上消化道出血患者的护理体会

目的 归纳上消化道出血的病因,探索上消化道出血患者的有效护理方法和护理途径.方法 对99例上消化道出血患者的内科护理工作进行回顾性分析.结果 通过密切监视、及时给药、做好饮食、心理护理,99例患者取得了良好的护理和治疗效果.结论 上消化道出血患者整个治疗过程中,临床护理观察是临床诊断治疗的科学根据.     

浅谈上消化道出血患者的内科护理

目的归纳上消化道出血的病因,探索上消化道出血患者的有效护理方法和护理途径。方法对102例上消化道出血患者的内科护理工作做回顾性横断面研究。结果通过密切监视、及时给药、做好饮食、心理护理,102例患者取得了良好的护理和治疗效果。结论上消化道出血患者整个治疗过程中,临床护理观察是临床诊断治疗的科学根据。     

分析急性上消化道出血的内科护理

目的?分析和探讨急性上消化道出血的内科合理方法与策略.方法?回顾该院2010年9月—2012年6月接收的20例急性上消化道出血患者进行内科治疗和护理的护理方法及治疗效果.结果?20例患者中有1例死亡,1例病情恶化,1例转院进行治疗,其余患者均康复或好转.治愈率达95.83%,护理效果良好.结论?急性上消化道出血的护理要严密观察患者症状,配备有效的救治、护理措施,制定有针对性的护理计划,随时观察和控制患者病情,帮助患者尽快康复.     

68例上消化道出血的护理体会

目的:探讨上消化道大出血的护理重点.方法:对68上消化道出血患者给予治疗与精心护理干预.结果:给予治疗和护理干预后68例上消化道出血患者中54例患者治愈出院,9例患者病情好转,5例患者死亡.结论:通过对患者给予心理护理、出血时护理、密切观察、饮食护理及体位、口腔及皮肤的护理后,有效的抑制了并发症的发生,提高了其临床治疗疗效.     

120例肝硬化并上消化道出血的临床观察及护理体会

目的 分析和探讨120例肝硬化并上消化道出血的临床观察及护理体会方法随机抽取我院2010年--2012年间的120例肝硬化并上消化道出血患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,所有患者均采取有效措施进行治疗,在治疗过程中,给予患者仔细的观察与分析,而且除了给予患者一般的护理以外,还要对患者采取特殊护理方法辅助治疗,如胃镜操作护理、双囊三腔管压迫止血护理等,并要给予患者健康指导、预见性护理、心理护理以及饮食用药护理等,强化患者治疗效果和康复效果.结果 本组120例患者中,经过有效治疗,加以护理辅助治疗后,显效80例,比例为66.7%;有效32例,比例26.7%;无效8例,6.7%.结论 对肝硬化并上消化道出血患者进行专业熟练的临床护理,可以大大提升患者治愈率,降低死亡率,而且加以心理辅导和特殊护理,保证患者有一个良好的心理状态,防止再出血现象的发生,有利于患者生命质量的提高.     

上消化道出血的内科护理分析

目的分析总结对上消化道出血患者的内科护理体会。方法将院2011年6月~2013年7月42例上消化道出血患者设为观察组,实施必要的急救护理和一般的护理以及输血期间的护理,饮食护理,心理护理。并随机抽取同期30例上消化道出血患者做为对照组,给予一般护理,对两组护理情况进行分析总结。结果通过精心护理、密切观察,及时有效的抢救措施,良好的心理干预,观察组42例上消化道出血患者取得了较好的护理和临床治疗效果。结论护理人员有效快速准确的急救措施,熟练的护理技术,认真的观察,对上消化道出血患者的治疗与预后均起着重要的作用。在急救过程中,医护积极配合,才能成功挽救患者生命,使患者早日康复。     

74例上消化道出血内科护理干预效果分析

目的:探讨上消化道出血内科护理干预的效果.方法:将2016年4月至2016年10月在我院接受治疗的上消化道出血患者74例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组37例,采用常规护理,研究组37例,采用护理干预,比较对两组患者的干预效果.结果:研究组护理效果94.6%高于对照组75.7%,与对照组相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:上消化道出血患者实施内科护理干预,能够有利于临床治疗效果的提升,使患者对护理服务满意.     

78例肝硬化合并上消化道出血临床护理体会

目的 探讨肝硬化合并消化道出血的临床护理.方法 对我院收治的78例肝硬化合并消化道出血患者临床资料回顾分析.结果 除1例并发坠积性肺炎转入内科治疗,其余病情均有效控制.结论 肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者在加强基础护理的同时,应用个体化护理,给予针对性的护理措施,对提高治疗效果具有重要意义.     

上消化道出血患者护理体会

目的探索上消化道出血患者的有效护理方法和护理途径。方法对68例患者的内科具体护理措施进行回顾性介绍分析。结果通过密切观察和精心护理,68例患者取得了良好的护理和治疗效果。结论临床护理观察在上消化道患者治疗中有不可忽视的作用。     

24例上消化道出血患者的护理观察

目的 探讨上消化道出血患者的内科护理方法,及对疗效评价.方法 选取 2009年 6 月-2012 年 6 月在我院治疗的24例上消化道出血的患者,对这些患者的临床护理的资料进行回顾性分析.结果 通过针对性的护理,本组24例患者疗效显著,总有效率达95.8%,其中显效19例,有效 4 例,无效 1 例.结论 个性化护理在上消化道出血的治疗方面起到了积极地作用,通过对患者病情细心的观察,药物护理、心理护理以及饮食方面的护理,能够起到提高治愈率,促进患者康复.应该在临床上广泛推广.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.