参附注射液对肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力和氧合功能的影响

目的 评价参附注射液对肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力和氧合功能的影响.方法 择期胸段硬膜外阻滞复合全麻下行肺叶切除术患者60例,性别不限,年龄50 ～ 80岁,体重指数20 ～ 29 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):生理盐水对照组(C组)和参附注射液组(S组).麻醉诱导前,S组静脉输注参附注射液4.5 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 20 min;C组静脉输注等容量生理盐水.分别于单肺通气前、单肺通气30、60min及术毕时记录气道峰压,并采集动脉血样,测定PaO2,计算氧合指数.结果 与C组比较,S组单肺通气30、60 min时气道峰压降低,氧合指数升高(P＜0.05).结论 参附注射液可降低肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力,提高氧合功能,提示其具有肺保护作用.     

硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对单肺通气期间气体交换的影响

目的 观察胸段硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对单肺通气期间气体交换的影响.方法 随机选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期开胸手术病人80例,将病人随机分为两组,全麻复合硬膜外麻醉组(A组)和全麻组(B组),每组40例.两组病人在开胸前双肺通气20 min(T1)时及开胸后单肺通气(OLV)30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、120 min(T4)时,分别采动脉血及混合静脉血,观察病人动静脉血气情况并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)值、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(A-aDO2)和无效腔量/潮气量(Vd/Vt)值.结果 与T1相比,两组T2-4时Paw均升高(P<0.01),T2-4时Qs/Qt均增加(P<0.01),A-aDO2增加(P<0.01),PaO2降低(P<0.01),而Vd/Vt,血压、心率变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);与B组相比,A组T2-4时的Qs/Qt增加(P<0.01),A-aDO2增加(P<0.01),PaO2,降低(P<0.01),而Vd/Vt,血压、心率变化无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 单肺通气期间硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对肺换气功能有影响,使Qs/Qt增加,PaO2下降,A-aDO2增大;对肺泡通气功能指标Vd/Vt影响甚微.     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对单肺通气期间动脉血气的影响

目的观察全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对单肺通气期间动脉血气及肺内分流的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期开胸手术病人80例,将病人随机分为两组,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组（A组）和全麻组（B组）,每组40例。两组患者在开胸前双肺通气20min（T1）时及开胸后单肺通气（OLV）15min、60min、120min（T2-4）时,分别采动脉血及混合静脉血,观察患者动静脉血气情况并计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt）值。结果两组术中PaCO2、pH均在正常范围内,各时点PaCO2、pH、Paw组间比较无统计学意义。与T1相比,A组、B组T2～4时Paw及Qs／Qt均增加,PaO2均降低（P〈0.05）。与B组相比,A组T2-4时的Qs／Qt增加更明显,PaO2降低更明显（P〈0．05）。结论胸科手术单肺通气期间,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞有增加Qs／Qt,使PaO2下降的风险。因此全麻复合硬膜外阻滞应用于开胸手术病人时,应严密加强血气监测。     

不同浓度布比卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对单肺通气期间动脉氧合的影响

目的观察不同浓度布比卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对单肺通气(OLV)期间动脉氧合的影响。方法择期行经左胸食管癌根治术患者120例,年龄50~65岁,随机数字表法均分为四组:A、B、C组采用静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,硬膜外分别给予0.5%、0.25%、0.125%布比卡因,D组为单纯静脉全麻,每组30例。A、B、C三组患者诱导前硬膜外注入5ml相应浓度布比卡因,术中以3~5ml/h持续硬膜外泵入。分别于OLV前(T0)、OLV 15min(T1)、OLV 30min(T2)抽取桡动脉血和混合静脉血行血气分析。结果 T1、T2时A组Qs/Qt明显高于其他三组(P0.05),PaO2明显低于其他三组(P0.05)。T0~T2时A、B组SBP、DBP均明显低于D组(P0.05)。与D组比较,A、B、C组术中阿片类药物和丙泊酚的用量均明显减少(P0.05)。结论静脉全麻复合0.125%和0.25%布比卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞在OLV期间不会增加肺内分流和降低动脉氧合。     

