黑龙江省农村限定地区中老年人群翼状胬肉流行病学调查

目的：了解黑龙江省农村地区翼状胬肉的患病率及相关危险因素。
　　方法：以人口为基础的横断面研究,在黑龙江省明水县整群随机抽取35个行政村为调查点,抽取50岁以上人群共6196名作为调查对象。研究该人群分布特征和翼状胬肉的患病率、分布特征、危险因素。
　　结果：在50岁以上人群中,实际接受检查5669名,受检率91.49%。发现翼状胬肉患者246例329眼,至少有1眼患病的患病率为4.34%;翼状胬肉的患病率与年龄正相关(年龄每增加10岁,OR=1.616,95%CI：1.372~1.903, P<0.01);Logistic回归分析结果表明,外出不配戴眼镜与配戴眼镜相比,OR=5.045,95%CI：1.592~15.985,P=0.006;平时工作活动地点在室外与室内工作者相比, OR=3.896,95%CI：2.834~5.356,P<0.01;平时外出或室外娱乐的时间>4h 与<4h 相比,OR=1.410,95%CI：1.064~1.869,P=0.017;翼状胬肉的发生与年龄、是否配戴眼镜、户外工作的时间相关。
　　结论：在高寒地带的黑龙江省农村地区翼状胬肉患病率有所下降。高龄、户外工作是其危险因素,而外出时配戴眼镜是其保护性因素。     

不同年龄成年人视疲劳患病率的影响因素分析

目的: 利用经过验证的普查版视疲劳量表调查分析中国不同年龄成年人视疲劳的患病率及影响因素。方法: 横断面调查研究。于2016年6月至2018年6月通过网络发放普查版视疲劳量表5 022份进行不同年龄成年人视疲劳调查。采用卡方检验、Bonferroni多重比较法和多因素二元Logistic回归分析3个年龄组(≤20岁、21～50岁和>50岁)调查对象视疲劳的患病率和性别、年龄、居住地湿润度、居住地城乡特征、职业种类、每日近距离用眼时间、每日睡眠时间、睡眠质量及眼部手术史的关系。结果: 最终收集有效量表2 870份(有效应答率57.1%)。2 870例调查对象年龄18～83(30.7±15.9)岁, 视疲劳患病率为40.4%。多因素分析显示较大的年龄[OR=1.02, 95%可信区间(CI):1.01～1.03)]、更差的睡眠质量(一般OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.51～2.13;差OR=4.99, 95%CI:3.72～6.71)和每日近距离用眼时间超过8 h(OR=1.49, 95%CI:1.10～2.03)是视疲劳的危险因素(均P<0.05);职业为非白领(蓝领OR=...     

近视防控门诊7～14岁儿童干眼的患病率及危险因素分析

目的:分析近视防控门诊7～14岁儿童干眼的患病率及其危险因素。方法:纳入2021-12/2022-02就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院近视防控门诊的7～14岁儿童222例,收集纳入儿童的一般资料,通过眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表和Keratograph 5M非侵入性眼表综合分析仪评估纳入儿童干眼患病率,并采用Logistic回归模型分析干眼发生的危险因素。结果:近视防控门诊儿童干眼的患病率为27.9%。Logistic回归分析显示,过敏性结膜炎(OR=2.31,95%CI=1.12～4.78,P=0.02)、屈光不正(OR=5.57,95%CI=2.40～12.94,P<0.01)、每天使用电子产品总时间>2h(OR=2.74,95%CI=1.11～6.78,P=0.03)、每天使用电子产品打游戏时间>2h(OR=2.33,95%CI=1.12～4.84,P=0.02)、每天户外活动时间≤2h(OR=4.28,95%CI=2.02～9.07,P<0.01)、每天睡眠时间<8h(OR=3.23,95%CI=1.44～7.27,P=0.01)均是儿童干眼发生的危险因...     

