基于VRS-C^2R的DEA模型对广东省某16所中医院的效率评价北大核心CSCD

目的分析2012年广东省某16所中医医院卫生资源、人力资源、医院财务和医疗卫生服务存在的问题和影响因素,对该16所中医医院的效率进行实证研究。方法以该16所中医医院的卫生资源配置、人力资源管理、医疗卫生服务和医院财务、运行经营等基本因素作为评价医院效率的投入与产出指标,建立DEA的VRS-C2R模型。结果 9所中医医院的效率为DEA有效;4所中医医院的效率为DEA弱有效;3所中医医院的效率为DEA无效。结论医院效率各项指标要实现在有效生产前沿面上的投影,可通过适当调节投入,达到DEA有效。     

我国医疗卫生体系技术效率影响因素研究：基于随机前沿距离函数模型

运用随机前沿产出距离函数模型及一阶段估计法,对2002-2009年我国大陆31个省份的医疗卫生体系技术效率及其影响因素进行了研究.估计结果表明,我国及各区域医疗卫生体系平均技术效率均呈现先下降后上升趋势;且各区域的效率值差异显著.对我国医疗卫生效率影响因素的进一步分析发现,营利性医疗机构比例对我国医疗卫生效率有积极影响;而药品收入比例、三级医院比例、财政卫生支出比例有消极影响;卫技人员比例影响不明显.     

基于VRS-C~2R的DEA模型对广东省某16所中医院的效率评价

目的分析2012年广东省某16所中医医院卫生资源、人力资源、医院财务和医疗卫生服务存在的问题和影响因素,对该16所中医医院的效率进行实证研究。方法以该16所中医医院的卫生资源配置、人力资源管理、医疗卫生服务和医院财务、运行经营等基本因素作为评价医院效率的投入与产出指标,建立DEA的VRS-C2R模型。结果 9所中医医院的效率为DEA有效;4所中医医院的效率为DEA弱有效;3所中医医院的效率为DEA无效。结论医院效率各项指标要实现在有效生产前沿面上的投影,可通过适当调节投入,达到DEA有效。     

我国政府卫生投入效率研究

以我国18个省市的政府卫生投入作为决策单元,分别从经费投入、人员投入和资本投入3个方面选择投入指标,从医疗卫生机构的服务效率与服务数量两个方面选择产出指标,应用数据包络分析方法研究我国政府卫生投入效率,进而对我国政府卫生投入产出情况进行分析。结果表明,整体上我国政府卫生投入效率较高,但是有的省市实际投入较少,还有一些省市存在一定的资源浪费和资源配置不尽合理等情况,可以通过有针对性地增加政府卫生投入,优化资源配置,提高医疗卫生服务的质量等措施,提高我国的医疗卫生水平。     

基于数据包络分析的基层医疗卫生资源配置效率分析

目的 对我国31个省市自治区的基层医疗卫生资源配置进行数据包络分析,提出加强我国基层医疗卫生服务资源配置的改进措施及建议,进一步提高基层医疗卫生服务效率。方法 选取3个投入指标(机构数、床位数、人员数)与2个产出指标(诊疗人次、入院人数),资料来源于公开统计年鉴。利用DEA-BCC模型对2020年我国31个省市自治区的数据进行静态分析,利用Malmquist指数对2011—2020年的数据进行动态分析。结果 2020年基层医疗卫生资源配置综合技术效率的均值为0.738,15个省份DEA无效,存在投入冗余;2011—2020年基层医疗卫生资源配置全要素生产率均值为0.970,各年在1上下波动。结论 资源配置效率水平整体不高,资源配置效率水平不稳定,地区间资源配置不均衡,部分地区投入冗余现象明显。     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数模型的政府医疗卫生投入绩效分析研究

