细胞毒抗癌药物肾脏毒性研究现状

细胞毒化学药物治疗(化疗)是癌症主要治疗手段之一，在提高癌症患者治愈率和改善生存质量的同时，不可避免地会产生许多毒副作用，如肾毒性、心脏毒性、骨髓毒性等。如何防治毒副作用的发生发展，是肿瘤内科治疗的重要研究课题之一。现将近年来对细胞毒抗癌药物所致肾脏毒性的防治概况作一简要回顾。……     

抗癌细胞细胞免疫反应的数学分析

作者已经描述过 T 细胞和巨噬细胞相互作用的数学模式。在作者的模式中,有两种不同类型的细胞毒性效应细胞消除瘤细胞,即细胞毒 T 淋巴细胞(CTL)和细胞毒巨噬细胞。CTL 依据对存在于有活力的瘤细胞表面的抗原决定簇的识别而产生。细胞毒巨噬细胞的产生,由于受到辅助 T 细胞衍生的淋巴因子的激     

抗肿瘤细胞毒药物所致心脏毒性发生机制及处理对策

本详尽地阐述了抗肿瘤细胞毒药物发生心脏毒性的类型、相关因素、主要机制及其预防治疗对策，并认为预防心脏毒性发生是其关键，这对肿瘤内科合理使用细胞毒药物有一定的参考意义。     

红细胞与LAK细胞共培养上清对Raji细胞的细胞毒作用

目的 研究人红细胞(RBC)对LAK细胞杀伤活性的影响及RBC及LAK细胞共培养上清(R—LAK—S)对Raji细胞的细胞毒作用。方法 采用MTT比色法测定LAK细胞的杀伤活性和R—LAK—S的细胞毒性。结果 不同浓度的RBC对LAK细胞的杀伤活性都有促进作用(P<0.01),随着RBC浓度的增加,其促进作用加强。不同RBC:PBMC比例的R—LAK—S对Raji细胞均有细胞毒性,且随RBC浓度的增加以及与Raji细胞作用时间的延长,其对Raji细胞的细胞毒也增强。结论 人RBC能增强LAK细胞的杀伤活性,R—LAK—S对Raji细胞有细胞毒性。     

廿二碳六烯酸脂质过氧化作用对阿霉素细胞毒活性的影响

目的：探讨廿二碳六烯酸（DHA）影响阿霉素（ADM）细胞毒活性的机理是否通过DHA的脂质过氧化作用。方法：在培养的人乳腺癌MDA－MB－435s细胞株中加入不同配伍的细胞毒药物,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs),前氧化剂VitC和Vit K3混合物及抗氧化剂VitE等,在细胞的抽提物中以TBA法每24小时测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）及用亚硝酸盐分光光度法测定一氧化氮（NO）的含量,并作出MDA,NO含量与细胞毒性间的剂量一效应相关直线。结果：从细胞培养的第三天开始,出现明显的细胞活力变化,同时伴有脂质过氧化物MDA水平的增加及NO含量的降低,细胞抽提物中MDA及NO含量与细胞毒性之间存在直线相关关系。结论：DHA能明显增加ADM对MDA－MB－435s细胞株的细胞毒活性,机理之一是DHA增强了瘤细胞内的脂质过氧化作用。     

DHA在人乳腺癌中对阿霉素细胞毒活性的影响与脂质过氧化作用的关系

目的　探讨廿二碳六烯酸 (DHA)影响阿霉素 (ADM)对人乳腺癌DMA MB 435s细胞毒活性的机理是否通过DHA的脂质过氧化作用。方法　在培养的人乳腺癌DMA MB 435s细胞株中加入不同配伍的细胞毒药物、多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFAs)、前氧化剂VitC和VitK3混合物及抗氧化剂VitE等 ,在细胞的抽提物中以TBA法每 2 4小时测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)及用亚硝酸盐分光光度法测定一氧化氮 (NO)的含量 ,并作出MDA、NO含量与细胞毒性间的剂量 -效应相关直线。结果　从细胞培养的第三天开始 ,出现明显的细胞活力变化 ,同时伴有脂质过氧化物 (MDA)水平的增加及NO含量的降低。细胞抽提物中MDA及NO含量与细胞毒性之间存在直线相关关系。结论　DHA能明显增加ADM对MDA MB 435s细胞株的细胞毒活性 ,机理之一是DHA增强了瘤细胞内的脂质过氧化作用。     