干眼与A型性格的相关性研究

目的:探讨A型性格与干眼的相关性,为干眼的预防和诊治提供新思路.方法:本研究采用病例对照研究的方法,按照年龄、性别1:1匹配,选取100例干眼新发患者为干眼组,100例健康志愿者为对照组.使用"A型性格问卷调查表"统一调查获取临床资料,先用χ2检验对干眼组与健康对照组的性格类型分布进行比较,再运用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析统计数据.结果:干眼组与对照组性格类型分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.494,P=0.011),单因素Logistic回归分析中A型性格者患干眼的OR值为2.296(95%CI:1.202~4.384,P=0.012);每天面对视频终端时间≥6h患干眼的OR值为2.992(95%CI:1.668~5.369,P<0.01);长期处于空调环境中患干眼的OR值为2.631(95%CI:1.472~4.702,P=0.001).多因素条件Logistic回归分析中A型性格者患干眼的OR值为2.659(95%CI:1.335~5.295,P=0.005);每天面对视频终端时间≥6h患干眼的OR值为2.264(95%CI:1.166~4.396,P=0.016);长期处于空调环境中患干眼的OR值为2.053(95%CI:1.048~4.020,P=0.036).结论:A型性格、每天面对视频终端时间≥6h、长期处于空调环境中可能是干眼发生的独立危险因素.     

湖南省怀化市中小学生近视现况调查及影响因素分析

目的调查湖南省怀化市中小学生近视患病现状并分析其相关因素。设计横断面研究。研究对象湖南省怀化市鹤城区3~12年级学生2103名。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,2014年9~12月对怀化市鹤城区6所学校中小学生进行视力检查、非睫状肌麻痹下自动验光和问卷调查。近视定义为等效球镜度(SE)≤-0.50 D。应用非条件Logistic回归模型对可能与近视发生相关的33项因素进行多因素分析。主要指标近视患病率。结果在入选的2103名学生中,2064名(98.1%)(平均年龄12.5±2.8岁,范围7~18岁)参与了调查。近视患病率为46.3%(95%CI:44.1%~48.5%),小学生为22.1%(95%CI:19.3%~24.9%),初中生为53.8%(95%CI:50.0%~57.6%),高中生为74.4%(95%CI:70.8%~78.1%)。近视患病率随着年级增高呈增长趋势(χ~2=425.626,P=0.000)。女生近视患病率50.4%(95%可信区间:47.2%~53.6%)高于男生42.8%(95%可信区间:39.9%~45.7%)(χ~2=12.043,P=0.001)。乡村小学和城区小学的近视患病率无显著性差异(χ~2=0.140,P=0.708)。近视学生中69.2%(660/954)配戴眼镜。Logistic回归分析显示,近视的危险因素为父母近视、更长的近距离用眼时间、更短的近距离用眼距离、更少的睡眠时间、照明过暗。课桌高度合适、户外活动、几乎不看电视或玩电脑、无不良用眼行为和习惯是近视的保护因素。结论怀化市中小学生近视患病率较高,乡村学校的近视防治工作亦刻不容缓,视力保护的关键年龄在9岁以前。     

2011/2014年德州市特定人群干眼症流行趋势及相关危险因素研究

目的：了解德州市干眼症的流行病学特点,分析不同年龄、不同职业人群干眼症患病率的差别,寻找相关危险因素,为制定干眼症诊疗措施提供科学依据。
　　方法：对2011-02/2014-11在德州市疾病预防控制中心体检中心参加社会性体检的8145名普通人群开展干眼症问卷调查和相关眼部检查。
　　结果：目标人群中干眼症患者1803例,患病率为22.14%;女性患病率高于男性,男女之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.12,P<0.01);干眼症随年龄升高呈上升趋势,5~20岁、21~40岁、41~60岁、61~72岁人群患病率分别为9.61%(109/1134)、22.84%(789/3455)、23.06%(433/1878)、28.13%(472/1678),有统计学差异(χ2=95.76,P<0.01);女性5~20岁、41~60岁及61~72岁两类人群干眼症患病率显著高于同年龄组男性;各职业患病率具有显著差异,离退休人员最高(27.48%),有统计学差异(χ2=59.80,P<0.01);主诉症状排前三位的为眼部干涩感(30.40%)、视物模糊或视力波动(24.73%)、畏光(14.53%);多因素Logistic回归分析提示视频终端综合征、配戴角膜接触镜、滥用滴眼液、空气污染是干眼症的主要危险因素。
　　结论：德州市干眼症防治情况严峻,应掌握主要临床表现特点,及时明确诊断,并针对不同人群采取有针对性的健康教育和行为干预措施。     

