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1.
Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of Boswellia papyrifera afforded two new stilbene glycosides, trans-4',5-dihydroxy-3-methoxystilbene-5-O-{alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), trans-4',5-dihydroxy-3-methoxystilbene-5-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and a new triterpene, 3alpha-acetoxy-27-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-24-oic acid (3), along with five known compounds, 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (4), beta-elemonic acid (7), 3alpha-acetoxy-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (8), beta-boswellic acid (9), and beta-sitosterol (10). The stilbene glycosides exhibited significant inhibition of phosphodiesterase I and xanthine oxidase. The triterpenes (3-9) exhibited prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activities.  相似文献   

2.
白花蛇舌草化学成分的研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
目的:对白花蛇舌草的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用聚酰胺,Sephadex LH-20,硅胶和HPLC等多种色谱方法进行分离,理化性质,光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离鉴定9个化合物:2,6-二羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(1),2-羟基-1-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(2),2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌(3),quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranos-yl]-β-glucopyranoside(4),quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-glucop-yranoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-galactopyranoside(6),quercetin-3-O-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),芦丁(8),槲皮素(9)。结论:化合物1和8为首次从该种植物中得到,其中化合物1为新化合物。  相似文献   

3.
Cytotoxic flavonoids from Platymiscium floribundum   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Two new isoflavonoids, 7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy-isoflavonequinone (1) and 2'-hydroxy-6,4',6' ',4' '-tetramethoxy-[7-O-7' ']-bisisoflavone (2), and seven other known flavonoids, 3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (medicarpin), 3,10-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, 3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan (homopterocarpin) (3), 2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (vesticarpan) (5), 2',4,4'-trihydroxychalcone (isoliquiritigenin), and 7,4'-dihydroxyflavanone (liquiritigenin) (6), were isolated from the heartwood of Platymiscium floribundum. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 3-6 showed cytotoxic activity when evaluated against five human cancer cell lines in vitro.  相似文献   

4.
Three new glycosides, pinocembrin 7-O-apiosyl(1-->5)apiosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2',3',4',3' '-tetramethoxy-1,3-diphenylpropane 5',4' '-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and rhamnocitrin 3-O-apiosyl(1-->5)apiosyl(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Viscum angulatumalong with viscumneoside V, naringenin, and homoeriodictyol. Their structures were established by spectral and chemical methods.  相似文献   

5.
Su D  Tang W  Hu Y  Liu Y  Yu S  Ma S  Qu J  Yu D 《Journal of natural products》2008,71(5):784-788
Five new lignan glycosides, (8R*,7' S*,8' R*)-5,5'-dimethoxy-7-oxolariciresinol 9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (1), (7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (7S*,8R*,7' S*,8' R*)-4,4'-dimethoxyhuazhongilexin 9-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), (7S*,8R*,7' S*,8' R*)-4,4'-dimethoxyhuazhongilexin 9-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), and (7S*,8R*,7' S*,8' R*)-huazhongilexin 9-O-(2-feruloyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside (6), together with four known compounds, (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), the 9-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside of icariol A(2) (7), huazhongilexin (8), and nudiposide (9), were isolated from the leaves of Neoalsomitra integrifoliola. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compounds 2, 3, 8, and 9 showed weak anti-inflammatory activities.  相似文献   

6.
Three new flavonoid glycosides ( 1- 3), 11-hydroxyhainanolidol ( 4), and a new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan glycoside ( 5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai, along with 19 known flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic evidence, primarily NMR and MS. Twenty-four compounds were isolated, and among these isoscutellarein 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 3), apigenin ( 6), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1'-->6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 7), tamarixetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1'-->6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 8), quercetin 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 9), and quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside ( 10) showed significant inhibitory activities against osteoclast differentiation at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 microg/mL.  相似文献   

7.
From the dried leaves, flowers, and twigs of Adina racemosa, five new flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-(3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1--> 2)]-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (4), and quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[(4-O-trans-caffeoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (5), and eight known compounds were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means. Their inhibitory activities on protein synthesis were assessed. The new glycosides were found to be inhibitors of eukayrotic, but not prokaryotic, protein synthesis.  相似文献   