含细胞毒药物的白蛋白微粒:一种局部化疗的新方法

由于全身用细胞毒药物对许多实体肿瘤的疗效令人失望,故已逐渐实行局部化疗。在增加荷瘤部位药物浓度的前提下,局部化疗能降低药物血清水平,从而使全身毒性减至最低限度。近年,局部化疗已发展为放射性微粒或生     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子及其与阿霉素联合抗人肝癌的实验研究

本研究采用体外细胞毒方法（ＭＴＴ）检测了重组人肿瘤坏死因子（ｒＨＴＮＦ）和）（或）阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）对肝癌细胞株Ｓ ＭＭＣ－７７２１及Ｂ ＭＭＣ７７２１及Ｂｅｌ－７４０２的细胞毒效应。结果表明：ｒＨＴＮＦ＇ＡＤＭ对两肝癌细胞株的毒性有明显差异，ｒＨＴＮＦ与ＡＤＭ联合应用的体外细胞毒试验显示良好的协同增强效应，在此基础上，选用ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞株进行棵鼠移植瘤试验，观察ｒＨＴＮＦ与ＡＤＭ联合应用的     

柔毛霉素和阿霉素:有关抗肿瘤作用和心脏毒性的假说

柔毛霉素和阿霉素是对不同恶性肿瘤有效的药物,但两者不仅产生胃炎、脱发和骨髓抑制,而且产生严重的不可逆的心脏毒性。新近报导了柔毛霉素、阿霉素及其7个衍生物的细胞毒作用,抗病毒和抗     

各种抗癌疗法对肺癌息者淋巴细胞的细胞毒性作用

作者用微量细胞毒试验检查了193名肺癌病人在抗癌治疗前和在肿瘤切除、放疗、化疗、免疫疗法后淋巴细胞对同种异体支气管鳞状细胞癌靶细胞的细胞毒性作用。未经抗癌治疗的病人淋巴细胞的细胞毒性:75名治疗前的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病人的平均细胞毒性分别为49.9％,45.2％,40.0％,22.5％。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期之间在统计学上无明显差别,但Ⅳ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期之间的差别明显。与无恶性瘤的对照组(细胞毒性为32.1％)相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病人的细胞毒性较大,而Ⅳ期病人的则较小。     

人胃腺癌组织的自体荧光光谱特性

目的：探讨人胃腺癌组织的自体荧光光谱特性。方法：测定26例胃腺癌标本肿瘤及非肿瘤区域的组织自体荧光光谱。结果：人胃腺癌组织自体荧光光谱与非肿瘤胃壁组织自体荧光光谱明显不同，人胃腺癌组织自体荧光光谱的峰值明显低于非肿瘤胃壁组织；用波长为360nm、390nm激光激发的人胃腺癌组织自体荧光光谱出现双峰。结论：用激光激发的自体荧光光谱可有效识别人胃腺癌组织与非肿瘤胃壁组织。     

Allelic instability as a predictor of survival in Egyptian breast cancer patients.

