补体C3、补体C4联合甲状腺自身抗体检测对桥本甲状腺炎诊断和预后的意义

目的探讨补体C3、补体c4、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和促甲状腺激素受体刺激抗体（TSAb）检测对桥本甲状腺炎（HT）的诊断价值和病情发展判定的意义。方法选择HT患者120例作为HT组,同期就诊的Graves病患者110例作为Graves’病组,30例健康体检者作为对照组。3组患者分别检测补体C3、补体C4、TGAb、TPOAb和TSAb,并进行比较。结果HT组和Graves病组TGAb、TPOAb和TSAb水平和阳性率较对照组明显升高,HT组TGAb和TPOAb的水平和阳性率升高较Graves病组升高更为明显,而TSAb的水平和阳性率Graves病组较HT组更为明显。HT组的补体C3和补体C4水平较对照组和Graves病组明显降低,而对照组和Graves病组无显著性差异。HT组中甲减亚组补体C3和补体C4水平的变化较甲功正常亚组和甲功亢进亚组明显降低。结论HT是最常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病之一,因其血清学诊断标准不具特异性,联合检测补体C3、补体C4和甲状腺自身抗体对提高HT的临床诊断以及判断病情发展具有较重要的临床意义。     

补体C_3、补体C_4联合甲状腺自身抗体检测对桥本甲状腺炎诊断和预后的意义

目的探讨补体C3、补体C4、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和促甲状腺激素受体刺激抗体(TSAb)检测对桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的诊断价值和病情发展判定的意义。方法选择HT患者120例作为HT组,同期就诊的Graves病患者110例作为Graves’病组,30例健康体检者作为对照组。3组患者分别检测补体C3、补体C4、TGAb、TPOAb和TSAb,并进行比较。结果 HT组和Graves病组TGAb、TPOAb和TSAb水平和阳性率较对照组明显升高,HT组TGAb和TPOAb的水平和阳性率升高较Graves病组升高更为明显,而TSAb的水平和阳性率Graves病组较HT组更为明显。HT组的补体C3和补体C4水平较对照组和Graves病组明显降低,而对照组和Graves病组无显著性差异。HT组中甲减亚组补体C3和补体C4水平的变化较甲功正常亚组和甲功亢进亚组明显降低。结论 HT是最常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病之一,因其血清学诊断标准不具特异性,联合检测补体C3、补体C4和甲状腺自身抗体对提高HT的临床诊断以及判断病情发展具有较重要的临床意义。     

小儿防哮敷贴粉对小儿支气管哮喘的疗效观察及对血清25-(OH)D_3、IgE的影响

目的:观察小儿防哮敷贴粉对小儿支气管哮喘的治疗效果及对血清25-(OH)D3、Ig E的影响。方法:100例哮喘患儿随机分为4组,哮喘对照组采用普米克令舒(20min/次、2次/d)治疗3个月,小儿防哮敷贴粉各剂量(30min/次,1次/d,早上用一贴)、(30min/次,2次/d,早晚各用一贴)、(30min/次,3次/d,早中晚各用一贴)治疗3个月。选取26例健康儿童作为正常对照组。观察治疗效果、临床症状体征持续时间、肺功能,放射免疫法测血清25-(OH)D3、Ig E的变化。结果:小儿防哮敷贴粉(30min/次,2次/d,早晚各用一贴)、(30min/次,3次/d,早中晚各用一贴)剂量症状体征持续时间均明显降低,4组治疗后FEV1、PEF均较治疗前明显增高,小儿防哮敷贴粉(30min/次,3次/d,早中晚各用一贴)治疗后FEV1、PEF较哮喘对照组明显升高,哮喘对照25-(OH)D3明显降低,Ig E明显升高;小儿防哮敷贴粉(30min/次,2次/d,早晚各用一贴)、(30min/次,3次/d,早中晚各用一贴)25-(OH)D3明显增高,Ig E明显降低。结论:小儿防哮敷贴粉(30min/次,2次/d,早晚各用一贴)、(30min/次,3次/d,早中晚各用一贴)治疗小儿哮喘的临床疗效显著,其机制可能与影响血清25-(OH)D3、Ig E含量有关。     

隔姜灸联合中药对亚急性甲状腺炎患者血清25-(OH)D3、ghrelin及TgAb、TMAb表达的影响

目的 观察隔姜灸联合中药对亚急性甲状腺炎(SAT)患者血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D3]、促生长素(ghrelin)及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)表达水平的影响.方法 将130例SAT患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组44例,对照A组43例,对照B组43例.3组均予口服甲泼尼龙片,于此...     