克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼危险因素分析

目的：探讨克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼危险因素。 方法：采用横断面调查设计,对克拉玛依市中小学民汉学校进行分层整群随机抽样,抽取在册小学一、三、六年级及初中三年级学生。现场调查人员由眼科医师、眼科检查技师、验光师和联络人员组成,正式调查前对工作人员进行培训、预调查。根据研究需求自行设计调查问卷,并按照自愿同意的原则对研究对象进行系统眼部检查,使用统一仪器测量眼压、角膜曲率、屈光度、眼轴、角膜厚度等研究指标。采用Epi-data软件建立数据库,所有数据双录入,全部统计工作均由SPSS 17.0完成。 结果：本次调查研究实际调查1922人,受检率是91.4%,近视眼患病率为39.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析示：民族、年龄、性别、父母近视情况、每日课余读写时间和不良读写习惯与近视眼患病密切相关（ OR=0.149,95% CI：0.103~0.216,P=0.000;OR=1.372,95% CI：1.296~1.453,P=0.000;OR=1.517,95% CI：1.200~1.918,P=0.000;OR=0.695,95% CI：0.602~0.804,P=0.000;OR=1.310,95% CI：1.086~1.581,P=0.005; OR=0.655,95% CI：0.486~0.882,P=0.005）。 结论：民族、年龄、性别、父母近视情况、每日课余读写时间和不良读写习惯是近视眼患病的独立危险因素。     

广西横县地区青少年干眼症的调查分析

目的：了解广西横县地区青少年干眼症的患病率及其相关影响因素。方法：通过对在校青少年2358名进行问卷调查,初中组1768名,高中组590名,对主诉有症状的856例患者进行裂隙灯检查、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）测定、泪液分泌试验（SⅠt）及角结膜荧光素染色检查,统计干眼症的患病率,分析干眼症患者的相关因素。结果：青少年2358名中干眼症为157例,总患病率为6.66%,女性患病率8.08%（92/1138）,男性患病率5.33%（65/1220）,χ2=6.762,P〈0.05,两者患病率有统计学差异,女性患病率高于男性;其中初中组女生患病率7.64%（64/838）,男生患病率5.48%（51/930）,χ2=3.016,P〉0.05,两者患病率无统计学差异;高中组女生患病率9.33%（28/300）,男生患病率4.83%（14/290）,总患病率7.12%,χ2=3.872,P〈0.05,两者患病率有统计学差异。初高中组男生患病率比较（χ2=0.081,P〉0.05）,无统计学差异;初高中组女生患病率比较（χ2=0.064,P〉0.05）,无统计学差异。统计学分析显示在校青少年干眼症患病率主要与视屏幕、配戴角膜接触镜时间关系密切,其他为次要影响因素,且大部分受多因素同时存在的影响。结论：广西横县地区在校青少年干眼症患病率为6.66%。青少年干眼症患病率主要与视屏幕、配戴角膜接触镜时间长短密切相关、其次是和长时间近距离阅读、频繁使用滴眼液和全身性疾病史等有关。     

眼科门诊40岁以下人群干眼症的危险因素分析

目的:探讨眼科门诊40岁以下人群干眼症的危险因素,为降低干眼症的发生率,减轻干眼症的危害提供理论依据.方法:选取2015-04/09间在山西省眼科医院眼表疾病门诊就诊的患者及其陪同家属共440例为研究对象,年龄控制在40岁以下,取得患者知情同意后,行面对面访谈式问卷调查并依次行裂隙灯显微镜检查、泪膜破裂时间(tear break-up timeBUT)测定、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt)、角膜荧光素染色(fluorescein,FL)等检查并记录检查结果.将确诊为干眼症的259例患者作为病例组,181例非干眼症患者作为对照组,采用病例对照研究的方法.结果:研究对象440例,男205例(46.6％),女235例(53.4％).确诊干眼症259例,患病率为58.9％.在单因素分析的基础上进行多元Logistic回归分析,结果显示,屈光不正(OR=4.582,95％CI:2.789 ～7.562)、每天阅读写作时间长(OR=1.380,95％CI:1.111～1.715)、阅读写作姿势不标准(OR =4.202,95％CI:2.531～6.977)、配戴隐形眼镜(OR=3.374,95％CI:1.837 ～6.196)、联合使用眼药(OR=3.749,95％CI:1.608 ～8.740)、鼻炎史(OR=2.244,95％ CI:1.412 ～4.410)、角结膜炎史(OR=3.971,95％ CI:2.005～7.866)、LASIK手术史(OR=4.494,95％CI:0.988 ～ 20.447)、家附近lkm内有污染建筑(OR=3.039,95％ CI:1.185 ～7.796)为干眼症的危险因素.结论:眼科门诊40岁以下人群干眼症患病率远高于一般人群.人们的不良生活习惯、行为方式、环境污染为40岁以下人群干眼症的主要危险因素.     