This work was designed with the purpose of determining whether the presence of allelic imbalances (AI) such as microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosomes 2, 11, 13, and 17 in primary breast cancer could be used as prognostic indicators of patient survival. The DNA from breast cancers removed from 29 patients who were followed-up for up to five years was analyzed for MSI and LOH using a panel of 24 markers located at chromosome 2 (TPO, D2S131, D2S144, D2S171, D2S177, D2S119, D2S123, D2S147 and D2S136), chromosome 11 (C-RAS, Int-2, D11S940, D11S912), chromosome 13 (D13S289, D13S260, D13S267, D13S218, D13S263, D13S155, and D13S162), and chromosome 17 (D17S513, TP53, D17S855, and D17S785). The frequency of AI in the markers studied ranged from 30-55%, being highest for D11S912, D2S171, TP53 and D17S855. Univariate analysis showed association between overall survival rate and AI in 9 out of the 24 markers tested. Five of them were located at the area of the mismatch repair gene (MMR)-2 gene, two at 11p, one at 13q and one at 17p. Using multivariate analysis, it was observed that only pathological and clinical stage (defined as stage II or not) and AI at D2S171, D11S912, or D17STP53 generated significant predictive models for survival.     

A comparison of in vivo and in vitro 31P NMR spectra from human breast tumours: variations in phospholipid metabolism

An in vivo 31P NMR spectrum was obtained from each of four human breast tumours. The phosphomonoester and phosphodiester region of each spectrum consisted of a broad peak. Chemical extracts from samples of each of the tumours obtained at resection were examined on a high field strength NMR system. The phosphomonoester region in the spectrum from each extract resolved into three peaks consisting of phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine and a nucleoside monophosphate. The phosphodiester region resolved into two components, glycerophosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylethanolamine. Comparing the in vivo and in vitro data from each tumour showed that the contribution of phosphodiester was much lower in the in vitro spectra. We believe this to be a consequence of phospholipid, which would not appear in the aqueous extract, contributing to the phosphodiester peak in vivo.     

大肠癌体内激光诱发荧光光谱分析

目的 研究体内大肠癌、腺瘤性息肉、慢性炎症与正常组织的激光诱发荧光（ＬＩＦ）光谱，重点探讨癌前病变的特征性光谱规律。方法 将与氮分子激光器（激发波长３３７ｎｍ）耦合的光纤经纤维结肠镜活检孔插入，激光由光纤导入，分别检测８３例患体内病变组织（包括大肠癌３９例，腺瘤性息肉３３例，慢性炎症２３例）与正常组织的ＬＩＦ光谱，所得光谱由同根光纤导出，由ＯＭＡ Ⅲ进行记录、分析处理。结果 癌与正常组织的光谱强     

CDK1在紫外线诱导的细胞凋亡中重要作用的研究

Objective:To find out whether CDK1 could appear the important role in the cell apoptosis that induced by ultra-violet ray. Methods:We constructed two kinds of plasmids, one can expressed CDK1 but mutated the fifth amino acid (group A) and the other can effectively silence the expression of CDK1 (group B). When we transfected these plasmids into the 293 cells and at the same time following ultraviolet radiation, we detected the difference of two group cells' apoptosis ratio by sub-G1 peak assay and want to clarify the mechanism by Western blot assay. Results:Two kinds of plasmids could effectively express in 293 cells. The apoptosis ratio of group A was higher than the group B (P < 0.01). And the apoptosis ratio of group B was lower than the group C (P < 0.01). Compared with group A and C, the expression of BCl2 of group B was significantly reduced. Conclusion:CDK1 may take a very important role in the programmed cell death.     

Vitamin D3 from sunlight may improve the prognosis of breast-, colon- and prostate cancer (Norway)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prognosis of breast-, colon- and prostate cancer may be related to vitamin D(3), induced from solar ultra-violet (UV) radiation, through studies on geographical and seasonal variations in UV radiation. METHODS: This study includes 115,096 cases of breast-, colon- or prostate cancer, diagnosed between 1964 and 1992. Among these, 45,667 deaths due to the cancer were registered. On the basis of a north-south gradient in solar UV radiation and geographical climatic differences, Norway was divided into eight residential regions. According to seasonal variations in UV radiation, four periods of diagnosis during the year were used. Case fatality according to residential region and to season of diagnosis was estimated using Cox regression. The effects of occupational sun exposure, childbearing pattern and educational level were also evaluated. RESULTS: No geographic variation in case fatality was observed for the three cancer types studied. A significant variation in prognosis by season of diagnosis was observed. Diagnoses during summer and fall, the seasons with the highest level of vitamin D(3), revealed the lowest risk of cancer death. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a high level of vitamin D(3) at the time of diagnosis, and thus, during cancer treatment, may improve prognosis of the three cancer types studied.     

