糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗疗效观察

目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗技术标准及疗效。方法：根据DRPSG(Diabetic Retinopathy Photocoagula-tion Study Group)制订的治疗技术规定，对350例410只眼分别为增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopa-thy,PPDR)、增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)及糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者行激光治疗，按技术规定的光凝范围和光凝参数行标准全视网膜光凝(standard panretinal photocoagulation,S-PRP)和超全视网膜光凝(extra panretinal photocoagulation,E-PRP)及黄斑水肿行局限光凝或格栅光凝，术后3、6、12个月行FFA及彩色眼底像，新生血管未消退者和无灌注区尚存者追加光凝，随访3—42个月。结果：50只眼弥漫性黄斑水肿格栅光凝后，33只眼水肿减轻或消失，有效率66．0％，390只眼行全视网膜光凝，新生血管部分或全部消退281只眼，有效率为72．1％，410只眼中视力不变和增进325只眼，占79．3％。结论：按DRPS制订的治疗技术规定治疗糖尿病视网膜病变是行之有效的，激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变更规范化。     

糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗技术标准探讨

目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗技术标准及疗效。方法：根据DRPSG（DiabeticRetinopathy Photocoagulation dStudy Group)制订的治疗技术规定。对70例105眼分别为增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变（PPDR）、增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）及糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者行激光治疗,按技术规定垢光产张范围和光凝参数行标准全视网膜光凝（S-PRP）和超全视网膜光凝（E-PRP）及黄斑水肿行局限光凝或格栅光凝。激光后3个月、6个月、12个月行FFA及彩色眼底像,新生血管未消退者和无灌注区尚存者追加光凝,随访3-12个月（平均8.91个月）。结果：20眼弥漫性黄斑水肿格栅光凝后,13眼（约65.0%)水肿减轻或消失,102眼行全视网膜光凝,新生血管部分或全部消退73眼（约71.6%),105眼中视力不变和增进81眼（约77.1%)。结论：按DRPSG制订的治疗技术规定治疗糖尿病视网膜病变是行之有效的,激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变更规范化。     

532nm激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

目的:评估532nm激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的治疗效果。方法:应用532nm激光对糖尿病患者48例96眼[包括增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变(PPDR)54眼,增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)42眼(包括高危PDR20眼,非高危PDR22眼),合并黄斑水肿21眼]行视网膜光凝术。根据DR分期及病变严重程度行次全视网膜光凝(Sub-PRP)、标准全视网膜光凝(S-PRP)和超全视网膜光凝(E-PRP)及局限光凝和格栅样光凝,随访3mo～4a,观察视力和视网膜病变进展情况。必要时再补充激光治疗。结果:视力:提高或不变为有效,其中PPDR组有效45眼(83%),非高危PDR组有效18眼(82%),高危PDR组有效12眼(60%)。视网膜病变进展情况:视网膜水肿、渗出、出血部吸收,视网膜新生血管部分或全部消退为有效,其中PPDR组有效50眼(93%),非高危PDR组有效19眼(86%),高危PDR组有效13眼(65%)。结论:倍频532nm激光治疗DR安全有效,早期病变治疗效果好。及早发现和治疗病变,注意光凝方法和技巧,以及随访和跟踪治疗,是提高视网膜光凝疗效的关键。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变弥漫性黄斑水肿的激光治疗

目的　评价全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法　 4 0例 5 0眼伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者 ,采用氩绿激光进行黄斑格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝。分析视力、黄斑水肿和新生血管的变化。结果　激光治疗后随访 6～ 30个月 ,5 0眼中 36眼治疗有效 ;76 %患眼的视力稳定 ,视力进步者占 12 % ;6 2 %患眼黄斑水肿明显减少 ,黄斑水肿完全消退者占 10 % ;视网膜新生血管或视盘新生血管完全消退者为 12 % ,部分消退者为 5 6 % ,余 14眼 (2 8% )治疗无效。结论　全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝是治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效措施。     

