北京地区380例学龄女孩骨密度的研究

目的　了解本地区学龄少女 (10～ 11岁 )骨密度 (BMD)变化情况。方法　采用双能X线骨密度仪 ,1年中先后 2次对 3 80例健康少女行全身扫描和左前臂扫描 ,按体重指数 (BMI)分组 ,超重组 (BMI >19.6)、正常组 (BMI =14 .2～ 19.6)、偏轻组 (BMI <14 .2 )。结果　BMD随年龄增长而增加 ,全身各部位BMD都是第二次高于第一次 (Ρ <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 0 1) ,其BMD的年均增长率为 5 .4%～11.3 %。超重组BMD最高 ,正常组次之 ,偏轻组BMD最低。身高、体重与全身总的BMD和前臂远端 1 10、1 3处BMD呈正相关 (r =0 .3 47～ 0 .787,Ρ <0 .0 0 1) ,全身总的BMD与前臂远端 1 10、1 3处BMD呈正相关 (r =0 .5 41～ 0 .665 ,Ρ <0 .0 0 1)。结论　该年龄段女孩BMD与身高、体重密切相关 ,评价青少年BMD时 ,应依据年龄、体重指数等因素来综合考虑。     

北京市区与郊区12～14岁男女学生骨密度的调查

目的了解市区与郊区12～14岁男女骨密度(BMD)的变化规律。方法利用双能X线骨密度仪对613例健康中学生男女行全身扫描。其中,市区307例,郊区306例;男生296例,女生317例。结果市区男女生的全身总BMD值明显高于郊区男女生(P<0.01),市区男女生的身高比郊区男女生高2～5cm,市区男女生的体重比郊区男女生重2～10kg。女生BMD值高于同龄男生,女生BMD年增长速度快于同龄男生,女生BMD年增长2.7%～8.1%,男生BMD年增长2.1%～2.5%。结论该年龄段女生BMD值高于同龄男生,郊区男女生生长发育比市区同龄男女生晚约1～2年。     

青春期女性骨密度变化及相关影响因素分析

目的:分析9～16岁女性骨密度(BMD)值的差异及相关影响因素。方法:随机选取广西省桂林市和广东省广州市714名青春发育期女性(9～16岁) ,采用跟骨超声骨密度仪测量BMD ,采用问卷调查了解对骨密度有影响的生活因素。结果:青春期女性BMD 12岁较9岁高4 4 % ,14岁较12岁高6 . 0 % ,16岁较14岁高2 5 % ;户外活动时间超过6小时/周的女性BMD值高于不足6小时/周者(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;摄入牛奶量≥1杯/天(2 0 0ml/杯)的女性BMD值高于摄入不足1杯/天者(P <0 .0 5 ) ;月经初潮早的女性BMD值比月经初潮晚的女性高(P <0 . 0 5 )。逐步回归分析表明,对青春期女性BMD有影响的因素为月经来潮年限、体重和牛奶摄入量。结论:12～14岁是青春期女性BMD的快速增长期,青春期女性身高增长与BMD增长不同步;月经初潮晚于平均年龄的女性BMD值低;积极参加户外活动对青春期女性BMD积累有一定作用;维持适宜的体重和一定量牛奶的摄入有利于提高青春期女性BMD和达到理想的峰值骨量。     

西宁市青少年生长发育与骨龄的调查研究

目的：调查西宁市青少年骨龄状况,探讨其与生长发育的关系.方法：采用分层整群抽样调查的方法,随机选取在西宁出生、生活、经体检证明健康的973例7岁～16岁青少年为研究对象,调查身高、体重,按CHN法进行手腕部骨龄评价和营养状况评价,并与191995年测定标准和沿海城市身高、体重均数比较.结果：西宁市青少年骨龄与生活年龄呈高度正相关,男：r=0.948,女：r=0.923;青少年骨发育延迟.各年龄组青少年平均身高低于沿海城市平均身高;平均体重除男12岁以前各组高于1995年水平外,均低于沿海城市.结论：西宁市青少年生长发育有地区性特点,身高和体重低于低海拔地区,青少年体瘦与骨骼成熟度的延迟相关.     