抗肿瘤有效成分20(R)-25-OCH3-原人参二醇的结晶法分离

目的 从25-OCH₃-原人参二醇（25-OCH₃-PPD）非消旋体混合物中分离得到抗肿瘤有效成分20(R)-25-OCH₃-PPD （AD-1）。方法 采用结晶法拆分25-OCH₃-PPD非消旋体混合物中的AD-1,并对所用溶剂的种类、用量及结晶温度等分离条件进行了优化,探讨溶剂的介电常数和25-OCH₃-PPD非消旋体混合物的S/R比例间的关系。结果 25-OCH₃-PPD非消旋体混合物（R：59.34%;S：38.35%）,在最优条件下,丙酮26 mL、4 ℃时,可以获得AD-1的产率与纯度分别为38.76%、97.83%。结论 溶剂的电解质范围在20.7左右,低饱和度的溶剂以及低温有利于AD-1的分离。     

滋阴润燥汤对燥证咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效及对血清IgE、25-(OH)-D3、及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察滋阴润燥汤对燥证咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿血清IgE、25-(OH)-D3及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:将2018年4月～2020年1月收治的78例CVA患儿随机分为对照组和滋阴润燥组,每组39例。入院后,均接受常规综合治疗,对照组加予布地奈德气雾剂治疗,滋阴润燥组在上述基础上加予中药滋阴润燥汤治疗。检测治疗前后血清IgE、25-(OH)-D3以及炎症因子[白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平变化,评估咳嗽症状严重程度,比较临床疗效。结果:与治疗前比较,两组血清IgE降低(P0.01),25-(OH)-D3升高(P0.01),IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α降低(P0.01),夜间咳嗽、日间咳嗽症状评分降低(P0.01);与对照组比较,滋阴润燥组血清IgE较低(P0.05),25-(OH)-D3较高(P0.05),IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α较低(P0.01),夜间咳嗽、日间咳嗽症状评分较低(P0.01),临床疗效较高(P0.05)。结论:滋阴润燥汤治疗燥证CVA疗效确切,能够有效改善咳嗽症状,与调节血清IgE、25-(OH)-D3及炎症因子表达有关。     

中国大虎头蜂蜂毒毒性及其F(ab)2抗体的制备研究

 目的测定中国大虎头蜂蜂毒毒性,制备能有效中和中国大虎头蜂蜂毒的F(ab)₂抗体。方法小鼠腹腔注射测定胡蜂毒LD₅₀,以胡蜂毒免疫日本大耳白兔获得免疫血浆,经盐析、酶解、加热等步骤获得F(ab)₂抗体,并以免疫扩散、ELISA和小鼠体外中和法分别测定超免血浆、纯化的IgG及制备的F(ab)₂抗体对中国大虎头蜂及多种蛇毒的抗体效价。结果小鼠腹腔注射中国大虎头蜂蜂毒的LD₅₀为0.697mg·kg^-1,制备的F(ab)₂抗体SDS-PAGE电泳纯度为94.3%;ELISA检测结果表明纯化的IgG质量浓度为1×10^-9mg·mL^-1时对胡蜂毒素为阳性;免疫扩散结果表明制备的F(ab)₂抗体与中国大虎头蜂毒素（1∶1）时出现明显沉淀线,该抗体与胡蜂毒质量比（3.5∶1）时可保护小鼠100%存活。结论首次利用胡蜂毒免疫动物制备高纯度F(ab)₂抗体,该抗体可有效中和抗中国大虎头蜂毒蜂毒,并对银环蛇毒具有交叉中和作用。     