Indications of future decreasing trends in skin-melanoma mortality among whites in the United States

Trends in skin melanoma death rates during a 35-year period, 1950-84, were analyzed according to age, sex, and birth cohort for whites in the United States. In contrast to upward trends observed for older men and women (i.e., over 40), downward trends were noted for younger age groups. The risk of dying from skin melanoma appears to have peaked for male cohorts born during the 1950s and for female cohorts born during the 1930s. Assuming no future environmental or lifestyle changes, the upward trend in age-adjusted mortality rates, which averaged 2 to 3% per annum since 1950, is projected to discontinue and bend downward by the second decade of the 21st century. Skin melanoma incidence data, which was limited to a series of 12 years (1973-84) and inadequate for cohort analyses, were included to demonstrate that trends in age-specific rates were comparable with those observed for mortality during the overlapping time period. Incidence trends according to anatomical site are also described. These results indicate that baseline data necessary for assessing the potential effects on this disease from future depletions of the ozone layer, and predicted increases of solar ultra-violet radiation exposure, would be improved with the inclusion of cohort data and age-specific trend analyses.     

Epidemiology of pre-invasive and invasive malignant melanoma in Western Australia

The annual incidence rates of melanoma in Western Australia in 1975 and 1976 were estimated, by reference to hospital and pathology records. They were 4.4/ 100,000 in males and 6.2/100,000 in females for pre-invasive lesions and 18.6/100,000 and 18.8/100,000 for invasive lesions. Rates specific to particular body sites showed two distinct patterns of change with age - a progressive rise beginning about age 40 years (shown by Hutchinson's melanotic freckle and invasive melanoma of the head and neck) and an early rise beginning about age 20 years with a peak in middle-life and subsequent stabilization or decline (shown by superficial spreading melanoma, non-invasive and invasive melanoma of the lower limbs and, less typically, trunk and upper limbs). Incidence rates were highest in native-born Australians and higher in immigrants of British origin than in other immigrants. The rates in British immigrants were more than double those in the British Isles. The incidence was highest in residents of high social class areas, and in in-door rather than outdoor workers. Rates were also highest in the capital city, Perth, and the south-west corner of the State, rather than in the north where exposure of the population to ultra-violet light might be expected to be highest. In most of these respects the patterns for pre-invasive and invasive lesions were similar. Aspects of these data are inconsistent with the solar hypothesis of melanoma aetiology. It is suggested, however, that some of these inconsistencies may be explained if intermittent, intense exposure to the sun were more relevant to the aetiology of melanoma than continuous exposure.     

Throat swab culture & sensitivity reports — an overview

305 throat swab culture & sensitivity reports were reviewed from the records of Microbiology department of Shri V.N. Govt. Medical College, Yavutmal. 130 reports were showiβg, growth of pathogenic organisms. Out of this, 771 eports were showing coagulase positive staphylococci; 32 were showing group A b haemolytic streptococci. A bimodal peak of pathogenic organism growth was observed in the month of March and from August to October. Analysis of culture and sensitivity reports, showed that amongst many, erythromycin - a time tested, comparatively cheap and reliable drug - has very good sensitivity spectrum. Cefotaxime, tetracyline, penicillin and gentamicin were also found to be useful. Emerging resistance to some newer antibiotics is a matter of concern and hence authors advocate the formulation of effective antibiotic policy at the national and loco- regional levels.     

Corrigenda

Carcinogenesis, 2, 909–914, 1981 p. 912, Table I, the names of two compounds have been interchanged,methylethylnitrosamine should be read for diethylnitrosamine,and vice versa. The numbers and symbols following them are inthe correct place.