糖尿病视网膜病变激光术后视野的改变

目的报告增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDR)、严重非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy severe NPDR)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者激光治疗后视野的改变.方法52眼分A、B、C三组.A组为无黄斑水肿的PDR及严重NPDR,行全视网膜光凝术(panretinal photocoagulation PRP).B组为PDR合并黄斑水肿者,行PRP联合黄斑区光凝.C组为单纯黄斑水肿者,行黄斑区光凝.结果A组光凝后,30°内视野平均光阈值敏感度下降(P＜0.01),周边视野暗点增多或增大.B组光凝后,30°视野平均光阈值敏感度下降(P＜0.01),周边视野暗点增大增多,10°内光阈值敏感度下降(P＜0.05).C组10°内视野平均光阈值敏感度下降(P＜0.05).三组激光治疗前后视力无显著区别,新生血管明显消退,黄斑水肿消退.结论全视网膜光凝可有效阻止PDR的进一步发展,防止病人视力进一步下降,但降低了视网膜光敏感度,且周边部视野暗点增多.黄斑区光凝不损伤黄斑中心视功能,对糖尿病黄斑部病变局部代谢的改善,促进组织修复有一定临床意义.     

氪黄激光治疗黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的 探讨氪黄激光治疗视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 对60例(75只眼)视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿患者行氪黄激光光凝治疗,局限性水肿行微血管瘤或扩张的毛细血管直接光凝.弥漫性水肿行C形格栅或环形格栅光凝.术后1、3、6个月、1年复查视力和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA).结果 光凝后视力提高2行以上者14只眼,占18.7%,下降2行以上者6只眼,占8%,视力不变者55只眼,占73.3%.复查FFA:显示毛细血管无灌注基本消失,血管渗漏基本消失,新生血管萎缩,黄斑水肿减轻者41只眼,占77.4%,新生血管无消退迹象者5只眼,占9.4%.结论 根据黄斑水肿范围、类型选择激光参数,并随时核对黄斑中心凹的位置,可使黄斑水肿的光凝安全、有效.     

次全视网膜光凝治疗中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

目的 观察次全视网膜光凝治疗中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)的临床效果.方法 对中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者42例(62只眼)进行次全视网膜光凝,对其中合并有临床意义黄斑水肿的22只眼同时进行局部光凝.光凝后平均随访20个月,对光凝前、后的视力变化及视网膜病变进展程度进行评价.结果 激光治疗后绝大多数病眼的视力得以维持或有所提高.合并黄斑水肿的22只眼中有21只眼(95.45%)视力得以维持或有所提高.糖尿病视网膜病变的发展在激光治疗后大部分病变表现稳定(87.10%),加重者仅为12.90%.结论 对中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者早期进行次全视网膜光凝,对合并有临床意义的黄斑水肿者同时进行局部光凝,可使大多数病眼的视力得以维持或提高,并具有稳定视网膜病变进展的作用.     

氪绿激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

目的：评价氪绿激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床效果。方法：对50例72眼非增殖期或增殖早期糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿患者根据黄斑水肿形态行局部或格栅状光凝,观察光凝后视力及黄斑水肿的变化,并进行统计学分析。结果：光凝后视力提高14眼（19.4%),下降16眼（22.2%),不变42眼（58.4%)。黄斑水肿完全消退15眼（20.8%),部分消退37眼（51.4%),不变或加重20眼（27.8%)。结论：氪绿激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿效果显著。     

氩激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的:观察氩激光视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗效果.方法:选择经眼底血管荧光造影(FFA)确诊为增殖前期及增殖期的糖尿病视网膜病变患者56例(81眼),根据眼底荧光造影(FFA)的结果行标准全视网膜光凝,有临床意义的黄斑水肿者先行格栅样光凝,再行全视网膜光凝,治疗后3～12 mo分别行眼底荧光造影,对需要者进一步补充光凝.观察治疗前后的视力、眼底荧光造影了解视网膜血管渗漏情况以及新生血管的变化.结果:全视网膜光凝81眼治疗后视力提高者22眼,占27%,视力不变52眼,占64%,有效率达91%,视力下降7眼,占9%.增生性糖尿病视网膜病变有6眼新生血管完全消退,占23%,15眼部分消退,占57%,增殖前期视网膜出血、渗出完全吸收13眼,23%,部分吸收35眼,64%,7眼不变,占13%.13眼合并有黄斑水肿者部分或完全消退7眼,占54%.结论:及时行氩激光全视网膜光凝治疗对于改善糖尿病视网膜病变的视功能有重要作用,无明显并发症发生.     