注射用益气复脉(冻干)的质量标志物研究

注射用益气复脉(冻干)是由红参、麦冬和五味子3味药材精制而成,临床上主要用于治疗冠心病劳累型心绞痛气阴两虚证及冠心病所致慢性左心功能不全II、III级气阴两虚证。根据质量标志物概念,从物质基础、药效、网络药理、药动学及药性等方面对注射用益气复脉(冻干)质量标志物进行预测分析,初步确定人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Rf、Rh1、Rc、Rb2、Ro、Rg3及麦冬皂苷C、麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、果糖、五味子醇甲13个成分为质量标志物,并以此为核心建立全程质量控制体系。基于质量标志物对注射用益气复脉(冻干)进行质控方法研究,可以为中药注射剂质量评价提供新的研究思路。     

海洋甾体(25R)-胆甾-3β，5α，6β，26-四醇的合成及生物活性研究

 目的 设计合成天然产物(25R)-胆甾-3β,5α,6β,26-四醇,并评价其抗胶质瘤活性。方法 以薯蓣皂素为原料,经过Zn-Hg齐还原开环,叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷（TBDMSCl）保护C-3、C-26羟基,甲基磺酰氯（MsCl）磺酰酯化C-16羟基,LiAlH₄还原C-16甲基磺酸酯,间氯过氧苯甲酸（mCPBA）氧化5,6位双键,酸性条件下开环、脱保护反应得到(25R)-胆甾-3β,5α,6β,26-四醇;并通过MTT法对该化合物的抗胶质瘤活性进行了初步研究。 结果 各中间体和目标化合物通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、IR、EI-MS、EA等现代波谱技术进行了结构表征;化合物在浓度为10~150 μg·mL-1时,胶质瘤细胞的生存率存在显著性差异,其IC₅₀为51.57 μg·mL-1。 结论 利用廉价易得的薯蓣皂素合成了一种天然海洋甾体,该目标化合物具有显著的抗胶质瘤活性,且具有浓度依赖性,值得进一步研究。     

淫羊藿中不同部位及单体化合物对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的影响

目的通过比较淫羊藿Epimedium brevicormon不同洗脱部位及其单体化合物对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤的保护作用,筛选淫羊藿活性部位和活性成分。方法淫羊藿提取物经大孔树脂柱、硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20及制备液相的分离纯化,得到不同洗脱部位和单体化合物。运用Aβ_(25-35)体外诱导的神经细胞损伤模型,采用Hoechst33342和PI双染法,对淫羊藿的不同洗脱部位和成分进行活性筛选。结果与模型组比较,除淫羊藿95%乙醇部位外,所有洗脱部位及其中的单体化合物山柰酚-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷]-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷、淫羊藿苷、朝藿定A、朝藿定B均对Aβ_(25-35)所致SH-SY5Y细胞损伤有显著保护作用。结论淫羊藿对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤具有保护作用,其二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶1)部位作用最强,其次是30%乙醇部位、50%乙醇部位。     

健脾清胃化痰法联合右佐匹克隆片治疗焦虑性失眠的临床疗效及对血清5-羟色胺、25-羟维生素D3水平的影响

[目的] 观察健脾清胃化痰法联合右佐匹克隆片治疗焦虑性失眠的临床疗效及对血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、25-羟维生素D₃[25（OH）D₃]水平的影响。[方法] 选取2018年10月—2020年5月就诊于河北中医学院第一附属医院失眠门诊的114例符合痰热内扰型焦虑性失眠患者,按随机数字表法随机分为3组,每组38例。西药组口服右佐匹克隆片,每次2 mg,睡前口服1次;中药组口服基于健脾清胃化痰法拟定的中药免煎颗粒,每日1剂;联合组同时服用基于健脾清胃化痰法的中药免煎颗粒和右佐匹克隆片。疗程为4周。比较3组患者治疗前,治疗2、4周后的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评定量表（PSQI）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、睡眠潜伏期时间、睡眠维持时间、血清5-HT、25（OH）D₃水平及不良反应情况,并于停药后4周重复观察睡眠潜伏期时间、睡眠维持时间情况。[结果] 治疗4周后,3组均取得良好疗效果。治疗4周后,3组PSQI评分、HAMA评分均低于治疗前,且联合组显著低于中药组和西药组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;3组睡眠潜伏期时间均低于治疗前,且联合组低于中药组和西药组（P<0.05）,中药组和联合组睡眠维持时间均高于治疗前,且联合组明显优于西药组和中药组（P<0.05）;3组血清5-HT、25（OH）D₃水平较治疗前提高,且联合组高于西药组及中药组（P<0.05）。联合组不良反应发生率为2.63%,明显低于西药组和中药组的21.05%和7.89%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。停药后4周,联合组睡眠潜伏期时间及睡眠维持时间均优于西药组和中药组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论] 健脾清胃化痰法联合右佐匹克隆片可有效改善痰热内扰型焦虑性失眠患者的失眠、焦虑症状,能进一步提高患者血清5-HT、25（OH）D₃水平,临床疗效确切,不良反应小,且远期疗效好。     