8.
Four new phenolic glycosides, (2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-allyl)phenyl beta- d-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside (1), (1' R,5' R)-5-(5-carboxymethyl-2-oxocyclopentyl)-3 Z-pentenyl beta-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (2), (S)-alpha-terpinyl [alpha-L-(2-O-galloyl)arabinofuranosyl]-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and (R)-alpha-terpinyl [alpha-L-(2-O-galloyl)arabinofuranosyl]-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the berries of Pimenta dioica together with eight known flavonoids. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR data and enzymatic hydrolysis. All four glycosides showed radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals.  相似文献   

9.
Six new flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(4-O-cis-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), and isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-(4-O-trans-feruloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Rhazya orientalis. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.  相似文献   

10.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the antiprotozoal extract of Conyza filaginoides led to the isolation of three new flavonol caffeoyl glycosides, namely, kaempferol 3-O-(6' '-O-E-caffeoyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-(6' '-O-E-caffeoyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), and quercetin 3-O-(6' '-O-E-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). In addition, seven known compounds, erythrodiol (4), beta-caryophyllene-4,5-alpha-oxide (5), astragalin (6), isoquercitrin (7), nicotiflorin (8), narcissin (9), and rutin (10), were obtained. The structures of the new isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds were also assessed for antiamoebic and antigiardial activities, but none was significantly active compared to the standard drugs evaluated.  相似文献   

11.
槐花炭化学成分的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:研究中药槐花炭的化学成分。方法:用硅胶柱色谱法和光谱分析法分离和鉴定化学成分。结果:分得6个化合物,经光谱分析鉴定其结构分别为麦芽酚(1),3-羟基吡啶(2),麦芽酚-3-氧-[6′-氧-(4″-羟基-反式-桂皮酰基)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),3-氧-[β-D-半乳吡喃糖基-(1→2)-p-β-葡萄吡喃醛酸糖基]槐二醇乙酯(4),3-氧-[β-D-半乳吡喃糖基.(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃醛酸糖基]槐二醇甲酯(5),芦丁(6)。结论:化合物4为新化合物,化合物1,2,3,5为首次从槐花炭中获得。  相似文献   

12.
New antibacterial acylphloroglucinols (1-5) were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of the plant Hypericum olympicum L. cf. uniflorum. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments to be 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,6″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (1), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(7″-hydroxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,5″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (2), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″-hydroxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,7″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (3), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″-hydroperoxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,7″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (4), and 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″,7″-epoxy-3″,7″-dimethyloct-2″-enyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (5). These new natural products have been given the trivial names olympicins A-E (1-5). All compounds were evaluated against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus and multidrug-resistant strains of Staph. aureus. Compound 1 exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5-1 mg/L against the tested Staph. aureus strains. Compounds 2 to 5 were also shown to be active, with MICs ranging from 64 to 128 mg/L. Compound 1 was synthesized using a simple four-step method that can be readily utilized to give a number of structural analogues of 1.  相似文献   

13.
Four new flavones and a new isoflavone from Iris bungei   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Four new irisflavones A-D (1-4) and irilin D (5) have been isolated from the underground parts of Iris bungei along with known isoflavones, irilins A-B (6-7) and tlatancuayin (8). The structures of the new compounds were determined using NMR and mass spectroscopic methods and were found to be 2',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (1), 2',5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (2), 2',5,6'-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (3), 3,3',5-trihydroxy-2',7-dimethoxyflavone (4), and 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone (5). The structures of irisflavones 1, 3, and 4 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.  相似文献   

14.
From the roots of Vismia guineensis 23 structurally related compounds were isolated and identified. Ten of them are new constituents, namely 3-O-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-emodin (1); 3-O-(2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-emodin (2); 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-(2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyloxy)-6-methylx anthone (3); 1,8-dihydroxy-3-geranyloxy-6-methylxanthone (4); 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-isoprenyloxy-6-methylxanthone (5); 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(3, 7-dimethyl-7-methoxyoct-2-enyloxy)-6-methylxanthone (6); 3-O-(E-3-hydroxymethylbut-2-enyl)-emodin (7); 3-O-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-hydroxybut-2-enyl)-emodin (8); 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-(E-3-hydroxymethylbut-2-enyloxy)-6-methylxa nthone (9); and 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-hydroxybut-2-enyloxy)-6- methylxantho ne (10). Their structures were established by means of EIMS and a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques. Furthermore, an in vitro preliminary screening of antimitotic activity of all the isolated compounds was also evaluated.  相似文献   

