循证医学与口腔医学

循证医学是指导临床医生应用最佳证据,促进临床决策的新兴学科,已在很多临床分支学科中得到广泛应用。循证医学在我国口腔医学领域尚处于起始阶段,中国口腔医务人员应该学习和掌握这门学科,积极进行循证医学实践,不但善于寻找和评价证据,更要以自己的临床实践提供最佳证据。     

《上海口腔医学》2001～2005年载文分析

目的分析《上海口腔医学》杂志2001～2005年的载文特点。方法应用文献计量学方法,统计2001～2005年出版的《上海口腔医学》26期所载论文的多项文献学定量指标。结果《上海口腔医学》5年的总载文量为802篇,作者来源于4个国家、23个省市自治区。合著论文占总数的90.40%,平均论文合作度为3.46。作者技术职别中,中级以上作者人数占总数的90.93%,硕士以上占总人数的72.59%。论文篇均引文数为8.11,5年引用外文文献占总引文量的65.28%。结论《上海口腔医学》是我国口腔医学研究领域的重要信息源之一。     

循证口腔医学

循证医学是临床医学的新概念,虽然其出现只有十年的历史,其理念已为临床各专业医务人员接受。相关文献数量却是呈加速度增长。那么什么是口腔循证医学呢?如何实践口腔循证医学?文章对此进行了讨论。 一、循证医学的兴起与发展 循证医学evidence based medicine这个词汇在古老的医学中是没有的,在现代医学中也是一个新鲜事物。作者在2002年8月下旬在互联网上对数据库PubMed用检索词evidence based medicine进展检索,发现最早使用循证医学这个词汇的医学文献见     

口腔医学技术装备的循证采购

1 前言。口腔医学技术装备是口腔医疗设备器械的总称，属卫生技术范畴。所谓卫生技术，是指在卫生保健与医疗服务中应用的特定的知识体系，包括用于疾病诊断、预防、控制、治疗、康复的药品、设备器械、医疗方案、技术程序、后勤支持系统和行政管理组织。当前，面对激烈竞争的口腔医疗市场，各口腔医疗机构都十分重视加强医学技术装备的建设：现有设备的更新换代，新设备、新技术的引进和应用等等，首先面临的是口腔技术装备的采购。     

循证医学与临床口腔医学教育

循证医学（EBM）的概念是由David sackett教授于1992年提出的，它的含义是“遵循证据的医学”。是慎重、准确、明智地应用于当前所能获得的最好的研究依据，结合医生个人专业技能和多年临床经验，考虑患者的价值和愿望，制定出适合该患者的最佳的治疗措施。循证医学的科学性和有效性已得到国内外临床医师的公认。因此循证医学被认为是21世纪的临床医学。     

循证医学在口腔医学研究中的应用

循证医学是一门近年来迅速发展起来的新学科,是目前国际医学领城的研究热点之一。循证医学强调,任何医疗卫生决策必须依据当前最好的、可获得的科学研究证据,结合决策者或临床医生自己的专业技能和经验,考虑决策对象或患者的需求和愿望,将三者有机地结合做出科学、合理的决策。本文对循证医学的概念、实施方法、口腔医学领城中循证医学研究存在的问题及如何改进等进行综述。     

循证口腔医学的发展现状及展望

循证医学是指导临床医生应用最佳证据，促进制定临床决策的新兴学科，现已在许多临床分支学科中得到广泛应用。本文主要就其发展历程及其在口腔医学领域内的应用现状进行综述，以期促进国内口腔临床工作者对这一新兴学科的认识和了解。     

循证口腔医学的发展现状及展望

循证医学是指导临床医生应用最佳证据,促进制定临床决策的新兴学科,现已在许多临床分支学科中得到广泛应用。本文主要就其发展历程及其在口腔医学领域内的应用现状进行综述,以期促进国内口腔临床工作者对这一新兴学科的认识和了解。     

循证医学及其在口腔医学中的应用

循证医学是近年来国际临床医学领域迅速发展起来的新学科,是目前国际医学领域的研究热点之一,其基本指导思想是:任何医疗决策的确定均应基于客观的临床科学证据。本文介绍了循证医学的概念、实施方法,在口腔医学领域的应用,以及循证医学尚存在的问题和对未来的展望。     

