医院焦虑抑郁量表的信度及效度研究

目的探讨医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)的信度及效度。方法应用HADS、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对615例心血管疾病患者进行测查。采用同质性信度Cronbach'sα系数、重测信度两个指标检测量表的信度。应用HADS量表总分及焦虑、抑郁亚量表分与SAS、SDS的相关分析检验效标效度,应用探索性因子分析检验结构效度。结果 HADS总体、焦虑亚量表及抑郁亚量表的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.879、0.806、0.806,重测信度组内相关系数(ICC)分别为0.945、0.921、0.932(P<0.001)。效标效度检验显示,HADS总分与SAS、SDS总分相关系数分别为0.596、0.685,HADS焦虑亚量表分与SAS、SDS总分相关系数分别为0.552、0.601,HADS抑郁亚量表分与SAS、SDS总分相关系数分别为0.552、0.663,均呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,方差贡献率为61.415%。结论 HADS具有较好的信效度,可作为综合医院焦虑抑郁情绪的筛查工具。     

2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者焦虑、抑郁横断面调查与分析

目的：了解2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者焦虑、抑郁状况,分析其影响因素。方法：采用自行设计患者一般资料调查表和疾病相关资料调查表、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）对128例门诊及住院2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者的焦虑、抑郁状况进行横断面调查及分析。结果：2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别为58.6%和56.2%,焦虑、抑郁评分高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示BMI、是否接受过糖尿病及肥胖健康教育是其焦虑情绪的主要影响因素;BMI、糖尿病并发症情况是其抑郁情绪的主要影响因素。结论：2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者存在焦虑、抑郁心理障碍,其焦虑情绪主要受BMI、是否接受过糖尿病及肥胖健康教育影响;抑郁情绪主要受BMI、糖尿病并发症情况影响。医务人员应着重关注2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者的心理状态,加强糖尿病及肥胖健康教育,尤其是运动和饮食教育,进行积极的心理疏导,减轻其焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇焦虑及抑郁现状调查与分析

目的调查妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇焦虑和抑郁现状,探讨其相关因素及不良后果,为GDM孕妇焦虑和抑郁的防治提供理论依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）对95例GDM孕妇进行调查。结果GDM孕妇焦虑和抑郁发生率分别为47．4％和33．4％。焦虑情绪的孕妇筛查时血糖、空腹血糖、OGTT 0min血糖高于非焦虑孕妇;抑郁情绪的孕妇筛查血糖、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、OGTT 0min及120min血糖均高于非抑郁孕妇。结论存在焦虑抑郁的GDM孕妇血糖更高,代谢控制较差,负性情绪应受到高度关注,尽早采取较为有效的干预措施以避免不良妊娠结局的发生。     

骨肉瘤患者焦虑和抑郁情绪及影响因素

目的了解住院骨肉瘤患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生率,并分析其焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响因素。方法采用焦虑自测量表（sAs）和抑郁自测量表（sDs）对94例骨肉瘤住院患者进行焦虑、抑郁情况测评,并分析其影响因素的调查。结果94例骨肉瘤患者焦虑和抑郁情绪的发生率分别为27．7％和44．7％。焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表总标准分分别为（44．95±11．11）和（50．22±12．40）,均明显高于国内常模（33．80±5．90）,（41．85±10．57）分,差异有统计学意义（t分别为6．878,4．629;P〈O．01）;Logistic多因素回归分析表明性别、疾病分期及文化水平是骨肉瘤患者抑郁和焦虑情绪的危险因素。结论骨肉瘤患者易出现焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,对于焦虑、抑郁危险因素暴露者应及早予以心理干预、社会支持和必要的药物治疗。     

激励式护理对甲状腺癌手术患者焦虑、抑郁及生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的 系统评价激励式护理对甲状腺癌手术患者焦虑、抑郁及生活质量的影响。方法 通过Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、维普中文期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据库等数据库,检索自建库至2021年12月公开发表的关于激励式护理应用于甲状腺癌手术患者的随机对照试验,并采用Rev Man 5.4进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入20篇文献。激励式护理后焦虑自评量表（SAS）得分下降[MD=-7.21,95%CI(-7.83～-6.58),P<0.01],抑郁自评量表（SDS）得分下降[MD=-6.46,95%CI(-7.09～-5.83),P<0.01];激励式护理后生命质量测定量表（QLQ-C30）中生理功能得分提高[MD=7.69,95%CI(6.73～8.66),P<0.01],角色功能得分提高[MD=9.47,95%CI(8.82～10.11),P<0.01],情绪功能得分提高[MD=7.27,95%CI(6.21～8.32),P<0.01],社会功能得分提高[MD=7.95,95%...     

