健康儿童载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂水平的影响

目的 研究我国健康儿童载脂蛋白 E(Apo E)基因多态性对血脂水平的影响.方法 261名健康儿童禁食12h,采静脉血.用 PCR-SSCP银染法检测 APO E基因多态性.用酶法或免疫比浊法测定7项脂质指标.结果Apo E等位基因ε_2、ε_3、ε_4的频率分别为6.32%、86.97%及 6.71%,无性别差异.APO ε_(4/3)基因型血TC、Apo B显著高于Apoε_(3/3)基因型,Apo ε_(3/2)基因型血 LDI.-C、Apo B显著低于Apoε_(3/3)基因型.结论 我国健康儿童Apo E基因多态性对血脂水平有明显影响,且与成人类似.携高脂血症易感基因Apoε_4的儿童应及早预防小儿成人病的发生.     

内蒙古包头市区肥胖儿童ApoE基因多态性及血脂水平

目的研究单纯性肥胖儿童ApoE基因多态性及血脂水平。方法检测来自本地区两所中学12～14岁60例肥胖儿童(60例对照)血脂,采用PCR限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析ApoE基因多态性。结果本实验共检出4种ApoE基因型,分别是E3/3、E3/2、E3/4、E2/4,未检出E2/2、E4/4型。肥胖组与对照组等位基因ε2、ε3、ε4频率分布不均,ε3发生频率最高。与健康组儿童比较,肥胖组儿童ε4等位基因发生频率增高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。肥胖组TC、TG、LDL-C水平由低到高依次为E2/X﹤E3/3﹤E4/X,HDL-C水平E2/X﹥E3/3,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。对照组TC水平差异同肥胖组,LDL-C水平E2/X﹤E3/3,TG、HDL-C水平差异无统计学意义。结论 ApoE基因多态性影响肥胖儿童血脂水平。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与冠心病发病的关系. 方法选择90例冠心病患者(CHD组)及90例非冠心病患者(对照组),应用聚合酶链反应法(PCR),HhaI内切酶消化法确定ApoE基因多态性. 结果共检测出5种基因型,分别是:E2/3、E3/3、E2/4、E3/4、E4/4.冠心病患者的E3/4基因型频率和ε4等位基因频率分别为21.1%和16.1%,明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);对照组ε4等位基因频率为5%,远低于西方人群. 结论 ApoE基因多态性同冠心病发病有关,E4等位基因是影响冠心病发病的重要遗传因素之一.     

瘦素抵抗与载脂蛋白E基因多态性对儿童血脂的影响

目的 探讨瘦素(leptin)及瘦素抵抗与载脂蛋白(apoprotein,Apo)E基因多态性对肥胖儿童脂质代谢的影响,为肥胖所致相关疾病提供早期预防措施.方法 选择2009年7月至2010年10月在本院门诊就诊、住院确诊及体检时发现的儿童肥胖症患儿99例(研究组)和健康儿童76例(对照组),年龄均为6～14岁.对研究组儿童,再根据瘦素水平分为瘦素抵抗型组 (>9.21 ng/mL,n=71)和瘦素敏感型(<9.21 ng/mL,n=28).对研究组和对照组儿童禁食12 h后抽取外周静脉血,测定血清血脂水平[总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC),甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)-C,低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)-C)].采用放射性免疫分析法测定血清瘦素水平.采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段多态性(polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定儿童载脂蛋白E基因型.测定两组儿童身高及体重,计算体重指数(body mass index,BMI).结果 与对照组儿童比较,研究组儿童存在血脂代谢紊乱及血清瘦素水平增高,72%肥胖症儿童存在瘦素抵抗.肥胖儿童中瘦素抵抗组血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白-C显著高于瘦素敏感组,高密度脂蛋白-C显著低于瘦素敏感组.本实验共检出4种载脂蛋白E基因型,分别为E3/3型,E4/3型,E2/3和E4/2型.与健康儿童比较,肥胖儿童ε4等位基因频率增高.携带ε4等位基因个体中,瘦素抵抗型个体与瘦素敏感型个体比较,具有较高的血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白-C浓度.非携带ε4个体中,瘦素抵抗型个体与瘦素敏感型个体比较,具有较高的血血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-C浓度,和较低的高密度脂蛋白-C浓度.携带ε4且瘦素抵抗型个体与非携带ε4且瘦素抵抗型个体比较,血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白-C浓度升高.结论 肥胖症儿童存在瘦素抵抗,其载脂蛋白E基因多态性存在变化,二者可明显影响血脂水平,临床上表现为携带ε4且瘦素抵抗型个体更易发生血脂代谢紊乱.     

