of the infarct-related artery was observed in 25 patients (68%). Continuous infusions of heparin for anticoagulation were administered for 8 to 10 days. Of 36 patients who underwent follow-up coronary cineangiography, 21 had initially presented with total occlusion and had experienced reperfusion at 90 min. Sustained perfusion of the infarct-related artery was observed in 14 (67%) of these 21 initially reperfused patients. Late angiography was performed in nine patients who initially demonstrated subtotal occlusion of the infarct-related artery; sustained perfusion was observed in eight (89%). Significant bleeding was observed in 15 patients (32%). A hematoma at the site of the acute catheterization accounted for most instances of significant bleeding (11/15, 73%). Administration of rt-PA resulted in a significant decline in fibrinogen and plasminogen while amounts of fibrin(ogen) degradation products rose. In no patient, however, did fibrinogen levels decline to less than 140 mg/dl. Thus, rt-PA, administered as a brief 80 mg intravenous infusion, is capable of restoring blood flow in a high proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction due to total coronary obstruction. Declines in plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen are observed. If combined with heparin anticoagulation and invasive vascular procedures, significant bleeding is a common complication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of clinical criteria of coronary artery recanalization in acute myocardial infarction

Clinical features of recanalization of infarct-related coronary artery during thrombolytic therapy or emergency PTCA and their correlation with immediate coronary angiography were analysed in 23 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to evaluate the predictive value of clinical criteria of reperfusion. The coronary angiography was performed before treatment and every 15 to 30 minutes during intravenous (rt-PA) or intracoronary (UK or SK) thrombolysis. Reperfusion was achieved in 16 cases by thrombolysis and in 4 cases by PTCA. The results revealed that in patients with reperfusion chest pain was relieved rapidly at least 70% in a period of 30 minutes, the ST segments fell by 50% or more from their elevated levels during a period of 30 minutes. Transient "paradoxical" increase of ST segment elevation followed by rapid falling was observed in 4 patients. This phenomenon was considered as a reliable marker of reperfusion. The changes in cardiac rhythm and conduction were noticed in 90% of the patients with reperfusion, among them accelerated idioventricular rhythm and disappearance of new-onset AVB and intraventricular conduction defects were useful bedside evidences of reperfusion, and transient significant sinus bradycardia or AVB with or without transient hypotension were useful markers of reperfusion in inferior myocardial infarction. When these clinical criteria were separately used as predictor of infarct-related coronary artery recanalization, the specificity was about 70% to 80%. Using the presence of all 3 criteria, the specificity and predictive value increased to 100% and the sensitivity was 70.6%. The time interval between onset of symptoms and peak CK and CK-MB were significantly shorter in patients with reperfusion than in those without persistent reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

院前、院内小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 :评价静脉小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)院前救治急性心肌梗死的临床疗效 ,及其安全性和可行性。　　方法 :所有确诊为急性心肌梗死的患者 ,院前给予小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓治疗 (院前组 ,n =60 ) ,与院内应用小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓的患者 (院内组 ,n =5 7)进行比较 ,观察发病—溶栓时间延迟对rt PA静脉溶栓疗效的影响。　　结果 :院前组的冠状动脉总再通率为 91 7% ,明显高于院内组的 80 7% (P <0 0 5 ) ;病死率两组相比无显著性差异 (3 3 %vs 3 5 % ,P >0 0 5 ) ;两组患者均无需要输血的严重出血并发症 ;两组轻度出血的发生率 ,分别占病例总数的3 3 %和 3 5 % ,无显著性差异。　　结论 :院前小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 ,只要适应证选择适当 ,能争取最大限度地挽救濒危的心肌组织 ,方法快速、简单、安全、有效 ,是可行的 ,并可能提高再通率。     

A randomized dose-ranging study of rt-PA in acute myocardial infarction. Effects on coronary patency and fibrinolytic parameters

This study was designed to examine the relationships betweendose of Wellcome two-chain recombinant tissue type-plasminogenactivator (BWrt-PA) and coronary patency and fibrinolytic parametersin acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In an open randomizedstudy, patients with AMI (determined by ECG) and symptoms ofless than 4 h duration without contraindications for fibrinolytic therapy were treated with rt-PA in nominal doses of 20 (7.7MU), 50 (14.8–29.6 MU) or 1OOmg (29.6–48.2 MU) administeredover 90 min followed by intravenous heparin. Coronary patencywas determined by coronary arteriography of the infarct-relatedartery and haematological parameters (fibrinogen, plasminogen,a₂-antiplasmin and fibrin (ogen) degradation products) measuredat 90 min. Coronary patency increased in a dose-related manner to 53% (95%C.I. 37–69%) in the 100 mg/90 min group. Logistic regressiondemonstrated a relationship between dose (in MU kg^–1)and coronary patency. Fibrinogen at 90 m was reduced to 74 (61.5–86.4%)of the pooled plasma standard in the nominal 100 mg group. Patientswith a higher predosefibrinogen had higher reductions of fibrinogen.Serious bleeding occurred in three (3%) patients, and no intracranialbleeds were reported. B W rt-PA produces dose-related patency of the coronary arterieswith moderate, dose-related reduction in fibrinogen.     

瑞替普酶和重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的对比观察瑞替普酶与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)静脉溶栓治疗的效果及安全性。方法将122例发病12h内的AMI患者随机分为两组,瑞替普酶组60例,瑞替普酶20mU间隔30min分2次静脉推注;rt-PA组62例,rt-PA8mg静脉推注,42mg,90min内静脉滴注。观察两组溶栓再通率、急性期病死率、心肌梗死并发症和不良事件发生率。结果溶栓后30、60、90和120min瑞替普酶组临床判断再通率均高于rt-PA组,两组60和90min2个时间段比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。90min瑞替普酶组48例行冠状动脉造影,42例显示梗死相关血管再通为87.5%,rt-PA组42例行冠状动脉造影,29例显示梗死相关血管再通为69.05%(P<0.01);35天瑞替普酶组死亡2例(3.33%),rt-PA组死亡3例(4.84%);两组均无脑出血病史;不良事件发生率瑞替普酶组为23.3%,rt-PA组为25.6%。结论瑞替普酶静脉溶栓治疗AMI比较安全,较rt-PA能更早地使梗死相关血管开通,并有较高的血管开通率及较低的急性期病死率。     

注射用重组瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效评价

目的对比观察瑞替普酶(reteplase rPA)与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)溶栓治疗的效果及安全性。方法自2001年11月~2002年5月,共26例AMI患者随机接受rPA或rt-PA溶栓治疗,观察溶栓再通率、急性期死亡率、并发症及不良反应发生率。结果溶栓后2h再通率rPA为92.86%,rt-PA组为75%(P>0.05),90min rPA组3例行冠状动脉造影显示全部再通,rt-PA组3例冠状动造影显示仅1例再通,35d rPA组病死率为14.29%,rt-PA组病死率8.33%(P>0.05),两组各有1例患者发生冠状动脉再闭塞,rt-PA组1例患者发生心力衰竭(P>0.05)。结论rPA为国人治疗AMI安全、有效的溶栓药物。