胸段硬膜外麻醉复合全麻对开胸单肺通气患者氧代谢的影响

目的 通过比较吸入全身麻醉和吸入全麻复合胸段硬膜外麻醉对开胸手术的血液动力学和血气分析的变化,探讨硬膜外麻醉对全身氧代谢的影响。方法 20例因食管癌需开胸单肺通气手术患者,根据麻醉方法的不同随机分为异氟醚吸入全麻组(GI组)和异氟醚吸入复合硬膜外组(GIE组)。每组各10例。GI组采用异氟醚/芬太尼/维库溴铵麻醉。GIE组采用异氟醚/维库溴铵/胸部硬膜外0.5％罗哌卡因麻醉。连续监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心排指数(CI)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP)、外周血管阻力(SVRI)。分别于清醒时,侧卧双肺通气30 min,单肺通气15、30、60和120 min,侧卧再次双肺通气30 min抽取动脉,混合静脉血血样,测定血气,并计算氧供(DO2)、氧耗(VO2),以及氧供氧耗比(DO2/VO2)。结果 GIE组MAP低于GI组(P<0.05),SVRI不但低于GI组,也低于基础值(p<0.05)。单肺通气后30、60、120 min两组CI均高于基础值(P<0.05),GIE组各时间点CI与GI组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组各时间点DO2差异无显著性(P>0.05)。单肺通气15、30和60min时GIE组SvO2明显低于GI组(P<0.05),而VO2明显高于GI组(P<0.05),同时DO2/VO2明显低于GI组(P<0.05)。结论 以单纯全麻相比,胸段硬膜外联合全麻可能会使单肺通气早期全身氧耗增加,DO2/VO2降低。     

比较全麻复合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞应用于开胸手术的效果

目的比较全麻复合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞应用于开胸手术的效果。方法选取2017-03-2018-05间行开胸手术的166例患者,根据麻醉方法不同分为2组,每组83例。A组施行全麻复合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞,B组施行全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞。结果 (1)麻醉前(T0)时2组MAP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);切皮后15 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、45 min(T3),2组MAP水平均较T0时降低,但A组较B组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)A组舒芬太尼用量及苯福林使用例数均较B组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)术后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h,2组安静状态下VAS评分均低于3分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但A组咳嗽状态下VAS评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与胸段硬膜外阻滞在胸科手术镇痛方面均具有良好效果,且胸段硬膜外阻滞在术后咳嗽状态下镇痛效果更佳,而椎旁神经阻滞在降低术中应激反应、减少舒芬太尼用量及苯福林使用例数方面优势更明显,更有利于促进手术顺利进行。     

不同麻醉下电视胸腔镜肺手术患者的血流动力学监测

目的探讨不同麻醉下电视胸腔镜肺手术患者的血流动力学改变。方法将40 例择期行电视胸腔镜肺手术(VATS)的患者随机分为A组和B组,各20例。A组采用单纯静吸复合全麻,B组采用静吸复合全麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉。所有患者术中常规监测生命体征,观察并比较其入室时基础值(BASE)、插管后侧卧双肺通气15 min(DLV15)、单肺通气10 min(OLV10)、单肺通气20 min(OLV20)和单肺通气40 min(OLV40)各时间点HR、MAP、SaO2、PaO2 及PaCO2 变化。结果两组PaO2、SaO2 与基础值比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),而各时间点参数差异不显著(均P>0.05)。结论两种麻醉方法均能安全有效地开展手术,而静吸复合全麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉较单纯静吸复合全麻具有麻醉药物用量小、患者苏醒快等优点。     