目的:评价全国2010—2017年政府医疗卫生投入绩效,分析东部、中部、西部投入产出效率的差异性,为提升我国医疗卫生资源配置效率提供科学依据。方法:基于《中国统计年鉴》《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》中有关医疗卫生投入和产出的相关面板数据,利用DEA-Malmquist指数模型分析2010—2017年我国政府医疗卫生投入变化趋势以及投入产出效率。结果:全国政府医疗卫生投入绩效整体较低,东部地区医疗资源配置效率高于中部,西部最低,且不同地区间存在较大差异。结论:政府应因地制宜,合理规划医疗资源配置,尤其要加大对中部与西部地区的扶持力度,提高政府医疗卫生投入绩效水平。     

卫生投入、技术效率与健康绩效：基于SFA法对卫生投入效率的测算

目的:为了更好的支持我国卫生资源分配,方法:文章根据2005—2010年有关我国居民健康、卫生资源和市场化指数相关数据资料,利用随机前沿分析和固定效应面板数据分析方法,通过测量各省市技术效率变化趋势得出相关结论,结果与结论:(1)各省市之间技术效率分布不均匀且普遍偏低;(2)技术效率在各区域之间的变化趋势存在明显差异;(3)政府对医疗卫生领域的投入应继续向中西部地区倾斜。     

我国省域医疗卫生服务供给效率及影响因素分析

目的分析2011—2020年我国31个省份的医疗卫生服务供给效率及影响因素, 为合理配置医疗卫生资源, 提高服务效率提供参考。方法从《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》《中国社会统计年鉴》中获取2011—2020年我国医疗卫生服务投入产出相关指标数据, 采用数据包络分析法测算我国医疗卫生服务供给静态效率, 采用Malmquist指数法分析我国医疗卫生服务供给动态效率, 采用Tobit模型分析效率影响因素。结果 2020年, 天津、上海和浙江等15个省份的医疗卫生服务供给综合效率=1.000, 且规模收益不变;黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古等16个省份医疗卫生服务供给综合效率<1.000, 其中, 15个省份规模收益递减, 1个省份规模收益递增。2011—2020年我国医疗卫生服务供给的全要素生产效率指数从0.988上升至1.036。万人口大专及以上学历人数、床位使用率、人口密度、资产负债率和平均住院日影响医疗卫生服务供给效率(P<0.05)。结论近年来, 我国医疗卫生服务供给效率呈增长趋势, 存在地区差异性, 且受多重因素影响。应当进一步缩小我国医疗卫生服务供给效率的地区差异, ...     

政府卫生支出健康效率测算及分析

目的：测算和分析中国1990年、2000年和2010年政府卫生支出的健康效率及其影响因素。方法：运用DEA和Tobit测算政府卫生支出的健康效率,评估效率值的影响因素。结果：政府卫生支出的健康生产效率在波动中有所提高,不同年度处于前沿面的省份基本一致,远离前沿面的省份存在较大差别;该效率在各区域间的差异较显著,东部地区政府卫生支出的健康生产效率高于中、西部地区;财政分权与政府卫生支出健康效率存在显著负相关关系。结论：财政分权制度的改革与完善是提高政府卫生支出健康效率的重要途径。     

基于供给侧视角下我国区域卫生资源配置效率研究

[目的]在供给侧改革的背景下,对全国31个省份卫生资源配置情况进行科学评价,分析目前我国区域医疗卫生供给效率的情况,并对其影响因素进行讨论,提出提高卫生配置效率,完善医疗卫生供给侧改革的建议。[方法]利用三阶段DEA模型对我国2013-2016年31个省份医疗卫生配置效率进行研究,并分析影响卫生资源配置效率的社会、经济及人口等环境因素。[结果](1)调整后各地区综合效率值变化较大,说明环境因素对卫生资源配置效率有较大影响,主要受到地区GDP、地区人口数、城镇人口比例和抚养比等因素的影响。(2)剔除环境因素和随机因素的干扰之后,我国2013-2016年平均卫生资源配置效率分别为0. 545、0. 570、0. 574、0. 572。(3)我国区域间医疗卫生供给情况差距较大,其中东部地区效率值最高,西部地区次之,中部地区最低。[结论]目前我国整体卫生资源配置效率较低,政府应通过积极推行分级诊疗制度、增加技术与人才的投入,提高医疗卫生供给效率;应结合地区实际情况,充分考虑环境因素的影响,合理规划卫生资源。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.