生脉注射液中人参皂苷Rg1, Rb1在心肌缺血大鼠体内的药动学-药效学结合研究

该文研究生脉注射液中主要成分人参皂苷Rg₁和Rb₁在心肌缺血大鼠体内的药动学过程及其诱导体内NO释放效应的药动学-药效学（PK-PD）结合模型。以大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素（ISO）制备心肌缺血模型。模型大鼠静脉给予生脉注射液（10.8 mL·kg^-1）,于给药后不同时间点采集大鼠血清,测定血清中人参皂苷Rg₁和Rb₁的浓度,绘制药-时曲线,拟合药动学模型,计算药动学参数;同时测定血清中NO代谢产物NO₂^-和NO₃^-水平,绘制时-效曲线,采用Sheiner等提出的效应室理论建立PK-PD结合模型,计算药效学参数。研究结果显示人参皂苷Rg₁和Rb₁在大鼠体内的药动学过程均符合二房室开放模型,人参皂苷Rg₁在体内表现出快消除的特点,人参皂苷Rb₁表现出慢消除的特点。生脉注射液诱导大鼠体内NO释放效应与人参皂苷Rg₁和Rb₁的血药浓度不直接相关,效应滞后于血药浓度,效应与人参皂苷Rg₁和Rb₁的效应室浓度成良好的相关性,符合Sigmoid-E_max模型。该研究成功建立了生脉注射液在心肌缺血大鼠体内的PK-PD结合模型,可较有效地用于预测生脉注射液的血药浓度和效应。     

壮腰健肾丸对肾虚多尿大鼠膀胱组织中P2X1与P2X3mRNA表达的影响

为了探讨壮腰健肾丸的缩尿作用及机制,该实验采用皮下注射150 mg·kg^-1剂量的D-半乳糖诱导亚急性衰老模型,并将其分为模型组、缩泉丸组(1.17 g·kg^-1·d^-1)、壮腰健肾丸高、中、低剂量组(2.39,1.20,0.60 g·kg^-1·d^-1),另取正常动物设为空白组,连续给药8周。选用代谢笼法测量大鼠24 h尿量及水负荷5 h尿量;采用全自动生化仪检测尿中Na⁺,Cl^-,K⁺浓度;应用ELISA法测定血清中醛固酮(aldosterone,ALD)、抗利尿激素(antidiuretic hormone,ADH)的含量;采用RT-PCR检测大鼠膀胱组织中P2X₁与P2X₃ mRNA表达量的变化情况。结果显示壮腰健肾丸高、中剂量组对肾虚多尿大鼠24 h尿量及水负荷后5 h内尿量均显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01);对尿中Na⁺和Cl^-浓度均显著降低(P<0.01);血浆中ALD,ADH含量显著性升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);膀胱组织中P2X₁与P2X₃ mRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.01);壮腰健肾丸低剂量组尿中Na⁺和Cl^-浓度均显著降低(P<0.01)。结果说明壮腰健肾丸可能是通过下调肾虚多尿大鼠膀胱组织中P2X₁与P2X₃ mRNA表达量从而发挥缩尿的作用。     

Lawsonia inermis L. (henna): Ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological aspects