选择性肺叶隔离对胸科手术患者氧合及细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨选择性肺叶隔离技术对胸科手术患者m清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-6、TNF-α浓度及氧合作用的影响.方法 选择限期行食管癌根治术或肺癌行肺叶切除术的患者30例,随机分为选择性肺叶隔离组(S组)和全肺萎陷单肺通气组(T组)各15例.丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼靶控输注诱导及维持麻醉,插入ID8.0 mm单腔气管导管后,将9Fr COOPDECH支气管阴塞器在纤维支气管镜引导下放置,S组将套囊置入目标肺叶支气管人口下方1 cm,T组将套囊置入主支气管入口下方1.5cm～2 cm.于侧卧位双肺通气15 min(T1)、单肺通气或肺叶隔离30 min(T2)、单肺通气或肺叶隔离60 min(T3)和恢复双肺通气15 min(T4)行动脉血气分析并记录气道峰压,于T1和T4时间点收集动脉血和支气管肺泡灌洗液,ELISA法测定IL-6、TNF-α的浓度.结果 单肺通气开始后两组气道压较单肺通气前明显升高(F=215.746,P<0.05),T组升高程度大于S组(F=53.798,P<0.01).单肺通气开始后两组氧合指数均下降,S组下降程度小于T组(F=13.747,P<0.05).单肺通气结束后(T4)两组血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-6、TNF-α的浓度均明显增加,S组IL-6、TNF-α的浓度均低于T组(IL-6:F=1503.734,P<0.01;TNF-α:F=1423.486,P<0.05).两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 胸科手术选择性肺叶隔离通气方式能改善机体氧合,减少患者体内促炎性因子的释放.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同麻醉方法对应激反应的影响

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同麻醉方法对应激反应的影响。方法胆囊切除术患者24例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分成全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(Ⅰ组)和单纯全麻组(Ⅱ组),每组12例。持续监测MAP、HR、SpO2和PETCO2,分别于麻醉前(T1)、气腹前5min(T2)、二氧化碳气腹(压力达12mmHg)后10min(T3)、放气后5min(T4)抽静脉血测定血糖(Glu)和血浆皮质醇(Cor)。结果Ⅱ组在T3时MAP、HR、Glu和Cor均明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组T3时PETCO2均高于T1和T2时(P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞与单纯全麻相比可有效抑制腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应激反应。     

七氟醚与丙泊酚对肺癌单肺通气下肺叶切除患者血流动力学的影响研究

目的探析七氟醚与丙泊酚对肺癌单肺通气下肺叶切除患者血流动力学的影响。方法选择2015-06—2017-12间新乡市中心医院接受单肺通气下行肺叶切除术的100例肺癌患者,随机分为2组,各50例。对照组给予丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉诱导、丙泊酚和芬太尼麻醉维持。观察组给予吸入七氟醚预处理后,行与对照组一致的麻醉诱导和麻醉维持。比较2组患者麻醉诱导前即刻(T_0)、单肺通气开始前即刻(T_1)、手术后30 min(T_2)、手术后60 min(T_3)、单肺通气结束前即刻(T_4)、手术结束关胸后即刻(T_5)、术后24 h(T_6)的血流动力学指标。结果 2组患者T0的各个指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05);T_1~T_6点2组患者MAP和CVP均较T0有较大波动,且观察组患者的MAP均明显高于对照组,CVP明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);T_0~T_6点2组CO比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后2 h,观察组的肺氧合指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肺癌患者单肺通气下肺叶切除术的麻醉中给予七氟醚预处理,有助于维持术中血流动力学的平稳,保证手术顺利进行,减轻肺损伤,促进术后康复。     

Arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation: combined versus general anesthesia