广州城乡结合部中小学生视力不良与干眼发生情况调查

目的:探讨广州市城乡结合部中小学生干眼症发生与视力不良的关系.方法:采用分层整群随机抽样,抽取城乡结合部小学和初中,自制问卷调查学生3572名,同时现场进行眼科常规检查及泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间测定和角结膜荧光素染色三项检查,采用SPSS19.00软件对数据进行分析.结果:本次调查中3572名7144眼对象中,视力不良总体人数为764名1447眼,按眼数计算总体视力不良率为20.25%,其中小学视力不良率为14.08%,初中视力不良率为29.51%,初中视力不良率明显高于小学(P<0.05);干眼症总体人数为424例848眼,总体干眼症发生率为11.87%,其中小学干眼症发生率为5.14%,初中干眼症发生率为21.96%,初中干眼症发生率明显高于小学(P<0.05);有序多分类Logistic回归分析,结果显示初中、每天做作业时间1~3h及>3h、眼与书本距离<30cm,躺着看书、每天看电视玩电脑手机时间1~3h及>3h、干眼症和营养状况(肥胖和消瘦)是中小学生视力不良的影响因素(OR=3.862、1.164、1.210、1.212、1.315、1.319、3.040、1.110、1.057、1.141).结论:中小学生视力不良的影响因素多,其中干眼症是广州市城乡结合部中小学生视力不良的危险因素之一.     

Correctable visual impairment in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai Eye Study

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of correctable visual impairment and the quality of life of persons with correctable visual impairment in a metropolitan senior population. METHODS: The study was a community-based, cross-sectional survey of vision and eye diseases among noninstitutionalized subjects aged 65 years and older in the Shihpai community of Taipei, Taiwan. The study consisted of a structured questionnaire followed by a comprehensive standardized ophthalmic examination included presenting and best corrected visual acuity, tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 1361 subjects (response rate, 66.6%) participated in both completion of the questionnaire and ophthalmic examination. The prevalence of correctable visual impairment (presenting visual acuity in the better eye <6/12 that improved to no impairment [>/=6/12] after refractive correction) was 9.55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.97%-11.13%). Under multiple logistic regression analysis, older age (>/=75 years; odds ratio [OR], 2.41; 95% CI, 1.56-3.70) and nonemmetropic eyes (myopia; OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 3.77-12.77 vs. hyperopia; OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.29-3.51) were significantly related to correctable visual impairment. A higher level of education (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32-0.83) and wearing distance eyeglasses during the eye examination (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.12-0.43) were protective factors for correctable visual impairment. Subjects with correctable visual impairment scored significantly lower in the physical functioning dimension of the SF-36 questionnaire (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that approximately 10% of the senior population in the Shihpai district has a correctable visual impairment. Thus, it is important to educate the public about the importance of regular examination and the possibility of improving visual acuity by wearing glasses.     

Incidence and risk factors of symptomatic dry eye disease in Asian Malays from the Singapore Malay Eye Study

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence of symptomatic dry eye disease (SDED) and associated risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of ethnic Malays in Singapore.

The ocular surface in children: A review of current knowledge and meta-analysis of tear film stability and tear secretion in children

Purpose

A review of ocular surface and meta-analysis of tear stability (tear break up time, TBUT) and tear secretion (Schirmer test) values in healthy children was conducted.

Analysis of risk and protective factors associated with retinal nerve fiber layer defect in a Chinese adult population

AIM: To investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) in a Chinese adult population. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional population-based investigation including employees and retirees of a coal mining company in Kailuan City, Hebei Province. All the study participants underwent a comprehensive systemic and ophthalmic examination. RNFLD was diagnosed on fundus photographs. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the RNFLD. RESULTS: The community-based study included 14 440 participants. There were 10 473 participants in our study, including 7120 males (68.0%) and 3353 females (32.0%). The age range was 45-108y, averaging 59.56±8.66y. Totally 568 participants had RNFLD and the prevalence rate was 5.42%. A higher prevalence of RNFLD was associated with older age [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR): 1.032; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018-1.046], longer axial length (P=0.010, OR: 1.190; 95%CI: 1.042-1.359), hypertension (P=0.007, OR: 0.639; 95%CI: 0.460-0.887), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.019, OR: 0.684; 95%CI: 0.499-0.939). The protective factors of RNFLD were visual acuity (P=0.038, OR: 0.617; 95%CI: 0.391-0.975), and central anterior chamber depth (P=0.046, OR: 0.595; 95%CI: 0.358-0.990). CONCLUSION: In our cross-sectional community-based study, with an age range of 45-108y, RNFLD is associated with older age, longer axial length, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The protective factors of RNFLD are visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth. These can help to predict and evaluate RNFLD related diseases and identify high-risk populations early.     