中国毛南族人群载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

[目的]研究毛南族人群载脂蛋白(apo)E基因多态性及其与血脂水平的关系,为我国少数民族群体遗传学以及高脂血症、心脑血管疾病、老年性痴呆等慢性疾病的预防和发病机制研究提供基础资料。[方法]收集221例贵州省黔南州毛南族人群血样品,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)检测apoE2/E3/E4基因多态性。[结果]毛南族人群apoE2/2、E2/3、E2/4、E3/3、E3/4和E4/4基因型频率分别为:1.36%、12.22%、3.17%、64.71%、18.10%和0.45%;ε2、ε3、ε4等位基因的频率分别为:9.05%、79.86%、11.09%。与不同种族和国内不同民族人群比较,毛南族ε4等位基因频率处于中等水平;ε2等位基因频率与国内多数汉族和少数民族人群相似。与apoE2携带者(apoE2/2+E2/3+E2/4)比较,apoE3/3纯合子和apoE4携带者(apoE3/4+E4/4)有更高的血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及动脉硬化指数(P﹤0.001)。[结论]ApoE基因型和等位基因频率存在民族、种族差异。毛南族apoE2/E3/E4基因多态性与血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和动脉硬化指数相关联。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂的影响

[目的]探讨载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性对血脂的影响。[方法]采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法（PCR-RFLP），测定252名河南省汉族研究对象的血脂及ApoE基因型。[结果]ApoE基因型以E3／3型常见为77．0％，等位基因频率ε2、ε3和ε4分别为5．7％、87．1％和7．5％。在不同基因型组间，总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固酵（LDL-C）水平均按E3／4＋E4／4〉E3／3〉E2／2＋E2／3顺序递减（P〈0．05），甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平在各组间比较无差异（P〉0．05）。[结论]ApoE基因多态性影响血脂水平，ε4等位基因携带者有较高的TC，LDL-C水平（P〈0．05），ApoE基因多态性是个体间血脂水平差异的独立遗传因素。     

肥胖儿童脂质代谢及血压与ACE基因和ApoE基因多态性的相关研究

【目的】 探讨血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)基因和载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)基因多态性的分布及其多态性对健康和肥胖儿童的血压、脂质代谢影响。 【方法】 用PCR-RFLP及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法分析5~13岁的肥胖儿童(105例,男54人,女51人)及健康儿童(98例,男49人,女49人)ACE基因和ApoE基因的基因型,并测定两组儿童血清甘油三酯((TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)浓度、血压、身高和体重。 【结果】 肥胖儿童具有较高的D/D基因型频率、D等位基因频率及ε4等位基因频率。D/D型儿童与ε4等位基因携带儿童具有较高水平的血TG、TC、LDLC-C及收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、BMI和较低水平的血HDL-C。 【结论】 本地区健康及肥胖儿童ACE和ApoE基因存在多态性,且ACE和ApoE基因多态性对健康儿童及肥胖儿童的血脂代谢、体脂分布及血压均有影响。     