The optimal anesthetic management of patients undergoing thoracotomy for pulmonary resection has not been definitely determined. We evaluated whether general i.v. anesthesia (propofol-fentanyl) provides superior PaO2 during one-lung ventilation (OLV) compared with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) with supplemental local and general anesthetics. We studied 60 patients who had prolonged periods of OLV for elective thoracic surgery for lung cancer and who were prospectively randomized into two groups. In 30 patients (GA group), fentanyl/propofol/rocuronium anesthesia was used. Another 30 patients (TEA group) were anesthetized with propofol/rocuronium/epidural thoracic bupivacaine 0.5%. A double-lumen endotracheal tube was inserted, and mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen was used during the entire study. Arterial and venous blood gases were recorded before surgery in a lateral position with two-lung ventilation, 15 and 30 min after OLV (OLV + 15 and OLV + 30, respectively) in all patients. We measured PaO2, venous central oxygen tension, arterial and central venous oxygen saturation, venous admixture percentage (Qs/Qt%), and arterial and central venous oxygen content. The mean values for PaO2 during OLV in the GA group after 15 min (175 mm Hg) and 30 min (182 mm Hg) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared with the TEA group (120 and 118 mm Hg, respectively). Furthermore, Qs/Qt% was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the TEA group during OLV. There were no other significant differences. We conclude that using the TEA regimen is associated with a lower PaO2 and a larger intrapulmonary shunt during OLV than with total i.v. anesthesia alone. IMPLICATIONS: Sixty patients undergoing elective lung surgery during a prolonged period of intraoperative one-lung ventilation were studied and randomized to receive general i.v. anesthesia or general i.v. anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia. The arterial oxygenation in the first group was better than that in the second group during one-lung ventilation.     

改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的应用

目的观察改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择择期行单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄42~76岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)和硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组30例。N组先行腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,再在超声图像上确认髂筋膜和股神经位置,先行股神经阻滞,再在同一穿刺点从缝匠肌内侧缘开始,由外向内沿髂筋膜下给1%利多卡因10ml和0.5%罗哌卡因10ml,同时超声探头在腹股沟韧带水平向内移动,内侧达股动脉上方;E组采用L2~3间隙行硬膜外阻滞。记录两组阻滞前(T0)、阻滞后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、60min(T3)的SBP、DBP及HR;记录两组阻滞完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、术中麻黄碱使用情况、麻醉效果及术后48h恶心呕吐、头痛及尿潴留发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T2时E组的SBP和DBP明显降低(P0.05),T2时N组SBP和DBP明显高于E组(P0.05);N组感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于E组、术中麻黄碱使用率明显低于E组(P0.05);E组整体麻醉效果优于N组(P0.05),但两组麻醉效果优良率差异无统计学意义;术后48hN组尿潴留发生率明显低于E组(P0.05)。结论改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术中,麻醉效果良好,较硬膜外阻滞具有血流动力学影响小、术后并发症少及适应证更广等优点。     

利用动态肺顺应性设定呼气末正压在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的运用

目的 探讨单肺通气利用动态肺顺应性设定呼气末正压通气(positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP)的优势及可行性. 方法 选择预行右侧肺叶切除患者80例,完全随机分为A组和B组,每组40例:A组,单肺通气实施肺膨胀(sustained inflation,SI)复张后加用20 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)的PEEP并递减滴定,随后以得到最大肺顺应性的PEEP值通气,直到恢复双肺通气;B组,通气PEEP值固定为5 cmH2O,其他通气方法同A组.记录患者血气、呼吸等参数. 结果 两组设定的PEEP值[A组(9.2±1.2) cmH2O,B组5 cmH2O]差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在单肺通气1 h(T3)、手术结束(T4)时,两组动脉血氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组的PaO2在T3～T4逐步降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而A组则维持较好(P＞0.05);T3、T4时刻A组的动态肺顺应性[(30.8±5.9)、(30.7±6.4) ml/cmH2O]与B组[(26.6±5.5)、(26.4±5.2) ml/cmH2O]比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的单肺通气,利用动态肺顺应性设定的PEEP值通气能够得到更好的氧合及呼吸参数,并且维持较好.     

