可穿戴医疗/健康技术——生物医学工程的机遇和挑战

正本期刊载了8篇与可穿戴式设备相关的研究论文,涉及康复、生理、病理信息监测等,内容丰富、学术性强、应用前景显著。可穿戴设备,这里指的是可以直接穿戴在身上的便携式医疗或健康电子设备,在软件支持下感知、记录、分析、调控/干预甚至治疗疾病或维护健康状态。可穿戴健康设备可实现长时间动态监测,提供全面的临床诊断数据或健康信息,有利于寻找病因或感知健康状态,实现防病和早期治疗、提升诊疗水平、持续跟踪患者情况,或实现健康状态     

基于物联网和可穿戴技术的智能监护系统研发及其应用模式探索研究

可穿戴技术是一种低生理、心理负荷的监测技术,具有长时间连续监测的优点,代表了未来监护技术的一个发展方向。本文以穿戴式生理参数监测技术为基础,结合物联网和人工智能等技术,研发了基于物联网可穿戴技术的智能监护系统,包括可穿戴硬件、病区物联网平台、连续生理数据分析算法与软件三大部分。基于该系统,经过大量临床实践探索了连续生理数据的临床应用价值,给出了实时监护、病情评估、预测预警和康复训练四大价值方向;依托真实临床应用环境,探索了可穿戴技术在普通病房监护、心肺康复、院内-院外一体化监测等领域的应用模式。研究结果表明,本监护系统能够有效用于院内患者监护、心肺功能评估与训练以及院外患者管理。     

柔性可穿戴传感系统设计

人口老龄化及老年人慢性病患病率的增加,给家庭和社会带来了巨大的经济负担。新型非侵入式可穿戴传感系统不仅可以连续实时地监测人们的重要生理体征,评估个人健康状况,并且可以提供高效、便捷的信息反馈,从而减轻老年人慢性病带来的健康风险。本文围绕可穿戴生理信号及运动信号监测,开发了一套针对人体生理信号和行为信号检测的可穿戴系统,探索了柔性可穿戴传感技术的设计以及在传感系统中的应用。系统包含了智能帽、智能衣、智能手套和智能鞋垫,可实现对人体生理信号和运动信号的长程连续监测。文章对系统进行了性能验证,同时将新型传感系统和商用设备进行比较。评估结果表明,新型系统的性能与现有系统相当。总之,新型柔性传感系统为生理和运动信号监测提供了一种精准、可拆卸、可扩展、用户体验友好和舒适的解决方案,有望用于远程医疗监测,为医生/患者提供个性化信息监测、疾病预测和诊断。     

可穿戴式无线心电监测仪的研究现状

可穿戴式无线心电监测仪是一种新型的心电监护设备，其中蕴涵了大量新颖的设计理念。它的出现体现了家庭社区医疗的快速发展。文章重点介绍了可穿戴式无线心电监测仪的构造及其几项关键技术，如可穿戴技术、无线传输技术（第一步：蓝牙传输；第二步：GPRS传输）、GPS定位技术，总结了当前的主要研究结果和产品应用，以及可穿戴式医疗仪器在军事和家庭社区保健两个领域的发展方向。     

可穿戴技术的发展

从可穿戴技术的发展现状出发,讨论可穿戴技术的内涵与外延,回顾可穿戴技术发展的技术渊源与发展历史;从通信技术、芯片技术、传感器、柔性原件等几个方面,阐述可穿戴设备的关键技术;分析可穿戴设备的交互模式,介绍可穿戴设备中常用的操作系统;综述可穿戴设备的常见应用场景,指出可穿戴技术的发展方向。通过对可穿戴技术研究和应用中各个方面的系统论述,为可穿戴技术的研究提供一个基础框架。     

智能可穿戴设备在高原心脑疾病中的应用研究EI北大核心CSCD

可穿戴设备具有便携、实时、动态和连续等特点,在生理监测和疾病预防等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。将可穿戴设备推广至高原人群可能对预防高原心脑疾病具有一定优势。本文从高原环境对不同人群和实验动物心脑系统的影响、不同种类可穿戴设备的特点及应用与可穿戴设备在高原环境中的局限与挑战三方面综合阐释智能可穿戴设备在高原心脑疾病的应用研究,突出其应用价值,为预防高原疾病,保证生命健康提供实用的参考信息。     