载脂蛋白E基因在胎儿生长受限母婴的分布

目的 探讨栽脂蛋白E基因在中国汉族人群胎儿生长受限母亲及新生儿中的多态性分布以及对母、耍血脂的影响.方法 采用等位基因特异性多重聚合酶链反应技术检测57例胎儿生长受限新生儿(A1组)和57例同期出生正常体重新生儿(A2组)脐血及其母亲(B1、B2组)外周静脉血载脂蛋白E基因多态性频率,同时检测血脂水平.结果 ①共检测到E2/3、E3/3、E3/4、E2/4共4种基因型,未发现E2/2和E4/4基因型.A1组新生儿栽脂蛋白E3/4基因型频率(17.5%)和E4等位基因频率(13.2%)显著高于其它3组(E3/4基因型X2分别为14.32、14.32、15.27,均P<0.05;E4等位基因:X2分别为12.23、15.44、20.16,均P<0.05);②A1组与A2组间,B1组与B2组间血脂水平比较差异无显著性.Bl、B2组血脂水平高于A1、A2组,差异有显著性(t=8.72～22.34,均P<0.05);③各组内E3/4基因型个体总胆固醇水平(t=7.33～11.26,均P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白水平均显著高于E2/3基因型个体(t=5.17-11.16,均P<0.05);④相关分析发现A1与B1组,A2与B2组间血脂水平无相关性.结论 胎儿生长受限新生儿E4等住基因频率增高.脐血血脂水平与妊娠母亲血脂水平无关,与载脂蛋白E基因多态性相关.新生儿中存在E4等位基因者发生高脂血症的风险增加.     

单纯性肥胖儿童载脂蛋白E基因多态性的频率分布及其对血脂的影响研究

【目的】 探讨单纯性肥胖儿童载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E, ApoE)基因多态性的频率分布及对其血脂谱水平的影响。 【方法】 采用基因测序方法对100例单纯性肥胖儿童及100例正常对照组儿童进行ApoE基因多态性测定,另外抽取空腹静脉血作甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL)、载脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein A, ApoA)、载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B, ApoB)检测,观察不同基因型和等位基因的分布情况,并与血脂的相关性进行分析。 【结果】 基因型E3/3频率分布最高,在70%之上,而含E3的杂合子(E2/3和E3/4)居中,二者之和超过20%,E2/2和E4/4表型的频率最低;与对照组比较,实验组肥胖儿童E2型等位基因有较高水平的TG(P＜0.05),E3型有较高的TG、TC、LDL水平和较低HDL、ApoA水平(P＜0.01),E4型有较高的TG、AopB水平和较低的HDL、ApoA水平(P＜0.05);肥胖组儿童中,与E3相比较,E4具有较高的TG、ApoB值和较低的HDL值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而E2具有较低的TC、LDL和ApoB水平,但是差异无统计学意义;携带不同等位基因的肥胖儿童的血脂异常率为E4＞E3＞E2(P＜0.01)。 【结论】 ApoE3/3是分布频率最高的基因型,ApoE4等位基因是血脂异常的风险基因之一,与肥胖儿童的血脂异常存在显著相关性。     

ApoE基因多态性与冠心病患者呼吸道感染的关联

目的 探究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与冠心病患者呼吸道感染的关联。方法 选取衡水市人民医院于2021年1月-2023年3月收治的125例冠心病患者为研究对象,根据呼吸道感染情况分为感染组48例、非感染组77例;分析呼吸道感染病原菌情况,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测ApoE基因多态性,比较两组患者ApoE基因多态性,采用Logistic回归分析法归纳冠心病患者呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果 48例感染患者共培养分离病原菌62株,其中革兰阳性菌22株,革兰阴性菌38株,真菌2株,以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和肺炎链球菌为主;ApoE基因存在3种等位基因ε2、ε3、ε4,共有6种基因型ε2/2、ε3/3、ε4/4、ε2/3、ε2/4、ε3/4,感染组的ε3/3基因型及ε3等位基因频率低于非感染组,而ε4/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率高于非感染组(均P<0.05);ApoE ε4携带者是冠心病患者呼吸道感染的危险因素,而ApoE ε3携带者是冠心病患者呼吸道感染的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 ApoE基因多态性与冠心病患者呼吸道感染存在相关性,其中ε4等位基因可能促进呼吸道感染...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.