Dry eye disease in French elderly subjects: the Alienor Study

Purpose: To describe dry eye disease in French elderly subjects. Methods: The Alienor Study is a population‐based study on age‐related eye disease in 963 residents of Bordeaux (France), aged 73 years or more. Self‐reported dry eye disease and use of artificial tears were documented through face‐to‐face interview. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and tear film stability by tear break‐up time measurements (TBUT). Definite dry eye disease was defined as self‐reported dry eye, confirmed by use of artificial tears and/or OSDI greater or equal to 22. Results: Nine hundred and fifteen subjects, with mean age of 80 ± 4 years, returned the OSDI questionnaire. Of these, 271 (29.6%) subjects reported a dry eye disease and 135 (14.7%) were using artificial tears. An OSDI score > 22 was found in 359 (39.2%) subjects and a TBUT < 5 seconds in 335/746 (44.9%) subjects. Overall, definite dry eye affected 21.9% of subjects and was more frequent in women (27.1%) than in men (13.6%). After multivariate adjustment, dry eye disease was also significantly less frequent in subjects with high educational level (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31–0.78 for long secondary school) and more frequent in subjects with ocular hypertension (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.02–2.57) and those using anxiolytics (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02–2.29). Conclusions: This large observational study confirmed the high prevalence of dry eye symptoms among elderly subjects and confirmed some of the previously identified risk factors (in particular female gender and use of anxiolytics).     

Risk factors for corneal infiltrates with continuous wear of contact lenses.

PURPOSE: To describe the factors associated with symptomatic corneal infiltrates in a postmarket surveillance study of continuous wear contact lenses. METHODS: Patients intending to wear lotrafilcon A lenses continuously for 30 days and nights were registered in a 1-year study at 131 clinical sites. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather demographic and other data at baseline. The severity of the incidence of corneal infiltrative events during the year-long study was graded by an independent adjudication committee. RESULTS: Of 6245 lens wearers, 163 were reported to have symptomatic corneal infiltrative events (2.6%). In 159 wearers, the infiltrates were judged to be lens-related (2.5%). Age < or =25 years and >50 years was significantly associated with the development of corneal infiltrates (< or =25 years OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.24-2.48 and >50 years OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.40-2.98). Ametropia of > or =5.00 D was significantly associated with corneal infiltrates (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.08-2.37). Study participants who typically wore lenses for >21 consecutive days and nights were significantly less likely to have infiltrates than those who wore lenses for fewer consecutive days and nights (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.24-0.75). Smoking concurrent with contact lens wear was weakly associated with corneal infiltrates (OR = 1.47, CI = 0.99-2.18). CONCLUSIONS: Patient age, degree of refractive error, and failure to achieve the intended wearing schedule were associated with development of symptomatic corneal infiltrative events.     

Impact of dry eye syndrome on vision-related quality of life

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of dry eye syndrome (DES) on vision-associated quality of life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: We identified 450 participants in the Women's Health Study (WHS) and 240 participants in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS) and sent a supplementary questionnaire asking how much their everyday activities were limited by symptoms of dry eye and to what degree problems with their eyes limited them in reading, driving, working at the computer, their professional activity, and watching television. By design, one-third of study subjects had clinically diagnosed DES or severe symptoms and two-thirds did not. We used logistic regression to examine relationships of DES with reported problems with everyday activities in each cohort and pooled estimates using meta-analysis methods. RESULTS: Of the participants invited, 85% completed the supplementary questionnaire, including 135 WHS and 55 PHS participants with DES, and 250 WHS and 149 PHS participants without DES. Controlling for age, diabetes, hypertension, and other factors, those with DES were more likely to report problems with reading ([odds ratio] OR = 3.64, 95% [confidence interval] CI 2.45 to 5.40, P < .0001); carrying out professional work (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.72 to 7.09, P= 0.001); using a computer (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.11 to 5.38, P < .0001); watching television (OR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.74, P = .04); driving during the day (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.96, P < .0001); and driving at night (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.28, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: DES is associated with a measurable adverse impact on several common and important tasks of daily living, further implicating this condition as an important public health problem deserving increased attention and resources.     