循证医学及其在口腔医学中的应用

循证医学是近年来国际临床医学领域迅速发展起来的新学科，是目前国际医学领域的研究热点之一，其基本指导思想是：任何医疗决策的确定均应基于客观的临床科学证据。本文介绍了循证医学的概念，实施方法，在口腔医学领域的应用，以及循证医学尚存在的问题和对未来的展望。     

From dental science to clinical practice: Knowledge translation and evidence-based dentistry principles

It has been claimed that in order to decrease the gap between what we know and what we do, research findings must be translated from knowledge to action. Such practices better enable dentists to make evidence-based decisions instead of personal ideas and judgments. To this end, this literature review aims to revisit the concepts of knowledge translation and evidence-based dentistry (EBD) and depict their role and influence within dental education. It addresses some possible strategies to facilitate knowledge translation (KT), encourage dental students to use EBD principles, and to encourage dental educators to create an environment in which students become self-directed learners. It concludes with a call to develop up-to-date and efficient online platforms that could grant dentists better access to EBD sources in order to more efficiently translate research evidence into the clinic.     

Developing evidence-based dentistry skills: how to interpret randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews

Decision-making based on reliable evidence is more likely to lead to effective and efficient treatments. Evidence-based dentistry was developed, similarly to evidence-based medicine, to help clinicians apply current and valid research findings into their own clinical practice. Interpreting and appraising the literature is fundamental and involves the development of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) skills. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered to be evidence of the highest level in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the assessment of the report of a RCT, as well as a SR, can lead to an estimation of how the study was designed and conducted.     

口腔医学生关于循证医学知识、态度和行为的现状调查

目的:了解口腔医学生对循证口腔医学的知识和态度,以及实践循证医学的行为和障碍等,为进一步有针对性地开展循证医学教学和循证医学临床实践提供参考.方法:分别邀请在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院和浦东新区人民医院口腔科参加临床实习的口腔医学生参加本次调查.通过问卷调查方法获取口腔医学生对循证口腔医学相关知识、态度、行为等情况.采用SPSS21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:62名口腔医学生参加本次调查.医学生循证医学相关知识和态度的平均得分分别是5.5±1.9分和5.1±1.0分.约3/4的医学生修读过循证医学课程.超过一半(56.5％)的学生认为自己对循证口腔医学了解很少.70.5％的医学生平均每周在临床上实践循证口腔医学的次数少于1次.大部分医学生(80.3％)平均每周使用MEDLINE或其他数据库查询与临床实践相关文献的次数少于1次,而63.9％的医学生平时会使用临床实践相关的临床指南.所调查医学生认为排名前三的障碍依次是“缺乏信息资源”、“无充分时间”和“缺乏检索技能”.结论:口腔医学生对循证口腔医学相关的知识和实践循证医学的行为相对不理想,但是对循证医学和实践循证医学持积极态度.口腔医学生在临床上实践循证医学的三大障碍依次是缺乏信息资源、无充分时间和缺乏检索技能.     

牙体牙髓病学实验教学中发展性评价体系的构建和应用

目的探讨牙体牙髓病学实验教学考评体系中的发展性评价方法的应用效果。方法使用发展性评价方法检测口腔医学专业学生的牙体牙髓病学实验教学效果,并与终结性评价结果进行对比,统计方法为配对t检验,检验水准α＝0.05。结果发展性评价结果与终结性评价结果差异有统计学意义（t＝2.221,P＝0.038）。结论所构建的发展性评价体系可反映学生学习状态,为教师因材施教、提高教学质量提供途径。     

A practical approach to evidence-based dentistry: How to search for evidence to inform clinical decisions

Background and OverviewKnowing how to search for evidence that can inform clinical decisions is a fundamental skill for the practice of evidence-based dentistry. There are many available types of evidence-based resources, characterized by their degrees of coverage of preappraised or summarized evidence at varying levels of processing, from primary studies to systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. The practice of evidence-based dentistry requires familiarity with these resources. In this article, the authors describe the process of searching for evidence: defining the question, identifying the question's nature and main components, and selecting the study design that best addresses the question.Practice ImplicationsDentists who wish to inform their decisions with the current best evidence can use these guidelines to define their questions of interest and search efficiently for this evidence.     