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The use of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) for medicinal and cosmetic purposes is inextricably linked to ancient and modern cultures of North Africa and Asia. Literature and artwork indicates that Lawsonia inermis played an important holistic role in the daily lives of some ancient cultures, providing psychological and medicinal benefits, as well as being used for personal adornment. Although henna was historically applied to the hands and feet to protect against fungal pathogens and to hair to combat lice and dandruff, other traditional uses include the treatment of liver and digestive disorders, reduction of tissue loss in leprosy, diabetic foot disorders and ulcers.Phytochemistry: Almost 70 phenolic compounds have been isolated from various parts of the plant. Naphthaquinones, which include the dyeing principle lawsone, have been linked to many of the pharmacological activities. The terpene, β-ionone is largely responsible for the pungent odour of the essential oil isolated from the flowers. In addition to other volatile terpenes, some non-volatile terpenoids, a single sterol, two alkaloids and two dioxin derivatives have also been isolated from the plant.Bioactivity: Henna is a pharmacologically important plant with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Although a myriad of pharmacological activities have been documented, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities are the most thoroughly investigated. Some incidents of adverse reactions following application to the skin have been reported, but these are mainly confined to cases involving individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and reactions to adulterants added to henna products.Conclusions: Adulteration of henna is very common and may have resulted in unwarranted scientific findings. Phytochemical profiling studies of the plant, which are crucial for the establishment of proper quality control protocols, are lacking and hamper the development of medicinal products. Although many in vitro studies have been conducted to evaluate the pharmacological activities and many in vivo studies have focussed on the toxicity of extracts, more in vivo studies to validate pharmacological activities are needed. The roles of specific compounds and their synergies have not been comprehensively investigated.     

The antimicrobial,antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of different fractions of four South African Bauhinia species used traditionally to treat diarrhoea

Ethnopharmacological importance

Many Bauhinia species, including those indigenous to South Africa, are used in traditional medicine across the world for treating ailments such as gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders, diabetes, infectious diseases and inflammation.

Aims

Several relevant aspects of different fractions of leaf extracts of Bauhinia bowkeri (BAB), Bauhinia galpinii (BAG), Bauhinia petersiana (BAP), and Bauhinia variegata (BAV) used in South African traditional medicine to alleviate diarrhoea related symptoms were evaluated.

Materials and Methods

The antioxidative activities of the extracts were determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS⁺) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. In vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined against bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and clinical isolates of the opportunistic fungal strains (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans) using a serial dilution microplate method. The polyphenolic contents were quantified using standard methods, and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude extracts were determined using the cyclooxygenase and soybean 15-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory assays. The safety of the extracts was evaluated by determining the cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines.

Results

The acidified 70% acetone crude extract and their fractions had good antiradical potency against the DPPH and ABTS radicals. The methanol soluble portions of the butanol fractions were more potent (EC₅₀ ranges from 0.64±0.05 to 1.51±0.07 and 0.88±0.18 to 1.49±0.09 μg/ml against DPPH and ABTS radical respectively) compared to the standard, trolox and ascorbic acid (EC₅₀ ranges from 1.47±0.24 to 1.70±0.27 μg/ml) for both DPPH and ABTS. The crude extracts contained variable quantities of phenolic content. The crude extracts and their fractions had weak to good antimicrobial activities, inhibiting the growth of the organisms at concentrations ranging from 39 to 2500 μg/ml. The BAG crude extract and its fractions were the most active against the fungi (MICs ranging from 39 to 625 μg/ml) while the BAB extract and its fractions were the least active with the MICs ranging between 39 and 2500 μg/ml. Aspergillus fumigatus was the least susceptible fungus while Cryptococcus neoformans was the most susceptible.The phenolic-rich crude extracts of BAB, BAG, and BAP had moderate to good dose-dependent cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme inhibitory activity with inhibitions between 22.8% and 71.4%. The extracts were however, inactive against cyclooxygenase-2. The extracts had some level of cytotoxicity towards Vero cell lines, reducing cell viability to less than 10% at concentrations more than 50 μg/ml.

Conclusion

The biological activities observed in Bauhinia species provide a scientific basis for the use of the plants in traditional medicines to treat diseases with multi-factorial pathogenesis such as diarrhoea, with each aspect of activity contributing to the ultimate therapeutic benefit of the plants. However, the use of the phenolic-rich extracts of these plants to treat diarrhoea or any other ailments in traditional medicine needs to be monitored closely because of potential toxic effects and selective inhibition of COX-1 with the associated GIT injury.