冠状动脉血管病变患者焦虑抑郁状况调查

目的：探讨冠状动脉血管病变患者的焦虑、抑郁状况,为临床干预提供依据。方法对98例冠状动脉血管病变患者采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表进行测评分析,并根据冠状动脉造影结果判定冠状动脉血管病变程度。结果本组冠状动脉血管病变患者焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率分别为30．6％和43．9％;女性患者焦虑自评量表总分显著高于男性患者（ P＜0．05）。本组冠状动脉粥样硬化16例,冠心病82例;冠心病患者抑郁情绪检出率显著高于冠状动脉粥样硬化患者（P＜0．01）;回归分析显示,抑郁、性别和焦虑是罹患冠心病的危险因素。结论本组冠状动脉血管病变患者焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率较高,焦虑、抑郁情绪是罹患冠心病的危险因素。     

术前访视对改善患者术前焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的 探讨手术室护士术前访视对改善患者术前焦虑抑郁情绪的效果.方法 将44例手术患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各22例.入院时分别测量医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)分值.对照组患者由病房护士进行常规术前指导,术日由手术室护士接入手术室;实验组在手术前1 d下午由手术室护士对其进行术前访视,手术时由访视护士接入手术室.两组患者在进入手术室后均再次测量HADS量表分值.结果 实验组和对照组在入院时HADS总分、焦虑、抑郁得分等方面无统计学意义(P>0.05);入手术室后两组之间HADS总分、焦虑得分、抑郁得分有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组患者入手术室时的HADS总分和焦虑、抑郁分值均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),对照组患者入手术室时的HADS总分和焦虑、抑郁分值与入院时无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 手术室护士的术前访视可明显改善手术患者的焦虑抑郁情绪.     

心理应激性失眠患者焦虑抑郁情绪分析

目的：分析心理应激性失眠患者焦虑抑郁情绪特征,为制定有效的治疗方案提供依据。方法：心理应激性失眠患者56例,均采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表、焦虑自评量表与抑郁自评量表评定。结果：56例患者各量表评分均明显高于我国常模（P〈0.05）,其中属于轻或中度焦虑与抑郁分别为54例与50例,焦虑与抑郁情绪严重程度比较差异无显著性意义（96.4%与89.3%）。结论：心理应激性失眠患者存在明显焦虑抑郁情绪。     

冠心病患者躯体化症状 焦虑和抑郁及其影响因素

目的 探讨冠心病患者躯体症状、焦虑、抑郁及其影响因素。方法 对500例冠心病患者采用躯体化症状自评量表、抑郁症筛查量表、广泛性焦虑自评量表评估患者躯体化症状、抑郁、焦虑症状,并分析躯体化症状与抑郁、焦虑的相关性;采用多元Logistic回归模型探讨其影响因素。结果 500例冠心病患者存在躯体化症状80例(16.00%),躯体化症状越严重,抑郁症筛查量表、广泛性焦虑自评量表评分越高(P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示,有躯体化症状冠心病患者躯体化症状自评量表评分与抑郁症筛查量表、广泛性焦虑自评量表评分存在显著正相关(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,有无躯体化症状冠心病患者在性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压、焦虑以及抑郁方面比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示：性别、年龄、吸烟、焦虑、抑郁与冠心病躯体化症状相关联(P<0.01)。结论 冠心病患者躯体症状以非特异性全身不适症状为主,且与抑郁、焦虑存在明显相关性。冠心病躯体症状影响因素包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、焦虑以及抑郁等,应对其予以有针对性的干预,改善其健康状况。     

重性精神病患者家属焦虑抑郁情绪影响因素调查

目的：探讨重性精神病患者家属焦虑抑郁情绪的相关影响因素。方法采用自拟一般家庭状况调查问卷、疾病家庭负担量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对265名重性精神病患者家属进行测评分析。结果本组患者家属焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表总分均显著高于中国常模（P＜0．01）。患者病前病后家庭经济状况、家庭年人均收入、患者治疗费用报销比例均与家属抑郁严重度指数、焦虑自评量表总分呈显著负相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）,患者病程、住院次数均与家属抑郁严重度指数、焦虑自评量表总分呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）;家属受教育年限与其焦虑自评量表总分呈显著负相关（P＜0．01）,患者病情不稳定程度、患者年均治病费用与家属焦虑自评量表总分呈显著正相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）。疾病家庭负担量表总分及各维度分与家属抑郁严重度指数、焦虑自评量表总分呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）。结论重性精神病患者家属存在有明显的焦虑抑郁情绪问题,疾病家庭负担,尤其是经济负担是影响家属焦虑抑郁情绪的主要因素。     

Diagnosis of anxiety and depression

The differential diagnosis of anxiety and depression is often difficult as symptoms of generalized anxiety, panic disorder, and depression frequently coexist.     

焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共病社会心理因素研究及护理

目的探讨焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共病在整体护理影响因素中的心理社会因素,旨在为焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁患者的整体护理有效实施提供可靠依据,对患者实施早期心理干预,改善患者心理状态,提高患者生存质量。方法利用生活事件量表（LES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）对61例患者进行调查评定,同时对60名医护人员作为正常对照组进行测评比较。结果抑郁组、焦虑组、共病组负性生活事件频度及生活事件总频度得分、社会支持得分、神经质得分均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;共病组社会支持分高于抑郁组,与焦虑组无差别;共病组存在家庭功能缺陷,但较抑郁组和焦虑组为轻;3组患者DSQ不成熟防御机制和中间型防御机制得分高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论抑郁、焦虑和焦虑抑郁一共病有着很多相似之处,都与心理社会因素有着密切的相关性,但又有各自的临床特点和表现形式,对抑郁、焦虑和焦虑抑郁共病在整体护理中心理社会因素实施护理干预提供了理论依据。     

Cognitive balance and specificity in anxiety and depression

States of mind (SOM) theory holds that distress is a function of the SOM ratio of (positive) to (positive+negative) thoughts. We investigated (a) whether symptoms of depression and anxiety would be uniquely associated with SOM ratios derived from theoretically depression-specific or anxiety-specific cognition measures, and (b) what is unhealthy about SOMs that are more positive than the theoretically optimal range. Study 1 involved the development of a measure of positive anxiety-related thoughts. Study 2 indicated that SOMs based on depression-related cognitions explained more variance in depressive symptoms than did SOMs based on anxiety-related cognitions. Specificity was less evident for anxiety-relevant thoughts. “Excessively” positive thinking was not found to be dysfunctional. These data were presented at the 26th annual convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, November 1992. This article is based on a thesis completed by the first author, under the supervision of the second author, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree at American University. We are grateful to thesis committee members Tony Ahrens and Jim Gray, as well as anonymous reviewers, for feedback on earlier versions.     

Spirituality mediates state anxiety but not trait anxiety and depression in alcohol recovery

Background and objectives: Twelve-step based interventions promote the recovery from alcohol dependence, support relapse prevention and are associated with improved mental status indices (e.g. depression). This treatment model largely relies on spiritual experience. We tested three different alcohol treatment settings, which differently involve elements of spirituality in order to reveal its possible mediator effect on the level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: Patients were involved from (1) detoxification (n?=?34), (2) long-term – 12-step based – therapeutic community treatment (n?=?89), (3) and from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups after at least 3 years of attendance (n?=?46). Anxiodepressive symptoms and spirituality/transcendence were compared and the potential mediator role of spirituality was assessed in the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: Long-term 12-step based rehabilitation and sustained AA attendance was connected to lower levels of anxiodepressive symptoms and to more pronounced spirituality. The spiritual component of the different treatments played a mediator role in the decrease of state anxiety but this mediation was not detected in the case of depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. Conclusions/Importance: The role of spirituality in the decrease of state anxiety indicates acute beneficial effect. Therefore, long term, regular attendance in AA groups is essential.     

Assessing anxiety and depression in parents of preterm infants

PurposeTo measure state and trait anxiety, as well as depression, among parents of preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).DesignA convenience sample of 200 parents of preterm infants (124 mothers and 76 fathers) hospitalized in two Greek pediatric hospital NICUs participated in the study.ResultsAmong the 200 participating parents, mothers (which constituted 62% of the total sample) experienced higher levels of state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression than the fathers (p = 0.04, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). State anxiety scores were also higher in individuals aged ≥40 years (p = 0.038). Other factors that contributed to higher levels of state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression included being unemployed, living in rural areas and having complications during pregnancy.ConclusionThe severity of state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression among parents of preterm infants hospitalized in NICUs is influenced by various socio-demographic factors and by clinical characteristics of the infants.     

Optimum number of sessions for depression and anxiety

AIM: To examine the relationship between the number of psychological treatment sessions completed by patients (1-5 sessions, 6-8 sessions, >8 sessions) and the change in self-rated depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). METHOD: Recording demographic characteristics and various clinical outcome measures for all referrals to the service and examining the relationship between changes in self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS: For depression, the study shows that having 6-8 sessions offers more benefit than 1-5 sessions. Having more than eight sessions does not confer any additional benefit. Indeed, there is little difference between 1-5 sessions and more than eight sessions for depression. For anxiety, symptoms appear to continue to improve with increasing numbers of treatment sessions. CONCLUSION: Beyond eight treatment sessions, there appears to be no additional improvement. This is not the case for anxiety, where continuing treatment sessions appear to reduce symptoms.