性早熟--儿童的现代病

性早熟的定义 性早熟是一种以性成熟提前出现为特征的性发育异常。它是指儿童在发育年龄以前出现了第二性征，即乳房发育，阴毛、腋毛出现，身高、体重迅速增长，外生殖器发育。性早熟的发生率约为0．6％，女孩的发生率多于男孩。日前一般认为，女孩在8岁前第一性征发育或在10岁前月经来潮、男孩在10岁前开始发育，即可诊断为性早熟。     

青春期男性的营养保健

在进入青春期前，男孩、女孩的身高差别很小，男孩的群体均值水平略高于女孩1～5厘米。但在经历了10年左右的青春期后，成年男子的身高明显高于成年女性。研究发现，青少年在青春期的身高突增一般要持续3年左右，男孩在这期间每年可增长7～9厘米，最多可达10～12厘米。这样，男孩在整个身高突增期内平均长高28厘米左右，较女孩高3厘米，约为成人身高的90％，体重也会增加为成人的80％～90％。而且，在青春期女孩脂肪发育较多，而男孩的骨骼和肌肉发育迅速。     

不同年限及方式踢毽锻炼中老年男性BMC和BMD的比较

目的:分析比较不同年限及方式踢毽锻炼中老年男性骨矿含量(BMC)和骨密度(BMD)的不同。方法:选取每周踢毽5～7次、每次2～4小时的40～60岁男性27例,按踢毽年限和目前踢毽方式分为踢毽I组(3～12年,双腿踢毽,13例)和踢毽II组(1～3年,单腿踢毽,14例),另选不常运动的16例同龄男性为对照组。采用双能X线骨密度扫描仪测试BMC和BMD,比较分析三组全身和10个部位(头部、胸椎、腰椎、骨盆、非优势臂、优势臂、左肋、右肋、非优势腿、优势腿),以及组内两臂、两肋、两腿的BMC和BMD差异。结果:两踢毽组受试者全身BMC、全身BMD均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。局部比较:踢毽II组优势腿、非优势腿、骨盆3个部位BMD和非优势腿BMC均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);踢毽I组除左肋外的其他9部位BMC和全部10个部位BMD均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。双侧比较:踢毽II组非优势腿BMD显著高于优势腿(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:长期踢毽锻炼中老年男性全身BMC和BMD较无运动男性更高;踢毽年限越长,获得更高BMC和BMD的部位越多,在下肢和骨盆部位更明显;长期单腿踢毽可能造成两腿BMD发展不均衡。     

欲圆身高梦把握突增期

青春期是人体生长发育最旺盛的时期。一般来说,女孩到12岁左右、男孩到15岁左右,在第二性征发育的同时身高增长加速,此时称为身高突增期。青少年的身高在青春期增长的快慢对成年后的身高起着决定性的作用。     

老年人骨矿含量分布的研究

目的　判断退行性脊椎病对老年人骨矿密度 (BMD)及骨质疏松诊断的影响 ,选出较适宜的BMD测量部位。资料与方法　使用双能X线吸收测量法 (DXA)测量男 16例、女 2 0例退行性脊椎病老龄者全身、腰椎及股骨颈BMD并与腰椎X线平片作比较性研究。结果　男、女骨质疏松发病率有显著性差异 ,女性高于男性。女性腰椎BMD与全身、股骨颈BMD明显相关 (P <0 .0 1)。男性腰椎BMD仅与全身BMD相关明显 (P <0 .0 1)。女性腰椎X线片骨质疏松分度与腰椎BMD明显负相关 (r =- 0 .92 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;而男性两者无明显相关 (r =- 0 .381,P >0 .0 5 )。结论　退行性脊椎病老年男性者诊断骨减少及骨质疏松以全身骨 ,而女性则以全身骨或股骨颈作为BMD的最佳检测部位是可取的     

男性青少年骨密度与身体形态学指标的关系及运动训练对其影响

目的 :探讨男性青少年生长发育过程中骨密度值 (Bonemineraldensity ,BMD)与身体形态学指标的关系及运动训练对其影响。方法 :10～ 2 0岁男性青少年 6 3名 ,依据年龄分为 10 - 15岁和 16 - 2 0岁组 ;依据是否从事规律的运动训练 ,再分运动员组和非运动员组。超声法测量跟骨BMD ,常规方法测量身体形态学指标。结果 :男性青少年的BMD在整个青春期呈上升趋势 ,且 10 -15岁和 16 - 2 0岁组的BMD有显著性差异 ;运动组和非运动组的BMD也呈显著性差异 ,提示早期运动训练可以改变骨密度 ;男性青少年的BMD与部分形态学发育指标 ,如体脂率、瘦体重具有明显相关性 ,且BMD与瘦体重的相关度受运动训练的影响。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.