航空航天牙医学的研究进展

飞行器的广泛应用极大拓宽了人类的活动领域。随着高空活动逐渐增多,飞行中所出现的口腔及头面部异常生理现象逐渐引起学者的注意,航空航天牙医学应运而生。本文就航空航天牙医学的研究进展作一综述。     

Undergraduate experience of clinical procedures in paediatric dentistry in a UK dental school during 1997—2001

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the clinical experience of undergraduate students in paediatric dentistry. This was a prospective study in a clinic teaching paediatric dentistry to undergraduates within a UK dental school. Students who graduated between 1997 and 2001 at King's Dental Institute, London, were required to complete a quantitative record of their clinical activity. The mean undergraduate intake for the 5-year period was 58. Thirty-six (36) sessions each of 2-2 1/2 h duration were available in the course for the clinical treatment of children (one half day per week), a total of 81 h. The undergraduates assessed and planned treatment for 13.4 patients, 3.6 emergency patients and administered 10.4 local analgesics. The mean number of inhalation sedation administrations increased (1.5-3.3) per student during the 5-year period. The mean number of procedures performed by undergraduates for primary teeth was 8.1 restorations in glass ionomer or compomer and 1.9 in amalgam, 1.6 pulpotomies and 0.2 preformed crowns. The mean number of procedures for permanent teeth was 24.5 fissure sealants, 2.6 preventive resin restorations, 1.5 amalgams, 1.7 composites, 1.4 incisal edge restorations and 0.8 root canal treatments. For permanent teeth, the trend was towards an increase in the number of preventive resin restorations (1.9-2.8) and composite restorations (1.4-1.9) but a decrease in the number of amalgam restorations (2.1-0.9) during the 5-year period. Individual students' clinical experience was very variable. Procedures that were performed more than 10 times were experienced by every student. A procedure performed on average two to four times within a year group would be experienced by only 80-90% of the group and less frequently performed procedures would only have been experienced by a minority of graduates. A large number of patients failed to attend or cancelled appointments representing a loss of 21 h of clinical treatment time per student, about 25% of the total time available for the treatment of children in the clinical course.     

Citation Analysis and Trends in review articles in dentistry

Objective

This study aimed to describe the trends in dentistry article reviews as well as to compare citation patterns between systematic and narrative reviews.

Skills in Assessing the Professional Literature (SAPL): A 7-year Analysis of Student EBD Performance

PurposeThe primary goal of this project was to describe the level of knowledge acquisition using detailed test performance outcomes of the EBD SAPL curriculum over its first 7-years of implementation at the NYU College of Dentistry. A secondary goal was to compare performance outcomes impact of the full 60 h base SAPL curriculum as taught to 4-year DDS students vs an abbreviated 30 h base SAPL curriculum as taught to 3-year Advanced Placement DDS students.MethodsThe findings for the period 2004–2010 are reported for 1647 dental students (63.6% 4-year DDS students, 36.3% 3-year Advanced Placement DDS students). The database consisted of the score earned by each student on each individual question of the SAPL course's 4 h final examination in which each student read an original research article and answered all questions on the Literature Analysis Form.ResultsThe major findings were overall high performance by both groups of students (SAPL exam scores of 85.8 vs 83.7, respectively) as well as very similar outcomes between these two student groups on: 1) recognizing research design elements and on interpreting those design elements for clinical application, 2) detailed performance of knowledge within the specific five traditional sections of research articles, and 3) detailed performance across 18 identified research design topics.ConclusionIn conclusion, both course formats appear to be highly effective for their respective student groups, but should not be interpreted as evidence favoring the shorter format given the different characteristics of the two student groups.     

国内防治放(化)疗所致口腔黏膜炎研究文献的循证医学分析

目的：评价国内口腔放疗和（或）化疗所致口腔黏膜炎文献的研究质量及治疗方法的有效性。方法：检索中国期刊网全文数据库（CNKI）和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库（CBMDisc）,按照国际循证医学标准对其中采取随机对照设计（randomized controlled trial,RCT）的有关口腔黏膜炎的疗效研究文献进行分析。结果：共检索到论著98篇,符合纳入标准的RCT文献22篇。从设计类型、诊断标准、疗效评定、不良反应等方面对上述文献进行分析。结论：我国治疗口腔黏膜炎的RCT文献无法进行Meta分析;粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）具有较好的短期疗效。