15.
A phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa afforded 35 compounds, comprised of flavonoids, terpenoids, saccharides, phenolics, and cyanogenic derivatives, including five new compounds (1-5) and a new natural product (6). These compounds were characterized as luteolin 8-C-E-propenoic acid (1), luteolin 8-C-beta-[6-deoxy-2-O-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-xylo-hexopyranos-3-uloside] (2), apigenin 7-O-(6' '-O-p-Z-coumaroyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 7-O-(4' '-O-p-Z-coumaroylglucoside) (4), syringetin 3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] (5), and laricitin 3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] (6). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.  相似文献   

16.
Three 20(S)-protopanaxatriol-type saponins, ginsenoside-Rg1 (1), notoginsenoside-R1 (2), and ginsenoside-Re (3), were transformed by the fungus Absidia coerulea (AS 3.3389). Compound 1 was converted into five metabolites, ginsenoside-Rh4 (4), 3beta,2beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1 (6), 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh1 (7), and a mixture of 25-hydroxy-20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1 and its C-20(R) epimer (8). Compound 2 was converted into 10 metabolites, 20(S)-notoginsenoside-R2 (9), 20(R)-notoginsenoside-R2 (10), 3beta,12beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3beta,12beta-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3beta,12beta,20,25-tetrahydroxydammaran-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), and compounds 4-8. Compound 3 was metabolized to 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 (14), 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2 (15), 3beta,12beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16), 3beta,12beta-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), 3beta,12beta,20,25-tetrahydroxydammaran-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), and compounds 4-8. The structures of five new metabolites, 10-13 and 16, were established by spectroscopic methods.  相似文献   

17.
Assay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Miconia myriantha yielded two new compounds, mattucinol-7-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and mattucinol-7-O-[4' ',6' '-di-O-galloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with mattucinol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), ellagic acid (4), 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, and gallic acid. Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of compound 1, which possesses a hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit, were achieved using the HMBC technique optimized for small couplings to enhance the four-bond and two-bond H/C correlations. Compounds 1 and 4 showed inhibitory effects against Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteases, with IC(50) of 8.4 and 10.5 microM, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
Three genuine saponins, named kinmoonosides A-C (1-3), have been isolated, together with a new monoterpenoid (4), from a methanolic extract of the fruits of Acacia concinna. The structures of kinmoonosides A-C were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis as 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-?(6R, 2E)-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-(2'E)-6'-hydroxyl-2'-hydroxymet hyl-6'-methyl-2',7'-octadienoyl-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2, 7-octadienoyl?acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1); 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-?(6S, 2E)-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-(2'E)-6'-hydroxyl-2'-hydroxymet hyl-6'-methyl-2',7'-octadienoyl-beta-D-quinobopyranosyl]-2, 7-octadienoyl?acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2); and 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-[(2E)-6-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,7-octadienoyl]acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), respectively. The new monoterpenoid 4 was determined as 4-O-[(2E)-6-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2, 7-octadienoyl]-D-quinovopyranose. Compounds 1-3 showed significant cytotoxicity against human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells.  相似文献   

19.
陈美安  林春花  梁雪 《中成药》2021,(4):939-943
目的研究兰香草Caryopteris incana(Thunb.)Miq.乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分。方法兰香草70%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及重结晶进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为吲哚-3-甲酸甲酯(1)、大黄酚(2)、大黄素(3)、5-羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(4)、5,6-二羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(5)、芹菜素(6)、木犀草素(7)、圣草酚(8)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(9)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、异阿魏酸(11)、没食子酸(12)、原儿茶酸(13)。结论化合物1、4~5、8~9、11为首次从该植物中分离得到。  相似文献   

20.
藏药五脉绿绒蒿中非生物碱成分   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
目的:研究藏药五脉绿绒蒿Meconopsis quintuplinervia的化学成分。方法:应用色谱技术分离纯化,用波谱学方法确定化合物结构。结果:从乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为:槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ),槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-半乳糖(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),山柰素-3-O-[β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),异鼠李黄素-3-O-[β-D-半乳糖苷(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖(Ⅳ),咖啡酸(Ⅴ),原儿茶酸(Ⅵ),对羟基肉桂酸(Ⅶ),2-(3,4-二羟苯基)-乙醇β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ),对羟基苯甲酸β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅸ),肉桂酸4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅹ),5,7-二羟基色原酮(Ⅺ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅻ)。结论:除Ⅵ和Ⅻ外,其余10个化合物均为首次从该属植物中发现。  相似文献   

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