Association between tear film break up time and blink interval in visual display terminal users

AIM: To investigate the association between tear film break up time (TBUT) and blinking interval in visual display terminal (VDT) users. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty VDT users underwent dry eye testing, and functional visual acuity (FVA) test. The blinking interval during FVA was compared with TBUT. Subjects with longer blinking interval than TBUT were considered as unstable tear film. Logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for unstable tear group. RESULTS: Among 930 workers, 858 subjects (92.3%) participated in this study. Almost 80% of the subjects were categorized into the unstable tear group. Unstable tear group has significantly lower Schirmer values and TBUT (17.5±11.6 vs 21.1±11.5 mm, 3.7±2.6 vs 5.7±2.7s, both P<0.001). There were no significant differences in epithelial staining or severity of symptoms. Logistic regression showed that over 40y was a risk for being unstable tear group [odds ratio (OR)=1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.20]. Contact lens use was protective factor for being in the unstable tear group (OR=0.37; 95%CI= 0.26-0.53). CONCLUSION: Subjects with shorter TBUT than blinking interval are prevalent among VDT users. Subjects over the age of 40 shows an increased risk for unstable tear film.     

Sudden Vision Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The prevalence and determinants of sudden vision loss (SVL) are unknown in African Americans (AAs). Since SVL can be cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related and CVD is highly prevalent in AAs, we examined the prevalence of and CVD factors related to self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer in the cohort of AAs enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).

Methods: The study population comprised 5301 participants enrolled from 2000–2004 in the metropolitan area of Jackson, MS, USA. All participants who responded to the question “Have you ever had any sudden loss of vision or blurring, lasting 24 hours or longer?” on the baseline stroke questionnaire were included in the study. We estimated the prevalence of SVL and used regression modeling to identify CVD factors independently related to SVL.

Results: A total of 5262 participants were included, of which 63% (3334/5262) were female. The prevalence of SVL was 3.6% (193/5262) overall (4.4% in females and 2.4% in males), and 8.7% (84/965) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Factors independently related to SVL included coronary heart disease (odds ratio, OR, 1.69, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.12–2.56), cerebrovascular disease (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.76–4.47), diabetes (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.05–3.94), hypertension (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.45), female sex (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.67), and income less than US$50,000 (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.28–3.30).

Conclusions: In this cohort of AAs, self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer was highly prevalent in women and those with diabetes and was independently related to sex, CVD, CVD risk factors and household income.     

中老年人高血压和糖尿病与年龄相关性白内障的关系

目的：探讨中老年人高血压、糖尿病与年龄相关白内障（age-relatedcataract,ARC）危险性之间的关系。方法：采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法。病例由45～85岁的360例因患ARC施行白内障手术摘除的患者组成,对照由同期入住相同医院的360例非白内障患者组成,采取1∶1匹配。采用标准调查表对研究对象进行面对面调查,内容包括人口学特征、生活方式、疾病既往史等,同时对血压、血糖进行测量。应用多因素Logistic回归分析估计高血压及糖尿病与ARC关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。结果：在调整了年龄和性别因素后,高血压与ARC呈显著正相关（OR=1.573,P=0.005）。与收缩压正常者相比较,收缩压≥180mmHg者发病的危险性增加（OR=2.812,95%CI：1.450～5.455,P=0.002）。高血压病程10a～的研究对象发病的危险性显著地高于病程〈10a者（OR=1.867,95%CI：1.053～3.307,P=0.033）。同样,与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者发生ARC的危险性显著升高（OR=2.151,95%CI：1.470～3.149,P〈0.001）。与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病病程〈10a和10～19a者发生ARC的OR分别为2.374（95%CI：1.502～3.752,P〈0.001）和2.683（95%CI：1.267～5.683,P=0.010）。结论：ARC患病率增高与高血压、糖尿病及其病程增加有关。对这些可变危险因素采取干预性措施,尤其是对高危人群,可能意味着对ARC导致的视觉障碍必须采取控制性措施,因为此症是全球致盲的首要原因。