电子皮肤在健康医疗及虚拟现实中的应用

电子皮肤由于其具有优异的传感特性、力学性能和生物相容性,近年来在健康监测、人机交互等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文从电子皮肤材料选择和结构设计出发,综述了当前电子皮肤在医疗装备领域的应用现状,特别是不同功能可穿戴传感器的发展现状和虚拟现实下电子皮肤在医疗场景的应用。最后本文对电子皮肤在可穿戴器件和医疗装备领域所面临的挑战和应对策略展开讨论,旨在助力电子皮肤的进一步发展。     

可穿戴式设备分类及其相关技术进展

可穿戴式设备是一种新型的人机交互方式,对提升用户的环境感知、获取自身状态和"无处不在"的计算能力起着不可替代的独特作用,自2013年以来,已经井喷式地出现在我们身边。文中对已经面世和文献报道过的大部分可穿戴式设备按照功能和佩戴位置进行了分类;对可穿戴式设备使用的传感技术、无线通信技术、电源管理技术、显示技术、大数据等相关技术进行了概述;最后对可穿戴式设备发展存在的挑战进行了剖析,并对可穿戴式设备的发展趋势进行了展望。     

穿戴式心电监测中的AI计算

心电监测在心血管疾病诊断、预防、康复中具有重要的临床价值。随着物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能（AI）等科技的快速发展,穿戴式心电正扮演着越来越重要的角色。伴随人口老龄化进程加剧,心血管病防治模式升级愈发紧迫,利用AI技术辅助临床解析长程心电进而提高心血管病早期检测和风险预警能力,成为智慧医疗领域的一个重要方向。穿戴式心电智能监测需要监测终端和云端的协同智能,同时医疗应用场景的明确有助于穿戴式心电监测的精准实施。本文首先总结了心电领域相关的AI技术研究和应用进展,然后通过三个案例阐述了穿戴式心电监测中AI计算如何与临床进行协同,最后探讨了心电AI研究的两个核心问题——AI技术的可靠性和价值,并展望了心电AI发展的机遇和未来挑战。     

数字化技术在临床诊断与治疗中的应用

数字化技术的应用提高了临床诊断的准确性与治疗的成功率,使医院管理更加高效、安全.本文基于数字化技术在临床诊疗方面的应用,对其在经验医学诊断、实验医学诊断、术前规划、术中导航及术后评估等方面进行了分析阐述.我们提出未来通过大数据、智能手机与可穿戴式传感器的配合使用,可以实时监测人们健康情况,为临床诊断与治疗提供经验数据....     

蓝牙低功耗可穿戴血氧监测设备的设计

设计一种基于蓝牙低功耗技术的可穿戴血氧饱和度监测设备,用于实时、连续检测人体血氧饱和度和脉率。主要工作包括设计实现耳夹式光电传感器、太阳能电池插接件以及蓝牙模块等核心部件。设备和硬件设计采用低功耗元件及模块,数据通过低功耗蓝牙技术传至手机App,软件设计优化数据发送策略,具有低功耗、可穿戴、稳定可靠等特点,适合户外运动或者缺氧性疾病的血氧监测。测试表明,设备蓝牙通信误码率最终控制为0,脉率精度高达98.0%,当模拟仪输出血氧饱和度大于75%时,设备的检测精度高达97.9%。此外,创新性地使用太阳能电池进行冗余供电,整机待机电流为11 μA,全功率工作时长为18 h以上,续航性能优于市面上主流的指夹式血氧仪。     

A review of current use of commercial wearable technology and smartphone apps with application in monitoring individuals following total hip replacement surgery