格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的评价格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变和视网膜中央静脉阻塞合并弥漫性黄斑水肿的临床作用.方法弥漫性黄斑水肿患眼45只,17只眼先予黄斑区格栅样光凝,再行全视网膜光凝;28只眼仅予全视网膜光凝.比较两组术后视力改变情况及黄斑水肿消退情况.结果术后两组视力均有不同程度提高,格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝组提高0.14±0.12,全视网膜光凝组视力提高0.04±0.13,两组差异有显著性(P=0.026).黄斑区格栅样光凝组患眼黄斑水肿大都消退,而单纯全视网膜光凝组眼黄斑水肿于激光后仍存在甚至加重.结论黄斑区格栅样光凝有助于弥漫性黄斑水肿消退,保存和提高患眼视力.     

氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿

目的：评价氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法：用氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿共34例（48眼）,氪黄激光波长568nm,对黄斑区局部水肿采用局部光凝,弥漫性水肿采用C形格栅状光凝,光凝距黄斑中心小凹300um,避开视盘黄斑束,功率60～20mw,光斑直径100um,曝光时间0.1s,光凝68～189点,光斑反应I-Ⅱ级。术后平均随访10个月。结果：术后视力提高者33眼（68.8%）,不变者13眼（27.1%）,下降者2眼（4.2%）。光凝后黄斑水肿完全消退者15眼（31.3%）,部分消退者28眼（58.3%）,不变者5眼（10.4%）。无明显并发症。结论：氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿安全、有效。     

氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的 探讨糖尿病性黄斑水肿氪黄激光治疗的疗效。 方法 对251例430只眼分别为局限性黄斑水肿、弥漫性黄斑水肿、黄斑囊样水肿患者行氪黄激光治疗，对局限性黄斑水肿采用焦点样光凝，对弥漫性、囊样黄斑水肿采用格栅状光凝。根据不同病变类型选择激光参数，激光后每3～4个月复查视力,行荧光素眼底血管造影及彩色眼底照像,观察黄斑水肿消退情况。随诊3~23个月，平均随访时间15-59个月。 结果 局限性黄斑水肿186只眼，光凝后视力保持不变和进步者183只眼，占98.39%；水肿全部或部分吸收者184只眼，占98.93%；弥漫性黄斑水肿175只眼，光凝后视力保持不变和进步者163只眼，占93.14%；水肿全部或部分吸收者164只眼，占93.71%；黄斑囊样水肿69只眼，光凝后视力保持不变和进步59只眼，占85.51%；水肿全部或部分吸收者64只眼，占92.75%。 结论 根据黄斑水肿程度、范围和视力情况灵活选择激光参数，确保高比例的有效光斑，是氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的关键。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：14-17）     

多波长激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变临床观察

目的探讨多波长激光光凝对糖尿病性视网膜病变的疗效。方法30例（52只眼）糖尿病性视网膜病变行荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及黄斑区相干光断层扫描（OCT）,对重度非增生性及增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变分别进行绿光、黄光、红光激光光凝。黄斑水肿患者同时行黄斑格栅光凝,分4次进行泛视网膜光凝。光凝后观察视力、黄斑中心凹厚度及FFA情况。结果随访6个月,35只眼视力不同程度提高,14只眼视力维持激光治疗前的水平,3只眼因黄斑水肿加重视力下降,激光治疗前OCT显示黄斑部中央凹平均厚度为（430．35±98．53）μm,治疗后6个月平均厚度（178．48±42．56）μm。结论多波长激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变能有效提高或保存患眼视功能。     

