肩胛皮瓣在四肢组织缺损美学修复中的应用

 目的 探索应用肩胛皮瓣行四肢组织缺损的美学修复.方法 应用肩胛皮瓣游离移植修复各种原因造成的组织缺损.结果 自1998 -02至2010 -12,临床应用11例,皮瓣面积(10 cm×15 cm) ～(16 cm×25 cm),成活10例,1例因血管变异失败.结论 肩胛皮瓣与四肢皮肤厚薄、质地相似,术后肢体形态、功能恢复良好,是四肢组织缺损美学修复的首选皮瓣.皮瓣预扩张后一期修复效果优良.     

"T"吻合血管股前外侧皮瓣游离移植的临床应用

目的:探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足部皮肤缺损的临床疗效.方法:解剖以股前外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的游离股前外侧皮瓣,移植修复9例足部皮肤缺损,男8例,女1例,年龄24岁～56岁.旋股外侧动脉及其伴行静脉于胫前/胫后动静脉做"T"型吻合,皮瓣切取最大面积20cm×12cm,最小面积10cm×6cm.结果:9例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访8个月～24个月,移植皮瓣外形及功能恢复满意.结论:股前外侧皮瓣具有血供可靠,血管蒂长,切取面积大,部位隐蔽,不损伤主要血管等优点,是修复足部皮肤缺损的理想方法之一.     

吻合血管的胸脐皮瓣移植修复足踝部大面积软组织缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的胸脐皮瓣移植修复足踝部大面积软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 对18例足踝部大面积软组织缺损(其中11例伴胫前或胫后血管节段损害)采用胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复创面.创面面积12cm×6cm～32cm×12cm.结果 移植皮瓣全部成活,3例足跟部缺损的病人术后因长期磨擦形成足跟部慢性溃疡;3例皮瓣臃肿,需再次手术整形.其余病例外观和足踝部功能恢复满意.结论 胸脐皮瓣为腹壁下动脉供血,血运丰富,血管解剖恒定,血管蒂长,可切取面积大且易于切取,适宜修复足踝部软组织缺损,尤其适用于缺损面积大、胫前或胫后血管之一长节段损害者.     

应用内踝上逆行皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的 观察应用内踝上逆行皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损并骨外露或跟腱外露的效果.方法 自2000年来应用内踝上逆行皮瓣27例,转移修复由车祸外伤、肿瘤等所致的足踝部皮肤软组织缺损并骨外露或跟腱外露.修复皮肤软组织缺损最大面积6cm×14cm,跟骨外露最大面积5cm×10cm.结果 共切取内踝上逆行皮瓣27块,其中血管蒂逆行皮瓣9例,筋膜血管蒂逆行皮瓣12例,带部分皮肤的筋膜血管蒂逆行皮瓣6例.其中1例皮瓣术后坏死,行游离背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复愈合,其余逆行皮瓣及供瓣区所植皮片均完全成活,术后随访6个月～4年,效果满意.结论 内踝上逆行皮瓣移植是修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损并骨外露或跟腱外露的理想方法之一.     

头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损的皮瓣修复

目的 探讨头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损的皮瓣修复方法.方法 自1997年2月～2007年7月共收治头皮缺损合并颅骨外露或缺损87例,行多个局部头皮瓣转移或双侧旋转皮瓣转移、轴型头皮皮瓣转移结合皮片移植、吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植修复手术.头皮缺损最大面积22.3cm×25.8cm,颅骨外露最大面积21.3cm×15.8cm,颅骨缺损最大面积11.7cm×8.4cm.结果 共切取皮瓣及肌皮瓣87块,其中1例背阔肌肌皮瓣坏死,行颅骨钻孔肉芽生长植皮后愈合.其余皮瓣皮片均完全成活,术后随访6个月～4年,效果满意.结论 轴型头皮皮瓣转移是修复大面积头皮缺损伴颅骨外露或颅骨缺损的有效方法之一.多个局部头皮瓣转移或双侧旋转皮瓣转移是修复较小范围头皮缺损并颅骨外露或缺损的较理想的方法.     

游离皮瓣移植及带蒂皮瓣转移修复手部急性创伤组织缺损

报告采用游离皮瓣移植或带蒂皮瓣转移修复手部创伤性较组织缺损20例，全部皮瓣存活。     

胸脐皮瓣修复足部脱套伤的临床应用

目的探讨胸脐皮瓣移植修复足部脱套伤的临床效果。方法对31例足脱套伤患者采用胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复创面,男性18例,女性13例;年龄15～50岁,平均35岁。创面面积16cm×6cm～28cm×12cm。结果移植皮瓣全部成活,3例皮瓣臃肿,需再次手术整形。其余病例外观和足部功能恢复满意。结论胸脐皮瓣为腹壁下动脉供血,血运丰富,血管解剖恒定,血管蒂长,可切取面积大且易于切取,适宜修复足脱套伤,尤其适用于有部分足底皮肤缺损者。     

电烧伤致头皮巨大缺损合并颅骨外露的皮瓣修复

目的：总结皮瓣修复电烧伤致头皮巨大缺损合并颅骨外露坏死的临床治疗经验,为头部严重电烧伤的治疗提供行之有效的方法。方法：15例电烧伤致头皮巨大缺损创面合并颅骨外露坏死,头皮缺损面积14cm×9cm-21cm×19cm,彻底清除坏死软组织,保留坏死颅骨,利用1～4个局部或带血管蒂的轴型皮瓣修复创面。结果：15例36个皮瓣全部成活,14例一期愈合,1例因缺损面积大,应用4个局部皮瓣修复,张力大,拆线过早,部分裂开,行二次手术修复愈合。其中6例二期行头皮扩张术修复供瓣区游离皮片移植形成的秃发畸形,效果满意。结论：多个局部任意皮瓣或带血管蒂的轴型皮瓣组合是修复头皮巨大面积缺损合并颅骨外露的有效方法,清创时应保留已失活的颅骨以防止颅内感染,并有利于颅骨的修复。     

下肢严重软组织缺损的游离皮瓣修复

目的：探讨游离皮瓣修复下肢严重软组织缺损的治疗效果。方法：自2006-01～2008—12,我科应用背阔肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、肩胛皮瓣、足背皮瓣、腓骨骨皮瓣对36例严重下肢软组织缺损的病例进行修复。结果：术后34例完全存活,2例股前外侧皮瓣远端部分坏死2～3cm,给予清除坏死部分的皮瓣组织后植皮,伤口愈合;随访3个月～3年,皮瓣质地良好,下肢功能改善和最大限度保留。结论：游离皮瓣修复下肢严重软组织缺损,根据损伤部位、范围、伤情选择不同的游离皮瓣进行修复效果可靠。     

带前臂外侧皮神经营养皮瓣修复手背部软组织缺损

目的探讨带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对27例手背部软组织缺损采用带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复,切取皮瓣面积最大为12 cm×8 cm,最小7 cm×5 cm。结果23例皮瓣完全成活,4例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,术后随访5~8个月,皮瓣质地良好,外观满意。结论带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣切取简便,成功率高,是修复手背部软组织缺损的理想供区。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.