Abstract

The advent of commercially available wearable activity monitors and smartphone apps allows objective digital monitoring of daily activities of patients before and after THR surgery. A wide variety of wearable activity monitors and smartphone apps are being marketed to assist with enhancing physical activity following surgery. A systematic review of commercial wearable technology and smartphone apps was undertaken to assess the evidence supporting their efficacy in assisting rehabilitation and patient monitoring following THR. A search was conducted using the electronic databases including Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycARTICLES and PubMed of studies from January 2000 to January 2019. Five studies met the eligibility criteria. A review of the studies found very little evidence to support long term efficacy of the technology in enhancing rehabilitation and patient monitoring post THR. Future work is required to establish which commercially available monitoring technology is most valuable to patients, which ones improve clinical outcomes post THR, and what are the best economical models for their deployment.     

A comprehensive survey of wearable and wireless ECG monitoring systems for older adults

Wearable health monitoring is an emerging technology for continuous monitoring of vital signs including the electrocardiogram (ECG). This signal is widely adopted to diagnose and assess major health risks and chronic cardiac diseases. This paper focuses on reviewing wearable ECG monitoring systems in the form of wireless, mobile and remote technologies related to older adults. Furthermore, the efficiency, user acceptability, strategies and recommendations on improving current ECG monitoring systems with an overview of the design and modelling are presented. In this paper, over 120 ECG monitoring systems were reviewed and classified into smart wearable, wireless, mobile ECG monitoring systems with related signal processing algorithms. The results of the review suggest that most research in wearable ECG monitoring systems focus on the older adults and this technology has been adopted in aged care facilitates. Moreover, it is shown that how mobile telemedicine systems have evolved and how advances in wearable wireless textile-based systems could ensure better quality of healthcare delivery. The main drawbacks of deployed ECG monitoring systems including imposed limitations on patients, short battery life, lack of user acceptability and medical professional’s feedback, and lack of security and privacy of essential data have been also discussed.     

Clinical translation of biomedical sensors for sports medicine

The digital health field has seen a surge in product development over the last decade, with product introductions ranging from wrist monitors, epidermal electronics, electronic pills and smart garments, much of these precipitated through the commercialisation and commoditisation of sensor technology. The emergence of wearable technology has recently garnered heightened interest by physicians and the general public. The convenient use of wireless technology to track and monitor physiological parameters, such as heart rate, distance, sleep and stress, has emerged to become relevant to patient care and human performance assessment. However, collecting data is not enough to inform clinical decision-making. It is essential to translate the acquired data into information relevant to clinicians. Our experiences tell us that team competencies must mirror the interdisciplinary technology itself. Thus, an interdisciplinary team blending expertise from engineering, medicine, and nursing is believed to be essential in translating wearable technology into the field. This review discusses the application of wearable sensors to monitor human performance assessment in domains necessitating accurate, reliable, and timely transmission of acquired bio-metric and bio-vital data. A key result disseminating from our investigations is the need to develop predictive models based off of the data acquired from wearable devices to necessitate the development of athlete-centred treatment plans to expedite the return-to-play time and to maximise performance.     

可穿戴式持续葡萄糖监测设备的研究现状

糖尿病已经成为当今世界的主要死因之一。虽然目前还没有治愈糖尿病的方法,但是可靠持续的葡萄糖监测结合有效的药物治疗,可以缓解症状、减少并发症以及提高治疗的效率。为了即时护理以及及时治疗,防止突发状况,持续葡萄糖监测设备便应运而生。本文首先简要介绍可穿戴式持续葡萄糖监测设备及其分类;其次介绍基于不同体液的无创的可穿戴式持续葡萄糖监测技术及其优点和缺点;最后概述可穿戴式持续葡萄糖监测技术设备的研究现状与前景。     

一种可穿戴式心电图动态监护系统

介绍一种基于柔性电极可穿戴心电监护系统的软硬件设计方案,主要解决现阶段心电监护系统中存在的高成本、高耗能、心电图信号连续性差等问题。同时在电极设计上采用银纤维布料的方法,消除一次性AgCl/Ag湿电极在可穿戴心电系统中无法长期佩戴的弊端。经志愿者测试验证分析,系统有着较高的稳定性和实用性,对可穿戴心电监护体系的发展有实际应用推广价值。     