全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 观察全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)后患者T细胞亚群及止浆皮质醇的影响.方法 22例择期行OPCABG患者随机分为全麻组(A组)和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组11例,术后均采用吗啡静脉镇痛(PCIA).分别于麻醉前(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后第1天(T3)及第3天(T4)抽取外周静脉血,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测T淋巴细胞亚群变化,以化学发光法测血浆皮质醇.结果 与T1比较,两组血浆皮质醇在T2和T3均明显升高(P＜0.05),但E组患者升高程度明显低于A组(P＜0.05).两组T2和T3 CD3 、CD4 和CD4 /CD8 均较T1明显下降(P＜0.05).但与E组比较,A组T3及T4 CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 下降更明显(P＜0.05),且E组患者T淋巴细胞亚群在T4已恢复至T1水平(P＞0.05).结论 全麻对OPCABG后患者细胞免疫功能有抑制作用,复合胸段硬膜外阻滞将减轻此抑制的程度.     

胸段硬膜外阻滞对老年胸科手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察胸段硬膜外阻滞对老年患者行胸科手术时全麻苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)的影响.方法 择期行胸科手术的老年患者40例,ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级.其中男23例,女17例,年龄65岁～78岁,均为食道癌和肺癌患者.将40例患者用完全随机法分为两组(每组20例),分别给予全麻复合硬膜外麻醉(A组)...     

The effects of remifentanil and thoracic epidural on oxygenation and pulmonary shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of remifentanil and thoracic epidural analgesia on the hemodynamic changes and pulmonary shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracotomy. DESIGN: Prospective, single crossover design. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four patients undergoing OLV for thoracic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: During general anesthesia with 2-lung ventilation, one-lung ventilation with remifentanil infusion, and one-lung ventilation with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), hemodynamic parameters and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were taken from the radial and pulmonary artery catheters. During these 3 study periods, cardiac index (CI) was measured using thermodilution technique while shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), alveolar arterial oxygen gradient (A-a O(2)), and systemic (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistances indices (PVRI) were calculated. A p value <0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: When OLV was instituted, there was a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. Arterial oxygenation decreased, whereas CI and Qs/Qt increased during OLV, but there was no significant difference between remifentanil infusion and thoracic epidural analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: Both remifentanil infusion and TEA are suitable for analgesia during thoracic surgery when OLV is used. There was no significant difference in PaO(2) and Qs/Qt during each administration.     

Ephedrine, dopamine, or doubtamine to treat hypotension with propofol during epidural anesthesia

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of ephedrine, dopamine and dobutamine for circulatory support during thoracic epidural anesthesia after anesthetic induction with propofol. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing lobectomy or mastectomy were divided into four groups of 10: a control group received no vasopressor; an ephedrine group received 5 mg ephedrine when the mean arterial pressure (MAP), measured every 2.5 min, decreased by 10% from baseline; dopamine and dobutamine groups received 5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) dopamine or 3 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) dobutamine from five minutes after epidural injection of local anesthetic to the end of tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with 2 mg x kg(-1) propofol. The MAP and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline, 20 min after epidural injection, three minutes after propofol, and one minute after tracheal intubation. RESULTS: In the control group, MAP and HR decreased from 86+/-9 mmHg, 74+/-8 bpm to 62+/-9 mm Hg; P<0.0001, 60+/-8 bpm; P = 0.0003 after propofol. After tracheal intubation, MAP was restored to (81+/-13 mmHg, 70+/-13 bpm). In the ephedrine, dopamine, and dobutamine groups, MAP and HR remained unchanged during epidural anesthesia and propofol induction. However, after tracheal intubation, MAP and HR increased in the ephedrine (104+/-11 mm Hg; P = 0.004, 87+/-11 bpm; P<0.0001) and dobutamine (117+/-13 mm Hg; P = 0.0005, 100+/-11 bpm; P<0.0001) groups, but not in the dopamine group compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: Dopamine is preferable to ephedrine and dobutamine in providing hemodynamic stability during propofol induction and tracheal intubation following epidural anesthesia.