Combined modified grid and panretinal photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 52 eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment was performed in two sessions consisting of initial modified grid to the macula and panretinal photocoagulation to the inferior half of the peripheral retina, followed 2 to 4 weeks later by panretinal photocoagulation to the superior half. RESULTS: At one year, visual acuity was improved in 8%, stable in 79%, and worse in 13%. At two years, visual acuity was improved in 4%, stable in 72%, and worse in 24%. Macular edema resolved in 43 of 46 eyes (93%), and proliferative retinopathy was reduced in 25 of 29 eyes (86%) at last examination. CONCLUSION: Combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation is an effective treatment approach in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Laser photocoagulation in those diabetic eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy can be completed in less number of treatment sessions with this method, compared to conventional treatment techniques.     

C形格栅光凝和环形格栅光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效对比

目的:对比C形格栅和环形格栅光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法:选取弥漫性糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者60例97眼,随机接受C形格栅和环形格栅光凝治疗,其中C形格栅光凝60眼,环形格栅光凝37眼。观察激光前后视力变化,通过眼底荧光血管造影检查评估患者黄斑水肿的变化情况。结果:C形格栅光凝组水肿消退14眼(23%),水肿减轻38眼(63%),水肿无明显变化8眼(13%)。环形格栅光凝组共37眼,水肿消退7眼(19%),水肿减轻26眼(70%),水肿无明显变化4眼(11%)。两组疗效比较无明显统计学差异(P=0.852);C形格栅光凝组视力提高者13眼(22%),不变者41眼(68%),下降者6眼(10%)。环形格栅光凝组视力提高者6眼(16%),不变者27眼(73%),视力下降者4眼(11%)。两组疗效比较无明显统计学差异(P=0.570)。结论:C形光凝和环形光凝在减轻糖尿病性黄斑水肿和改善视力方面无明显差别,对于绝大多数糖尿病性黄斑水肿可行C形格栅光凝,对乳斑束存在明显局限水肿的患者可行环形光凝。     

氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

目的：探讨氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法：对４０例（７４只眼）非增殖期及增殖早期糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿患者,对照眼荧光血管造影,采用氪黄激光进行直接或格栅光凝。随访３－１７个月,每３个月复查视力及眼底荧光血管造影。分析视力及黄斑水肿变化情况,结果：光凝治疗后视力进行１７只眼,占２３％,无变化４５只眼,占６１％,减退１２只眼,占１６％,黄斑水肿消失８只眼,占１１％,明显减轻２１只眼,占     

Visual prognosis and prognostic risk factors after photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema were treated by laser photocoagulation (grid pattern photocoagulation, in some instances combined with direct photocoagulation) and followed up more than 1 year. The visual prognosis of these cases was retrospectively studied. RESULTS: The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Log MAR) final visual acuity after photocoagulation was improved more than 0.2 levels in 62 eyes (41%) of a total 150 eyes, and in 60% of 87 eyes in which preoperative visual acuity had been less than 0.5. Average visual acuity after photocoagulation reached a plateau within three months after surgery, and 84% of the eyes with 0.5 or better preoperative visual acuity achieved 0.5 or better final visual acuity. There was correlation between visual prognosis and the following preoperative factors: preoperative visual acuity, hard exudates, fluorescein leakage, grid area, hyperlipidemia, and renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: Grid photocoagulation as a treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema is effective to improve or maintain visual acuity. Alternative treatment such as vitrectomy should be considered after three-month observation on the outcome of grid photocoagulation.     

Macular edema following panretinal photocoagulation

The authors reviewed the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up examinations, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of 175 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with panretinal photocoagulation. Seventy-five (43%) of the treated eyes developed increased macular edema 6-10 weeks following laser treatment. Follow-ups ranged from 3 months to 48 months, with a median follow-up of 15 months. Fluorescein angiography revealed that the postlaser increase in macular edema persisted in 47 of the 175 eyes (27%). Fourteen eyes (8%) treated with laser developed chronic macular edema and visual loss of two or more lines. Inflammation and altered retinal blood flow are possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of postpanretinal photocoagulation macular edema.