穿戴式随行监护系统心电信号质量评价研究

穿戴式生理参数监测技术是一种新型的生理监护技术,代表未来监护技术的发展方向,但该类技术应用于临床尚有许多问题亟待解决。本文针对自主研发的穿戴式随行监护系统(SensEcho-5B)的心电信号质量评价问题开展了探索性研究。首先基于模板匹配法开发出一种心电信号质量评价算法,用于心电信号的自动、定量评价,在100名受试者(15名健康人和85名心血管疾病患者)随机抽取的100 h心电信号数据集上进行了算法性能测试。在此基础上使用SensEcho-5B与心电Holter同步采集了30名受试者(7名健康人和23名心血管疾病患者)的24 h心电数据,使用心电信号质量评价算法对两个系统同步记录的心电信号质量进行评价。算法性能测试结果:敏感度为100%,特异度为99.51%,准确率为99.99%。30名受试者的对照试验结果:SensEcho-5B所检测到的心电信号,信号质量较差时间的中位数(Q1,Q3)为8.93(0.84,32.53)min,Holter所检测到的心电信号,信号质量较差时间的中位数(Q1,Q3)为14.75(4.39,35.98)min(秩和检验P=0.133)。研究结果表明,本文提出的心电信号质量评价算法能够对穿戴式随行监护系统的心电信号质量进行有效评价;随行监护系统SensEcho-5B与对照Holter相比,心电信号质量相当。后续研究将进一步在真实临床环境中采集大样本量的随行监护生理数据,并对心电信号质量进行分析和评价,从而使监护系统的性能得到持续优化。     

基于J2ME的多参数智能手机监护界面的设计

目的:本文采用J2ME技术设计一种穿戴式多参数智能手机监护界面.方法:系统在Wireless Toolkit模拟环境下进行了仿真实验,并结合穿戴式检测技术和GPRS技术实现多生理参数的远程监护.结果:系统可以实时检测心电、心率、血压、体温以及血氧饱和度,具有数据分析、异常报警等功能.最后将参数传至智能手持设备,并能与医疗服务中心站建立远程通信.结论:实验结果表明系统具有移植性强、简单易用、响应速度快等优点.本系统有望实现3G时代下的重大医疗应用并为远程医疗的进一步研究提供基础.     

非接触式生命体征监测技术临床应用研究进展

非接触式监测技术克服了传统的穿戴式监测技术引起的人体不适和不便,在不干扰人体感受、不影响生活质量的前提下对生命体征进行连续监测。本文着重介绍以基于加速度传感的心冲击描记法、基于光纤传感的BCG、基于无线电波（或多普勒雷达）的BCG心率呼吸监测、非接触式电容心电、红外热成像法、磁阻抗监控为主的五种监测技术在临床应用的研究进展,并对这些非接触式监测技术进行比较分析,总结出非接触式监测技术的发展趋势,以期为非接触式生命体征监测技术在临床以及日常生活健康监测应用提供借鉴和参考。     

Engineering Aspects of Incidence,Prevalence, and Management of Osteoarthritis: A Review

The knee is the biggest and complicated lower extremity joint that supports mobility and the entire weight of the human body and lies between the hip joint and ankle joint. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the knee among various musculoskeletal disorders globally, with an age-associated increase in incidence and prevalence. Health monitoring of the knee joints in daily life, and early OA diagnosis is challenging and draws attention to the various methods of diagnosis for this irreversible disease. In this review, electronic databases have been searched from inception for a detailed study about knee OA and its management. It focuses on various sensor technologies and different semi-invasive and non-invasive diagnosis methods with their limitations. In the last decade, various researchers have engrossed their attention to the potential of piezoelectric-based acoustic sensors to fabricate a wearable device for OA and its management. A sensor-based wearable device using vibroarthrography as a tool can be an appropriate solution for early-stage disease detection. We firmly believe that wearable technology for the detection of OA in daily life activities will play a significant role in managing this disease and help to reduce the chances of total knee replacements.